ISSN: 1595-5842 | E-ISSN: 3043-5463 | Google Indexed | DOI Registered with Crossref | Peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal
Alvan Journal of Social Sciences International Peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal
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Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS)

ISSN: 1595-5842 | E-ISSN: 3043-5463 | DOI Registered with Crossref | Google Indexed

A scholarly platform for interdisciplinary research in governance, procurement, sustainability, education, development studies, environmental management, logistics, and the wider social sciences.

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Volume 3, Issue 1 (2026)

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Research Article

Transparency and Accountability in Public Procurement

N. O. Chibundu, B. U. Dike, U. Chris-Ejiogu

Pages 14-23 Read Article
Research Article

Urban Mass Transit and Socio-Economic Development in Abuja

Mohammed G. Yusuf et al.

Pages 35-49 Read Article
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Library-Led Open Access Publishing and Scholarly Communication

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Pages 186-193 Read Article

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Prof. Ngozi Casmir Ebomuche

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Dr. Ambrose O. Abaneme

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AJSS Article 027

← Volume 3, Issue 2 Contents

FRAGILE STATES, MILITARY RULE, AND THE EVOLUTION OF HYBRID INSURGENCY IN THE SAHEL: REASSESSING THE CRISIS IN MALI AND REGIONAL

Insurgency In The Sahel: Reassessing The Crisis In Mali; Regional Security Implications Pedro Okor

Journal
Alvan Journal of Social Sciences
Volume/Issue
3(2), 2026
Pages
336-347
DOI
10.67638/ajss-2026-v3-i2-027
Keywords
State fragility, military rule, hybrid insurgences, political dialogue, Economic Community of West African States.
Corresponding author
Pedro Okor
Email
pedokor@aauekpoma.edu.ng
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Abstract

This paper examined Fragile States, Military rule, and the evolution of hybrid Insurgency in the Sahel: reassessing the crisis in Mali and regional security implications. The unstable situation in Mali portrays a multiple interactive between state fragility, militarized governance, and the transformation of insurgent violence. This study looks existing scholarship by bringing state fragility theory, frameworks to explain the continuous worsen situation notwithstanding repeated military interventions. The paper used qualitative analysis of secondary data, including ACLED datasets, UN reports, and policy briefs. The paper shows that the 2020 and 2021 coups did not settle crises rather aggravated institutional erosion and legitimized coercive state practices. The paper argues further that rebellious actors in Mali have developed into hybrid networks that blend ideological extremism with local grievances and criminal economies. The paper discusses the implications for the Economic Community of West African States, laying emphasis on the risks of regional contagion, democratic backsliding, and transnational insecurity. The paper recommends strengthening democratic institutions, implementing comprehensive security sectors reforms, promoting inclusive political dialogue and amongst others. Conclusively the study believes that sustainable peace in the Sahel region demands a shift from militarized response to governance-centered and human security approaches.

Citation

Insurgency In The Sahel: Reassessing The Crisis In Mali; Regional Security Implications Pedro Okor (2026). FRAGILE STATES, MILITARY RULE, AND THE EVOLUTION OF HYBRID INSURGENCY IN THE SAHEL: REASSESSING THE CRISIS IN MALI AND REGIONAL. Alvan Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), 336-347. https://doi.org/10.67638/ajss-2026-v3-i2-027

Pedro Okor
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