Analysis of Air Quality in Different Activities Hotspots in Relation to Vehicular Emission in Yola Metropolis, Nigeria

Hashimu Umar; Danasabe Lawan Maikudi; Rabiu Bala Hashidu; Emmanuel Daniel Sini; Hashimu Umar; Danasabe Lawan Maikudi; Rabiu Bala Hashidu; Emmanuel Daniel Sini; N. O. Chibundu; B. U. Dike; U. Chris-Ejiogu; Toochukwu Acho Agiriga; Mohammed Gulu Yusuf; Yakubu Chiwari Gambo; Salihu Musa; Abdulrazak Tijjani Kura; Ahmed A. Babatunde; Yahaya S. Muhammad; Japhet Olusadum Nnaeto; Dare Isaac Akindoyin; Abdullahi Yakubu; Chinwendu Shedrack Njoku

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Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS)

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Volume 3, Issue 1 (2026)

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Transparency and Accountability in Public Procurement

N. O. Chibundu, B. U. Dike, U. Chris-Ejiogu

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Urban Mass Transit and Socio-Economic Development in Abuja

Mohammed G. Yusuf et al.

Pages 35-49 Read Article

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Library-Led Open Access Publishing and Scholarly Communication

Essor Gospel Chisa, Mercy Douglas

Pages 186-193 Read Article

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Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS) Analysis of Air Quality in Yola Metropolis, Nigeria | AJSS Analysis of Air Quality in Yola Metropolis, Nigeria | AJSS Transparency and Accountability in Public Procurement | AJSS Soil Classification and Land Use in Imo State | AJSS Urban Mass Transit and Development in Abuja | AJSS Machine Learning-Based Crop Yield Prediction | AJSS Migration of Nigerian Healthcare Professionals | AJSS Workplace Discipline and Productivity | AJSS Preventive Diplomacy and Peace in Africa | AJSS Climate Insecurity and Women's Mental Health | AJSS Marginalization of Owerri Zone in Imo State | AJSS Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS) | Peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal

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ABSTRACT
This study assessed the determinants of compulsory land acquisition and compensation practices in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. Twelve Estate Surveyors and Valuers (ESVs), representing claimants in acquisition processes, were purposively sampled to provide professional insights into the effectiveness and challenges of current practices. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed with descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including correlation and factor analysis. The demographic profile of respondents indicated a highly experienced group, with 66.7% possessing 6–10 years of professional practice and 83.3% holding the Associate membership of the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (ANIVS). The correlation matrix revealed mostly weak associations among variables; however, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of 0.645 and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (χ² = 741.94, p < 0.001) confirmed the adequacy of the sample for factor analysis. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extracted three major components with eigenvalues greater than one, jointly explaining 57.99% of the total variance. These components reflected procedural efficiency, claimant experience and dispute management, and compensation practices. Performance ratings highlighted significant shortcomings: timeliness of compensation (mean = 2.85) and overall acquisition practices (mean = 2.97) were rated low, while procedural compliance such as issuing notices (mean =3.21) and conducting enumerations (mean = 3.11) achieved only moderate ratings. The rotated component matrix further underscored the interdependence of procedural transparency, claimant satisfaction, and dispute management. The findings indicate that delays in compensation, weak procedural compliance, and poor dispute resolution are key drivers of dissatisfaction with land acquisition practices. The study recommends prompt and transparent compensation payments, stronger procedural compliance through proper documentation and communication, and the establishment of effective dispute resolution mechanisms to enhance fairness, efficiency, and legitimacy in land acquisition processes.
Keywords: Land acquisition, compensation practices, urban centers, Ede, Nigeria

BAMIDELE OLUBUNMI AJIBOYE
ABSTRACT This study examines the influence of financial inclusion strategies of membership, savings mobilization, and loan portfolio quality on the sustainability of Credit Unions captured through asset quality within the Bamenda chapter of Cameroon. Using a quantitative longitudinal panel design, secondary data from 40 credit unions spanning 2021 to 2023 were analyzed through robust fixed effects regression models with year fixed effects to account for unobserved heterogeneity and temporal shocks. The findings reveal that savings mobilization has a significant positive impact on asset quality, with a coefficient of 0.70 (p < 0.001), indicating that a unit increase in logged savings mobilization is associated with a 0.70-unit increase in asset quality. Membership exhibits a marginally significant effect, with a coefficient of 0.00008 (p = 0.053), suggesting that growth in membership positively influences asset quality, albeit modestly. Loan portfolio quality also strongly correlates with higher asset quality, with a coefficient of 0.30 (p = 0.002). The model explains 68% of the within- credit unions variation in asset quality (R² = 0.68). The Hausman test (χ² = 5.78, p = 0.123) indicates that a fixed effects model is appropriate, and stationarity tests confirmed that asset quality, savings mobilization, and loan portfolio variables are stationary, supporting the validity of the analysis. The study recommends prioritizing savings mobilization, enhancing credit risk management, and cautious membership expansion. Overall, strategic focus on these areas can promote financial stability and long-term sustainability. Keywords: Asset quality, credit unions, financial sustainability, loan portfolio quality, membership, savings mobilization

FUEIN VERA
ABSTRACT The Guinea Savanna region of Nigeria is a biodiverse transition zone between Nigeria’s tropical rainforests and the sahelian savannas. This ecological zone plays a critical role in supporting ecological balance and human livelihoods. The increase in population, agricultural expansion and other anthropogenic interferences has caused unprecedented levels of land cover changes and habitat fragmentation and consequent habitat degradation. The objective of this study focused on land use/land cover dynamics and the pattern of habitat fragmentation in the southern guinea savanna region of Kogi State from 1986 to 2023. Fragmentation assessment was performed based on the geospatial analysis of Land use and Land cover (LULC) analysis using Multispectral Landsat aerial imageries of 1986, 2001 and 2023 as datasets. The Spatial Metric was performed with the use of Landscape Fragmentation Tool (LFT) software. The results revealed that grassland/agricultural land and settlement constituted most extensive LULC in the study area and increased by 736.9% and 182.3% respectively between 1986 and 2023. On the other hand, forest cover reduced drastically by 64.9% between 1986 and 2023, indicating high rate of deforestation and habitat degradation. Fragmentation analysis showed increase in the number of patches, indicating that the vegetation cover has undergone significant fragmentation over the years. Therefore, this study recommends an urgent need for vegetation conservation measures and sustainable landuse planning which includes control of deforestation, promoting reforestation efforts, and improving landscape connectivity by establishing ecological corridors. Keywords: Habitat fragmentation, biodiversity, savanna, GIS, landscape fragmentation tool (LFT), LULC.

OLUFAYOKEMI RASHEEDAT OYESANMI
ABSTRACT This study explores forest change in the Okwangwo Division of Cross River National Park, Nigeria, by combining satellite based vegetation analysis with insights from indigenous communities. Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from 2000 to 2022, we focused on vegetation health trends, especially between 2020 and 2024, with earlier years included when recent data was not available. The NDVI showed an unstable pattern with a significant decline between 2008 and 2014, slight recovery, and then another drop in 2022, indicating stress in forest cover. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) data, used to support carbon estimation, revealed similar declines particularly in 2016 and 2017, suggesting reduced forest productivity. To better understand environmental stressors, we analyzed Land Surface Temperature (LST), ERA5 air temperature, and CHIRPS rainfall data. Results showed a steady increase in both surface and air temperatures, with the hottest values recorded between 2020 and 2024. At the same time, rainfall steadily declined from 2014 to 2022, worsening moisture stress. This combination of heat and reduced rainfall points to climate pressure as a major factor in declining forest health. These satellite-based observations were supported by knowledge shared by indigenous community members who reported hotter dry seasons, irregular rainfall, and visible thinning of forest canopy over time. Their lived experiences added context to the data and helped confirm trends observed from space. By blending indigenous knowledge with remote sensing, this study offers a clearer picture of how climate variability is affecting protected tropical forests and highlights the value of local perspectives in guiding conservation efforts in places like Okwangwo. Keywords: Forest change, indigenous knowledge, remote sensing, climate stress, ecosystem monitoring

NNACHI IKWUO NNACHI
ABSTRACT Desertification in Dambatta Local Government Area (LGA), Kano State, Nigeria, threatens environmental sustainability and rural livelihoods due to a combination of climatic variability and human-induced factors such as deforestation and overgrazing. This study evaluates the effectiveness of community-led reforestation initiatives and the potential of off-farm activities as strategies to mitigate desertification and enhance socio-economic resilience. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates reconnaissance surveys, community questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and geospatial analysis across four communities: FayamFayam, Dukewa, Zago, and Gwanda. Findings reveal moderate to severe desertification, with limited effectiveness of reforestation efforts due to inadequate funding, low community participation, and technical constraints. Off-farm activities, including craftsmanship, small-scale trading, and agro-processing, show significant potential for income diversification but face barriers such as lack of training, market access, and financial resources. An integrated strategy combining enhanced reforestation with off-farm livelihood development, supported by targeted policies and capacity-building, is proposed to address desertification and foster sustainable development. These findings contribute to the discourse on sustainable land management and livelihood diversification in arid regions, offering actionable recommendations for policymakers, local authorities, and community stakeholders. Keywords: Desertification, community-led reforestation, off-farm activities, sustainable livelihoods, Dambatta, ecosystem restoration

PANKYES BULUS FWANG’AR
ABSTRACT
This study examines the epidemiology of waterborne diseases, related risk determinants, and control limitations among sampled semi-urban areas within Southwest Nigeria. A crosssectional mixed-methods research protocol asserted. Data were captured among 450 households through the help of structured questionnaires, water quality analysis (for E. coli, turbidity, pH, residual chlorine, and TDS), and analysis of the records from the health facilities. Furthermore, institutional and community-level control strategies were examined through 18 key informant interviews. Data were descriptively illustrated using descriptive stats, chi-square tests, and multivariable regression analysis, and qualitative interviews through thematic analysis. Over half the households (52.8%) experienced at least one episode of waterborne diseases within the last three preceding months, with the most common ones being diarrhea (34.7%) and typhoid (22.8%). Laboratory analysis indicated that 67% of the water sources exceeded WHO thresholds on E. coli levels and 72% provided suboptimal residual chlorine concentration. Multivariable regression analysis highlighted the utilization of the protected water places (AOR = 2.84, p = 0.001) and the lack of the householder's toilets (AOR = 2.21, p = 0.002) and poor hand washing (AOR = 1.87, p = 0.015) to significantly predict the occurrence of the diseases. Most prominent limitations to control included substandard infrastructure, the lack of effective policy enforcement on sanitation and limited information on the proper drills on the ostensible hygiene. Controls need to place emphasis on the improved infrastructure on watersides, effective policies on sanitation enforcement and the provision on low-cost household interventions on the treatable waters. Keywords: waterborne diseases, prevalence, WASH, semi-urban communities, Southwest Nigeria, public health

Z. A. ALIU
ABSTRACT The study examined the effectiveness of environmental protection policies on waste management in Oyo State and found that despite existing frameworks, challenges such as poor infrastructure, weak enforcement, and low public awareness persist. The study adopted Polluter Pays Principle (PPP). Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, data were collected from 191 respondents across government ministries, recycling agencies, health professionals, environmentalists, and residents, with 188 valid responses analyzed through SPSS. The findings from the study in Oyo State revealed that a significant majority (89.3%) of respondents agreed that the policies consider the specific needs of different communities with participatory approaches playing a crucial role in enhancing decision-making. Additionally, 79% of respondents recognized that the policies have contributed to a reduction in the overall amount of waste generated in the state. 83% of respondents noted an improvement in cleanliness and overall environmental conditions, partially attributed to the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP), which has helped improve household and community cleanliness. The study recommended that. The Oyo State should expand and maintain waste management infrastructure by repairing and increasing the fleet of waste collection trucks and collaborating with local governments to maximize existing infrastructure, overseen by the Oyo State Rural Supply and Sanitation Agency. Keywords: Environmental protection, Oyo, policies, sustainable, waste

AMIN AMIN
ABSTRACT
The study examined the Response Priority Index of constraints associated with sorghumlegume based cropping systems in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Multistage and purposive sampling techniques were adopted to sampled 385 respondents and the data obtained were analyzed using Response priority index (RPI). The result revealed that in sole sorghum cropping system most constraints was land fragmentation with the RPI value of 4.48 which was ranked first, high cost of farm inputs and insecurity due to herdsmen were ranked second with RPI of 4.46, inadequate capital and high cost of labour had RPI of 4.43 which were ranked fourth and price fluctuation was ranked sixth with RPI of 4.38. In sorghum/cowpea/ cropping system, high cost of labour with the RPI value of 4.41 which was ranked first which was the most constraint followed by inadequate capital which was ranked second with RPI of 4.37, high cost of farm inputs had RPI of 4.36 which was ranked third, climatic factors and price fluctuation had RPI of 4.19 were ranked fourth, insecurity due to herdsmen was ranked sixth with RPI of 4.17. Further still, revealed that in sorghum/ cowpea/ groundnut cropping system, the most constraints was high cost of farm inputs with the RPI value of 4.48 which was ranked first followed by high cost of labour which was ranked second with RPI of 4.44, low productivity had RPI of 4.26 which was ranked third, land fragmentation and price fluctuation had RPI of 4.22 were ranked fourth and climatic factors was ranked sixth with RPI of 4.18. The study recommend that governmental and non-governmental agencies should encourage farmers through providing inputs to farmers at subsidized prices and assure minimum guarantee price for their produce since sorghum-legume based cropping systems to boost the production of sorghum and government should assist farmers in addressing other major problems associated sorghum (Sorghum spp)-legume based cropping systems in the study area particularly the issue of land fragmentation and insecurity. Keywords: Response Priority Index, Constraints, Sorghum, Legume and Cropping Systems

USMAN AHMED
ABSTRACT
Land use alteration occurs when a particular land is changed from the use that was initially allocated due to invasion and succession, economic rents, highest and best use and other factors that incorporates urbanization in its entirety. Many studies have focused on identifying the driving forces shaping urban development patterns, such as urban scale, and rate and location of land use conversions. The study sought to identify the factors influencing land use changes and determine whether the Bid Rent Theory by Alonso is actually at play in explaining the factors responsible for land use changes in different climes. The driving forces of land use change are numerous, multifaceted and interwoven. The study adopted the use of secondary data from journals, research articles, books obtained through printed and online resources. Going by the vast literature on land use change factors, population growth, socioeconomic, socio-cultural, technological, and natural factors as well as national policies and globalisation are the recognised motivating factors of land use changes. However, there are other drivers of land use change that are peculiar to developing countries like Nigeria. These include inter-urban migration as well as security and safety considerations. The Bid Rent Theory advocated the Willingness to Pay concept which explains the increase in demand for land and its changes. The identification of these drivers of land use change and conversion and their intricacies will help in terms of policy formulation to improve land use planning activities, sustainably manage land resources, reduce housing deficit and generally improve the lives of the citizens by boosting the national economy. Keywords: Land use, land use change, land use change factors, bid rent, willingness to pay.

EMMANUEL SHEKWOLO GWAMNA
ABSTRACT
Flooding is a recurring challenge in Gwagwalada, Abuja, often linked to weak drainage, rapid urban growth, and closeness to rivers. This study combines community perceptions with geospatial evidence to better understand the causes of flooding and their implications for planning. A structured survey of 289 residents captured local views on flooding experiences, while geospatial layers were used to confirm flood-prone zones and exposed infrastructure. Survey results showed that overflowing rivers (40.83 percent) and poor drainage systems (38.75 percent) were widely seen as the main causes of flooding. When compared with elevation and risk maps, these responses closely matched the most vulnerable areas near rivers and unplanned settlements. The overlay of flood zones with roads and buildings further showed that critical infrastructure is frequently exposed to flood hazards, compounding residents’ experiences. By linking people’s lived realities with spatial analysis, the study highlights how both natural setting and human systems drive flood risk. It recommends improved drainage maintenance, stricter controls on development in flood-prone areas, and the use of participatory flood maps that reflect both technical data and community knowledge. The main contribution is an integrated approach that gives planners evidence grounded in both maps and local experience. Keywords: SRTM-DEM, geospatial analysis, community perceptions, flood risk, Gwagwalad

EKEH, JOSHUA M
ABSTRACT
This study examines Nigeria's food security crisis using a mixed-method approach, focusing on post-pandemic agricultural policies and economic factors such as inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, and production costs. The research uses national datasets and qualitative insights from policymakers, farmers, and NGOs to analyze food security trends over time. Key findings reveal that high inflation, driven by foreign exchange volatility, trade barriers, and rising production costs, has severely limited food affordability. Limited agricultural productivity, exacerbated by climate variability, insecurity, and infrastructural deficits, further restricts food availability and accessibility, particularly for rural and low-income populations. Policies like the National Agricultural Technology and Innovation Policy and the National Development Plan aim to revitalize the agricultural sector by strengthening value chains, promoting innovation, and enhancing resilience to shocks. However, structural weaknesses and insufficient investment challenge their effectiveness. The study recommends stabilizing inflation, expanding infrastructure investment, strengthening value-chain resilience, and enhancing targeted social protection programs to address gaps in affordability and accessibility. It underscores the need for integrated policy efforts to address immediate and systemic drivers of food insecurity, fostering a sustainable and resilient agricultural sector in the post-COVID era.
Key words: Post-COVID agricultural policy, food affordability, food accessibility, food availability, mixed-method analysis. Jell Codes: I18; Q11; I38; Q02; C18

OKEZIE A. IHUGBA
ABSTRACT
Insecurity unleashes unprecedented catastrophes in the sphere of human existence. The nuances in the dynamics of its operation have rattled the foundations of the intelligence gathering units of the Security Personnel in the study area. The academic landscape of the area is also not excluded from the maze conundrum. This scenario prompts the drive behind this research. It seeks to evaluate the percentage proportions of the displaced Public Secondary Schools by insecurity in the study area. The study population comprises: the 27 local government areas and 164 Public Secondary Schools in the study area. Simple random sampling technique was leveraged to sample 4 local government areas and 15 Public Secondary Schools from the study population in the area. Data were obtained from primary and secondary sources. They were accessed from the Public Secondary Schools’ records. Akin to that, hand-held G.P.S. was used for the collection of the latitudinal and longitudinal locations of the sampled local government areas. While the secondary data were sourced from base map, cognate literature and the internet, the analysis was executed with percentages and a chart in Microsoft Excel (2013). The results accentuated the percentage proportions of the displaced schools by insecurity in the respective local government areas of the study. Okigwe and Orsu had 40 percent each while Orlu and Njaba had 13 percent and 7 percent respectively. Therefore, the study concludes that, Okigwe and Orsu had more displaced schools by insecurity than Orlu and Njaba in the study area.
Keywords: Insecurity, public secondary schools, percentage proportions, displaced.

TOOCHUKWU ACHO AGIRIGA
ABSTRACT
This study examined the impact of road transport infrastructure on agricultural productivity and market access in Kura Local Government Area of Kano State. Specifically, the study sought to: assess the effect of road transport infrastructure on agricultural productivity in Kura; and to identify strategies for improving road infrastructure to enhance agricultural productivity and market access. A descriptive survey design was employed, with a population of 143,094 residents. Using Yamane’s formula at 5 percent precision, a sample size of 400 respondents was selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Impact of Road Transport Infrastructure on Agricultural Productivity and Market Access in Kura Local Government Area, Kano State (IRTIAPMAKLGAKS) and field observations. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, as well as inferential tools including correlation and regression analysis. The findings revealed that poor feeder roads and inadequate maintenance significantly constrained farmers’ ability to transport inputs and outputs, thereby reducing productivity and limiting access to profitable markets. The study concludes that improved rural road infrastructure would enhance agricultural output, reduce post-harvest losses, and increase farmers’ income in Kura. It recommends targeted government investment in road rehabilitation, periodic maintenance of feeder roads, and community participation in infrastructure management to support sustainable agricultural development and rural livelihood improvement. Keywords: Road Transport Infrastructure, Agricultural Productivity, Market Access, Kura Local Government Area

Abdullahi Shuaibu Abubakar
ABSTRACT
This paper examined the evaluation of the role of women in leadership positions in Nigeria, focusing on their contributions to sustainable development. Despite the presence of constitutional frame works and advocacy for gender inclusion, female representation in leadership remains significantly low in Nigeria‟s governance and economic sectors. The population of the study comprises all the prominent female leaders across politics, business, academia, and civil society in the South- East of Nigeria. The sample size was fifty (50) female respondents that were selected from the population by simple random sampling technique from the South- East of Nigeria. The subjects responded to a 14-item questionnaire in the Evaluation of the Role of Women in leadership Positions and their Contributions to sustainable Development. Empirical research data reports from different sources were also used to explore the social, political, and economic impact of women‟s leadership. Mean was used to answer the four research questions. Results indicated that women in leadership have proven to be strategic actors in driving sustainable development despite the structural, and cultural barriers that impede women‟s participation and offers pragmatic strategies to bridge the gender gap in leadership. Ultimately, the findings underscore that inclusive governance and sustainable development is intricately tied to women active participation in leadership roles. The paper also recommends that legislative action should be taken to enact and enforce gender quotas at all levels of governance. Keywords: Evaluation, women, leadership, contributions, sustainable development.

CAROLINE I. OKORIE
ABSTRACT
This study examines the nexus between forced migration, displacement, and reliance on traditional medicine among Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in North-Central Nigeria, with emphasis on Benue, Nasarawa, and the Federal Capital Territory. Displacement in the region driven largely by farmer herder conflicts has pushed thousands into poorly resourced formal and informal camps where access to modern healthcare is severely constrained. Clinics are scarce, poorly staffed, and financially inaccessible, compelling many IDPs to depend on indigenous medical systems. Adopting a mixed-methods design, the research combines surveys (n = 500), in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions to capture both statistical trends and lived experiences of IDPs. Findings indicate that over 60% of displaced persons rely on herbal remedies, traditional birth attendants, and spiritual healers, far higher than rates among host communities. Key drivers of this reliance include affordability (68.4 percent), cultural familiarity (56.8 percent), accessibility (55.6 percent), and enduring trust in indigenous healing. Logistic regression further reveals significant associations between reliance on traditional medicine and socio-economic variables such as education level, income, and distance to healthcare facilities. The study concludes that displacement not only uproots populations but also reshapes healthcare-seeking strategies, making traditional medicine central to IDP survival. While culturally embedded and accessible, unregulated reliance on these practices raises concerns regarding safety and delayed treatment. The research recommends integrating traditional practitioners into humanitarian health systems, strengthening camp-based healthcare infrastructure, and developing regulatory frameworks to ensure safe and culturally responsive care.
Keywords: Migration, displacement, traditional medicine, IDPs, healthcare access, NorthCentral Nigeria

SILAS JOSHUA
ABSTRACT
The Nigerian construction industry faces challenges in adopting Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Electronic Procurement (e-procurement), essential for improving project efficiency. This study investigated their adoption among professionals in Akwa Ibom using questionnaire-based data, analysed through regression, descriptive statistics, and the Relative Severity Index. Findings revealed that only 37% of respondents use BIM, while 83 percent use e-procurement. About 51 percent reported partial integration, and 31 percent achieved full integration. Despite challenges, 57 percent recognised benefits such as improved time and cost management, efficiency, and collaboration, whereas 14 percent were sceptical. A significant 84 percent reported issues like price instability, supply chain disruptions, fraud, and technological difficulties. Barriers included poor infrastructure, regulatory constraints, and high implementation costs. Recent government reforms were perceived as beneficial. WhatsApp (24 percent) was the most used procurement platform, followed by email (22 percent) and Facebook (21 percent). The study recommends for adequate personnel training, increase investment in infrastructure, and sustainable provision of government incentives to support wider technology adoption.
Keywords: Assessing, integration, building information modelling (BIM), E-procurement, construction project.

A. O. AKPAN
ABSTRACT
This study evaluates urban household supply and storage of water for domestic use in the Lokoja Metropolis, Kogi State, Nigeria. The objectives were: to examine sources of household water supply, identify factors affecting household water supply, ascertain various household domestic uses of water, examine means of storing water and types of water storage facilities used in storing water in Lokoja Metropolis. Primary and secondary data were employed in the study. The primary data were from field observations and questionnaire administration, while the secondary data sources were from already published materials such as text books, articles in journals and other relevant materials. Data collected were analyzed by simple descriptive statistical methods such as tables and percentages. Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to test hypotheses. Results and findings from the study are as follows: The sources of water supply in the study area were pipe borne water, hand- dug well, borehole, river and water vendor. Residents of the area used water for drinking, bathing, convenience, cooking, washing, lawn and gardening. Factors that militated against water supply in the area included distance from source, seasonality, electric supply, pipe leakage, road construction, poor funding and topography. There were five different types of facilities used in storing water by residents of the area, these included buckets, overhead plastic tank, jerry can, plastic drum and larger plastic container. Based on the findings, this study recommends that the state government should connect water close to residents of the area that are far from other sources of municipal water supply. To maintain and sustain the availability and adequacy of water supply in Lokoja, Kogi State government should adequately fund Water Board by way of constant supply of chlorine, alum and other logistics needed. Keywords: Household, water supply, water storage, accessibility, affordability.

L.U. NWAUNE
ABSTRACT
This study investigated how technology affects student attendance and dropout rates in schools in Nigeria. The Researchers collected data from teachers, school administrators, and parents in both rural and urban areas. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests including t-test and chi-square were implored. The findings in the study show that schools using technology have much higher attendance (84.2 percent) and lower dropout rates (11.7 percent) compared to schools without technology (68.4 percent attendance, 21.3 percent dropout). Parents are more involved when technology is used (71.4 percent engagement) than when it is not (33.8 percent). Challenges encountered include poor internet and computer facilities, lack of teacher technical know-how and differences between rural and urban areas. The study recommends amongst others but not limited that government invest in technology, train teachers better, and involve parents more. The study concluded that using digital technologies helps to improve student attendance rates, decreases dropouts rates and increases responsibility, but this needs continued support from the public and private sectors for sustainability.
Keywords: Technology, attendance, school dropout reduction, parental engagement, ICT.

Kelechi U. Nwosu
ABSTRACT
Cyberbullying is a growing global social menace, characterized by the use of electronic communication to harass and threaten individuals, it is a trend increasingly common in Nigeria. This research specifically investigated the socio-economic implications of cyberbullying on citizens in the Kebbi Central Senatorial District. The study employed a survey descriptive research design, guided by the Space Transition Theory (STT). From a population of 255,000 across seven local government areas (LGAs), the researcher purposively selected three LGAs. Using a multi-stage sampling method that included simple random and purposive techniques, 1,600 structured questionnaires were distributed, with 1,500 validated for analysis. The research instrument, the 'Cyberbullying Attitude Questionnaire' (CAQ), was expert-validated and demonstrated a high reliability coefficient of .81 using Cronbach's Alpha. Data was analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. The findings identified severe socio-economic implications for victims, including economic loss, emotional trauma, and psychological and physiological threats. Based on these results, the study recommended several key actions: establishing community internet safety teams to monitor online activities, creating comprehensive bullying prevention policies that educate on rules and acceptable technology use, and founding a dedicated Cyberbullying Control and Prevention Center (CCPC) within the Kebbi Central Senatorial District to combat this issue effectively.
Keywords: Cybercrime, cyberspace, cyberbullying, socio-economic, Kebbi central senatorial district

MUDASSIR NASIR
ABSTRACT
This study examines the impact of urban development on agricultural lands in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. Relatively little empirical research has been conducted on the actual effects of different spatial patterns of urban development on agricultural lands in the study area. This study aims to fill that gap with a focus on Birnin Kebbi, the Kebbi state capital. The objectives of the study were to obtain the land use and land cover (LULC) of Birnin Kebbi, determine the various loss of agricultural land types to urban development and to make viable recommendation based on the findings of this paper. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (RS/ GIS) was used in this study for achieving the objectives and data used was gotten from earthexplorer.usgs.gov. Landsat (TM) images of 1990, 2000 and 2016 were used. The study employed supervised digital image classification method using IDIRISI and ArcGIS 10.2 software. Result showed a major increase in built-up area of 9.2 percent in year 2000 to 48.7 percent in 2016. The cultivated area of 62.1 percent in 1990 reduced to 18.4 percent in 2016. Also, the main change observed for the period of 1990 to 2016 was the decrease in agricultural areas due to urbanization from 62 percent to 18 percent. Over 60 percent of the agricultural land types were loss as a result of development. It was recommended that land use zoning, and technological innovation be adopted by the government to manage and monitor land use cases in the study area.
Keywords: Agricultural land, Urbanization, land use, GIS, Remote sensing

SALIHU KOKO MUSA
ABSTRACT
Swimming pool is one of the recreational facilities patronized by different classes of people for pleasure in some of the hotels and residential houses in Kano Metropolis. However, the swimming pools may harbor infectious disease from contaminated water sources or from untreated water of the swimming pools. Pollution in swimming pools is therefore not uncommon as it is a serious public health issue affecting people globally. This study focused on assessment of swimming pools water quality in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select seven swimming pools from hotels, restaurant and private residence. Mean temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, chloride, phosphate, nitrate, total dissolved solid, total coliforms E. coli and shigella were tested in the laboratory using American public health association (APHA) method. Water quality index (WQI) was computed using Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) to evaluate the quality of water in each of the seven sampled swimming pools. Likert scale was used to rank each swimming pool water quality. The result shows that 28% of the swimming pools water are unsuitable for recreational purpose. Furthermore, the study also shows that the swimming pools did not comply with world health organization (WHO) and environment protection agency (EPA) recreational standards for chlorine. Therefore, the study recommends that the relevant stakeholders need to ensure that standards are maintained at the various swimming pools through regular surveillance and strict enforcement of regulations
Keywords: Water quality, recreation, swimming pools, index.

MUSLIM MUSA YAKUBU
ABSTRACT
This study addresses the global concern of declining financial performance among commercial banks, focusing specifically on Cameroon, where persistent challenges such as high non-performing loans and inadequate credit risk management hinder sector stability. The main objective is to examine how credit risk management practices—namely, nonperforming loans to total liabilities ratio, capital adequacy ratio, and loans-to-deposits ratio— affect the financial performance of Cameroonian banks, with a particular emphasis on Return on Assets (ROA). The specific aims include evaluating the impact of these variables on bank profitability, using panel data regression techniques, notably fixed effects estimation, over the period 2020–2024. Employing secondary data from financial statements and regulatory reports, the research finds that while effective credit risk management positively influences ROA, elevated non-performing loans and capital buffers can adversely affect profitability. Drawing on the Financial Intermediation, Financial Distress, Modern Portfolio, and Shiftability liquidity management theories, the study recommends that banks adopt balanced credit risk strategies, optimize capital buffers, and maintain prudent lending levels to enhance financial performance and sector resilience. Keywords: Commercial banks, credit risk management, financial performance, loan-todeposit ratio, non-performing loans, return on assets. JEL Codes: G21, G32, G38, C12, C23

LABAKU STEPHANIE FIH
ABSTRACT
This study examines African Continental Free Trade Area and economy development in Africa. The structuralist theory of economic development serves as the theoretical foundation. Qualitative methodology and secondary sources of data were used. The study employed content analysis to evaluate the phenomenon. The study revealed that, changes in welfare, measured as equivalent variations of real income, range from USD 2.8 billion to USD 16.1 billion, or up to 0.13 percent relative to a baseline scenario. Intra-African exports increase between 14.6 percent and 32.8 percent, which has small effects on total trade due to the low share of intra-African trade. Also, implementation of the Agreement also helps to reduce the current trade dependence of Africa on its external partners. Production capacities also increase for services. However, there is no mechanism in place under the AfCFTA to coordinate industrial policy across the member nations and regions. The study recommended among others that, for effectiveness in achieving the target objective of African Continental Free Trade Area and economy development in Africa, there is need to establish integrated institutional mechanisms for implementation and monitoring and build the capacity of relevant stakeholders with regard to inclusive rules and practices Keywords: Africa, continental, free trade, economy, development

Yakubu Chiwar GAMBO
ABSTRACT
The involvement of Almajiri students in violent crime has made the Almajirai schools environment unsafe for teaching, learning and researching. In the early 1960s and 1970s, the school environment was safe and secured for learning and physical development of individuals. Today the situation is gradually changed and the school environment has become a source of worry, anguish and misery for Almajiris, Mallams (teachers), students and parents. The study specifically examines the influence of these schools on child delinquencies in Yauri Local Government Area. The study utilized survey method, which combined both questionnaires and interviews. A sample of 900 participants selected from 26 purposively sampled Almajiri schools. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using statistical tools, such as T-tests and ANOVA in SPSS and Excel, while interview responses were transcribed and presented qualitatively. The researcher raised 2 questions and transcribed them in to two hypotheses and been tested at 0.5 Alpha. The study is anchored by youth bulge theory (YBT). The research concludes that the Almajiri‟s school environment contributes significantly to child delinquency. Based on the findings the study recommends the following; government should take responsibility for overseeing and monitoring all Almajiri schools to ensure proper implementation of standards. Additionally, it recommends establishment of Almajiri‟s schools counseling centers and empowering parents both financially and educationally to promote their children's welfare and development.
Keywords: Almajiri, delinquency, Almajiri school, Almajiri education system

MUDASSIR NASIR
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of SCD among students in tertiary institutions of Kaduna State. First, a retrospective analysis of all admissions at the tertiary institutions over a 5-year period (2017-2021) was conducted to identify students with SCD. The student’s record was obtained from either academic record office or medical record office in the institutions for recording of students with SCD. The study recruited participants from six tertiary institutions with a sample size of 384. To complement the questionnaire, two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were held at both the State and federal institutions. Data were analyse with R programming language. The findings of this study revealed that out of the 385 participants, 258 (67%) were male, while 127 (33%) were female. Majority (88%) of the respondents are between the ages of 21-30 years and majority (88%) of the SCD patients frequently experience crisis every 3 months. About 65% of the SCD patients reported missing academic activities between 7 to 10 days in a month. And about 36% of the SCD patients used massage as a means of coping strategy to manage the crisis. The general trend of SCD patient among the undergraduate in tertiary institution of Kaduna state from 2016-2021 is on the reduction stage. Many of the undergraduate SCD patients depend on parent income in the school. Undergraduates of tertiary institutions with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk of underperforming academically as they miss classes and lectures due to rate of crisis occurrence. Many tertiary institutions in Kaduna state do not have data on SCD. It is therefore urgent to establish a data base on SCD and health related issues. It was also found that the academic performance of undergraduate students with SCD was negatively affected, and that they reported missing more days due to the frequency of crisis experienced. Special attention and SCD facilities should be made available in all the health care institutions to tackle the needs of SCD patients among the undergraduate students.
Keywords: Assessment, undergraduate, sickle cell, disease, Kaduna State

A. R. BAKO
ABSTRACT
The increasing emphasis on sustainability in business operations has highlighted the importance of branding and communication in promoting sustainable markets. In Imo State, businesses face challenges such as low consumer awareness, limited financial resources, and skepticism surrounding environmental claims, which impede the adoption of sustainable consumption practices. This study investigates the influence of sustainable branding and communication strategies on consumer perception, trust, loyalty, and the adoption of sustainable consumption behaviours among consumers in Imo State. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Branding and Communication for Sustainable Markets Questionnaire (BCSMQ) from 192 managers, owners, marketing officers, and senior staff of selected businesses using a structured questionnaire validated with a reliability coefficient of 0.91. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient at a 0.05 significance level. Findings reveal that sustainable branding significantly enhances consumer perception, trust, and loyalty, while effective communication strategies significantly encourage consumers to adopt sustainable consumption behaviors. The study concludes that strategic branding and communication are vital tools for fostering sustainable markets, improving consumer engagement, and promoting environmental responsibility. It is recommended that businesses integrate sustainability into their brand identity and adopt multi-channel communication strategies to educate consumers and strengthen sustainable consumption practices. Keywords: Sustainable branding, communication strategies, consumer perception, sustainable consumption, sustainable markets

OGWUCHE GABRIEL SHAIBU
ABSTRACT
Digital learning tools are now integral to improving teaching and learning around the world, but they continue to be disadvantaged by rural and Nigerian schools due to infrastructural and resource limitations. This study assessed the availability, accessibility, and effect of digital learning tools on secondary school learning among rural communities of Southwest Nigeria. A cross-sectional mixed-methods research study involving 400 students and 50 educators was conducted among sampled rural secondary school educators. Data were captured by questionnaire, academic achievement records in English and Mathematics, and semistructured interviews among educators and school managers. Quantitative data were described by descriptive statistics, t-tests and ANOVA test, and multiple regression test. On the other hand, thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data. Results indicate that limited availability exists where the majority identified smartphones (44.8%) and offline elibraries (32.7%) as the most accessible. Some students who owned digital tools significantly outperformed those who did not on English (M = 63.4, SD = 8.2) and Mathematics (M = 59.7, SD = 7.9) by respectively p < 0.01. Regression analysis established the frequency of the use of the tools (AOR = 2.35, p < 0.001), educators' information and communication technology competence (AOR = 1.87, p = 0.002), and internet accessibility (AOR = 1.69, p = 0.008) to be significant predictors that improved performance. Prominent hitches included limited internet accessibility, inconsistent electricity, inadequacy on educators' information and communication technology competence and exorbitant device and data prices. Overcoming the rural–urban digital divide will require investments on information and communications technology infrastructure, directed educators' competency-based training, friendly and accessible costs initiatives and sustainable policies aligned to the rural settings.
Keywords: Digital learning tools, rural education, ICT in schools, academic performance, Southwest Nigeria, digital divide

T. A. ABDUL-HAMEED
ABSTRACT
This paper appraised the implications of Nigeria’s federal system for public policy formulation. It is a public knowledge that Federalism assumes that each tier of government is responsible for designing and implementing policies within its jurisdiction, while recognizing that higher levels may enact policies binding on lower ones. Through the qualitative method utilizing the secondary sources for data collection and contentment analysis for the analysis of data collected, the study examined how policies are made within Nigeria’s democratic and federal environment, considering both the processes and the broader political context shaping decision-making. Beyond analyzing the institutional environment, the paper analyzed how federalism influences policy outcomes and how policy processes affect the stability of the federation. Anchored in the Systems theoretical framework, the study cited examples from all tiers of government, particularly the federal level, which integrates inputs from actors across the federation. Findings show that Nigeria’s policy-making process reflects both cooperation and conflict among levels of government. Policies formulated through adherence to due process tend to enjoy legitimacy and acceptance, while the neglect of procedures often fuels tension, resistance, and implementation challenges. The paper concludes that sustained cooperation, rather than conflict, remains critical for effective and democratic policy-making in Nigeria.
Keywords: Public policy, democracy, federalism, governance, policy making process

EMMANUEL IKECHI ONAH
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the effects of adopting cashless banking and electronic payment systems in Nigeria, identifying the primary challenges and opportunities for the national economy. Using an aggregated approach and descriptive statistical techniques, the research assesses the Central Bank of Nigeria’s cashless policy and examines how electronic money innovations interact with existing economic structures. Findings indicate that while a move toward cashless transactions offers potential efficiency gains and cost savings, its success is constrained by infrastructure deficits (notably unreliable power supply), coordination gaps between fiscal and monetary authorities, and concerns about security and the equitable management of benefits. The paper recommends strengthening physical and digital infrastructure, aligning fiscal and monetary policies, routinely monitoring the performance of different cashless channels, and revising the monetary-policy framework to reflect the economy’s current structure. With these measures—and ongoing attention to inflation management and system security the transition to a largely cashless economy in Nigeria could yield significant advantages despite the risks identified.
Keywords: Payments system, cashless Banking, Nigeria fiscal policy, monetary policy

CHARLES AHANIHU AGUWAMBA
ABSTRACT
This study investigated Serials accessibility by academic staff of the higher institutions a case study of Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education Owerri, and Imo State University Owerri, Imo state. The study covered three objectives and research questions. Questionnaires were used as the instrument for data collection. The population size of 875 from the two institutions while the sample size of 275 academic staff were drawn from the population. Descriptive statistics was used to answer the research questions. The result reported a grand mean of 1.39 indicating that the respondents reported that journals, newspapers and electronic form of serials are the most accessed. That, the staff sources of serials is mostly from their colleagues 53.82 percent, followed by the institution’s library 28.36 percent, then personal subscription 8.72 percent. The study records that inadequate funding for subscription, improper weeding of serial materials by the library management and illegal loan of serials to users formed the major constraints to the accessibility of serial materials by academic staff the institutions under study. The researcher recommended that there is need for more funding, material resources and commitment on the part of the library, the library should also be more involved in cooperative activities with other libraries. Keywords; Serials, academic staff, institutions, accessibility.

NKECHI IGBOKWE
ABSTRACT
Terrorism has become one of the most pressing security challenges in the Sahel, undermining state authority and regional stability. Nigeria and Burkina Faso, two of the region’s most affected states, have adopted predominantly state-led counterterrorism strategies, relying heavily on militarized responses. Yet, despite sustained efforts, insurgent groups such as Boko Haram, ISWAP, and al-Qaeda affiliates remain resilient. The central problem lies in the over-securitization of counterterrorism, which has often neglected governance reforms, human rights, and socio-economic development, thereby weakening state legitimacy. This paper employs a comparative qualitative methodology, drawing on secondary sources including policy documents, scholarly works, and reports, to examine the counterterrorism strategies of Nigeria and Burkina Faso. It adopts securitization theory and the human security framework to analyze the reliance on military force vis-à-vis the neglect of civilian-centered approaches. Findings reveal that while both states have achieved tactical gains, their strategies are undermined by human rights violations, weak institutional capacity, and inadequate community engagement. The study concludes that militarized responses alone are insufficient to address the complex and multidimensional roots of terrorism. In recommendation, lasting security in the Sahel requires integrating force with governance reforms, socioeconomic investment, reintegration programs, inclusive dialogue, and stronger regional cooperation.
Keyword: Counterterrorism, Sahel, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Human Security

DARE ISAAC AKINDOYIN
ABSTRACT
This paper focuses on multidimensional implications of Boko-Haram and armed bandits on socioeconomic development of Northern Nigeria. It is not in contention that nefarious activities of these non-state actors have been the center of security crisis in Nigeria. The implications of these developments have also created complex challenges with a significant impact on food production. Hence, the study adapted secondary sources of data collection. A desk method of data analysis and frustration-aggression theory in discussing the consequences of Islamic radicals and armed bandits in northern states with a significant effect in notable states such as Zamfara, Niger, Kaduna and Kastina, and Borno-States. The study found that the high rate of insecurity in Nigeria, and most worrisome in these states have created untold hardship for people living within, and has continued to impact governance negatively. The paper further argues that there is a wide gap between the citizenry and government security agencies in protecting life and properties. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the dimensional impact of these radicals on socio-economic development of these aforementioned states. The paper concludes that the activities of these group in northern, and more importantly those states mentioned have impacted socio-economic lives of the people in the area which is synonymous to a failed state. The paper therefore recommends the imperative and urgency in technological approach to tackling this ugly trend, strengthening cooperation and engagement of the indigenes by strengthening local security outfit, as well as creation of more employment opportunities for the teaming youths, and good governance. Nigeria should also push for the review of ECOWAS Protocol that guarantee free entry and free exist of member states. This would halt the excesses of terrorism and other forms of criminalities towards enhancing national security and robust socioeconomic development.
Keywords: Armed bandit, socio-economic development, Boko-Haram, insecurity,

ONYEKACHI JUDE ONWUANIBE
ABSTRACT
Strategic leadership is necessary for the successful implementation of the de-radicalization programme targeted at Boko Haram insurgents in the northeast region of Nigeria. This paper uses secondary written documents to examine the radicalization of the northeast by Boko Haram and the place of strategic leadership in the de-radicalization efforts. Boko Haram is radicalizing young people because of enabling factors like poverty, unemployment and illiteracy. The military response to Boko Haram had limited success amidst criticisms of abuses. The de-radicalization programme of Nigeria introduced as non-military response is shrouded in secrecy and faced with suspicion and rejection by the local population. The work concludes that adopting strategic leadership will greatly increase the chances of success of this de-radicalization programme.
Keywords: Radicalization; de-radicalization; Boko Haram; insurgency; strategic leadership.

ESSON ALUMBUGU
ABSTRACT
The conflict in South Sudan exposes a new dimension of modern peace-building where innate political rivalries, fragile institutions, and environmental shocks intersect to frustrate international interventions. Despite the strategic mandate of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), its capacity has been persistently weakened by inadequate funding, poor logistical infrastructure, and the paralyzing effect of divisions within the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). This study interrogates these challenges through the lens of Principal-Agent Theory, situating the tensions between the UN’s directives and the constraints faced by its peacekeepers. Employing a rigorous documentary analysis of official reports, UN resolutions, academic literature, and media accounts, the research pursues three objectives: first, to evaluate the impact of resource insufficiency on UNMISS’s operational effectiveness; second, to examine how South Sudan’s terrain and weak infrastructure exacerbate security and humanitarian limitations; and third, to analyze how UNSC discord constrains coherent responses to urgent needs such as healthcare. Our findings show that low troop morale, restricted mobility, and fragmented international consensus collectively blunt the mission’s effectiveness. The study concludes by advancing targeted recommendations strengthening personnel welfare, investing in infrastructure resilience, and building stronger diplomatic consensus to enhance UNMISS’s ability to support sustainable peace.
Keywords: South Sudan, UNMISS, peacekeeping, UNSC, Principal-Agent Theory

ALITA EMMANUEL CHINAGOROM
ABSTRACT
This study explores the efficacy of microfinance initiatives among women entrepreneurs in the rural markets of Southwest Nigeria where financial exclusion and gender disparity persist. A mixed-methods research style entwined survey data among 350 rural women entrepreneurs with 15 key informant interviews among microfinance officials, leaders of cooperatives, and local stakeholders. Data collection occurred via a structured Likert 4-point questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were examined using descriptive statistics, regression, and ANOVA via SPSS v.26, and thematic content analysis occurred on qualitative data. Results included micro finance's strong improvement on the accessibility to business capital by women, income to households, and savings. Regression analysis validated loan accessibility (β = 0.302), savings mobilization (β = 0.265), and training (β = 0.221) to be the strong predictors of empowerment and repayment pressure to be influencing negatively on empowerment (β = -0.182). ANOVA results identified perceptual group difference where the members of the cooperatives reported higher satisfaction compared to the independent traders. Cross-tabulation also revealed that the women enjoying sustained loan accessibility reported increased business growth rates to the sum of 64% compared to the group without accessibility on the sum to be only 29%. Such results indicate the transformative potential and its structure limitations on microfinance initiatives. Recommendations include genderresponsive loan models, capacity building initiatives, increased regulation on microfinance institutions, and expanded delivery on the basis of the cooperatives to uplift the sustainability. Keywords: microfinance, women entrepreneurs, rural markets, empowerment, financial inclusion, Southwest Nigeria

H. B. BELLO
ABSTRACT
This research explores the potential of indigenous festivals to aid sustainable tourism growth within Southwest Nigeria using the Osun-Osogbo and Egungun festivals as examples. Using a mixed-methods research design involving surveys among 300 respondents and 15 key informant interviews among cultural custodians, tourism officials, and leaders, surveys and interviews used an ordered structured 4-point Likert questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were tested via descriptive statistics and regression through SPSS v.26 and ANOVA, and thematic content analysis on qualitative data. Results showed indigenous festivals play a crucial role in the preservation of culture, economic empowerment, and pride among members. Poor infrastructure and environmental pressure remain significant challenges. Regression analysis validated that cultural preservation (β = 0.278), economic empowerment (β = 0.301), and membership participation (β = 0.226) remain strong predictors of tourism sustainability and explain 51% of the variance. ANOVA results further showed perceptual difference among the stakeholders where the custodians are more positive compared to the tourists who blamed lack of amenities. Attendance records also showed Osun-Osogbo has higher international popularity and Egungun is steadily growing with untapped potential. Infrastructural upgrade is suggested by the study to enhance sustainability alongside an inclusion of members to enhance belonging and adoption of ecofriendly festival culture and inclusion within the cultural tourism policy document within Nigeria.
Keywords: Indigenous festivals, sustainable tourism, cultural preservation, Osun-Osogbo Festival, Egungun Festival, Nigeria

Y. MUBARAK
ABSTRACT
This study examined the impact of democratic governance on socio-economic development in Nigeria from 2015 to 2024. This is predicated upon the assumption that democratic rule advance or foster socio-economic development. The objectives of the study are to examine the impact of democratic governance on socio-economic development, and to evaluate the challenges limiting the effectiveness of democratic governance in promoting socio-economic development in Nigeria. The paper utilized secondary data from reliable sources such as the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), World Bank, Transparency International, and UNDP to analyze trends and patterns. The study adopted the Institutional Theory as its theoretical framework, which emphasizes the role of formal and informal institutions in shaping governance outcomes. The findings show a persistent increase in poverty rates, unemployment, inflation, and high cost of living, alongside sustained corruption, which undermines the benefits of governance reforms. Despite continuous democratic rule, Nigeria's socioeconomic indicators significantly worsened between 2015 and 2024. Poverty rose from 48.3% to 65.5%, unemployment peaked at 33.3%, inflation reached 31.7%, and corruption remained entrenched. The study identifies several challenges, such as bad economic policies, policy inconsistency, corruption, weak institutions, poor accountability mechanisms, and a lack of effective governance, which have hindered socio-economic development in Nigeria. The study concludes that democratic governance in Nigeria has not effectively translated into improved socio-economic conditions. It recommends economic diversification, strengthening institutional frameworks, promoting inclusive economic reforms, enhancing transparency and accountability, tackling inflation and cost of living, and investing in human capital development.
Keywords: Governance, democracy, socio-economic development, Nigeria

Boris Happy ODALONU
ABSTRACT
Globally and West Africa in particular, the need for conflict prevention in the 21st Century has become worthwhile venture because of the phenomena of incessant insecurity and political instability across the region. Specifically, Nigeria as a country has since the beginning of this century been grappling with the experiences of crisscrossing insecurity. The situation has not only hindered national development but steadily threaten the peace and unity of the country. Strategically, peace education has been earmarked as a veritable tool for conflict prevention and sustainable peace. The principal concern and objective of this paper therefore, is to explore the role of peace education in preventing conflicts in Nigeria by highlighting its capacity in addressing the root causes of insecurity and violent actions. Methodologically, qualitative research approach was used in gathering data from secondary sources with the application of trend design to analyze the variables associated with the subject matter. Undoubtedly, the in-depth analyses of current peace initiatives in Nigeria reveals gaps and challenges which this paper is poised to address. Given the situation above, this paper argues that a blue print peace education framework that amalgamates conflict resolution skills, human rights and robust community enlightenment programme are desideratum for conflict prevention and sustainable peace in Nigeria. This paper is anchored on Peace Education Theory as explanatory framework of analysis. In achieving the overall purpose of this paper, a number of salient issues will be discussed under the relevant sections, for both academic convenience and analytical purposes.
Keywords: Peace Education, Conflict Prevention, Nigeria, Sustainable Peace and Insecurity.

OSMOND SUNDAY OBOKE
ABSTRACT
The study focused on innovative research and assessment process: A strategy for improving quality Technical and Vocational Education and Training programmes in Rivers State. Three research questions guided the study. The study adopted survey research design and was carried out in Rivers State. The population for the study was 130 TVET educators in the Department of Technology Education, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rummolemini Port Harcourt and Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku. Simple random sampling technique was used to obtain from the population of TVET educators a sample of 100 TVET educators. A twenty eight item questionnaire was developed and utilized to collect data for the study. The instrument was validated by three experts from Department of Technology Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State. Cronbach alpha reliability method was used to determine the internal consistency of the instrument. The reliability test on the items revealed a coefficient of 0.80. The study found out that effective innovative research and assessment process in TVET programmed is a good strategy to improve the quality of TVET for sustainable national development. TVET educators’ interest in conducting innovative research and assessment is low due to lack of fund, industry-school partnership is a strategy that must be adopted to improve innovative research and assessment process in TVET institutions in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that government should ensure that adequate fund is made available for research and assessment process in all the technical training institutions, industry-school partnership should be encouraged at all levels of TVET programmes in Nigeria.
Keywords: Innovative, research, assessment, strategy, quality, technical education.

VINCENT I. A. AGWI
ABSTRACT
The study examined the nexus between school Principals and effective Community relations in Nigeria; highlighting some major roles Principals play in establishing effective school community relations. The researchers adopted qualitative and content analysis methods that compelled them to gather data from secondary sources. The study examined; school Principals Leadership styles and behaviors that enhance effective school community relations, constraints to cordial school community relations and ways school community relations impact on students learning outcomes. The paper revealed some potential remedies to the factors that hinder Principals realization of effective school community relations. The researchers concluded that appropriate Principal leadership style, behavior and competent administrative knowledge and skills are paramount determinants of conducive school community relations for students’ success. And that some Nigeria secondary schools’ Principals lack positive leadership behaviors as well as adequate administrative knowledge and skills to drive effective school community relationships. Keywords: School headship, education, leadership, community relations, education outcomes.

CHARLES CHIDI EKEADA
ABSTRACT
This study looks at how social governance affects local economic development in the Bida Local Government Area of Niger State. Based on the Social Capital Theory, the study investigates how social networks, trust, and institutional collaboration generate the collective activity required for longterm economic success. To give contextual insights, a mixed-methods methodology was used, with 380 respondents completing quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Data were examined using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test, and interviews helped to improve the interpretation of quantitative results. The study found a statistically significant correlation between social governance practices and economic growth indices (χ² = 1520.000, p = 0.000). Respondents stated that governance changes had helped to create jobs, improve local economic conditions, and increase institutional trust. Civil servants and businesspeople, who dominate the local economy, cited direct gains from governance methods, but minority of respondents were skeptical, implying an unequal distribution of policy effects. Educational differences, with just 25% of respondents completing postsecondary education, indicate further barriers to long-term growth. The study suggests that social governance serves as a catalyst for economic development in Bida, primarily through job creation and improved institutional performance. It calls for increased investment in education and vocational training, more inclusive and transparent policy execution, and stronger collaboration among communities, traditional institutions, and government actors. Increased transparency, accountability, and participatory governance will boost public trust and promote fair development gains for all. Keywords: Social governance, economic development, social capital theory, Bida

IDREES MAHMUD GANA
ABSTRACT
This paper examines human capital migration and its impact on the economic development of southeastern Nigeria. Human capital migration has its implications on the economic development of southeastern region of Nigeria. Social, monetary and technological remittances among others have been identified as some of the benefits that accrue to the region from its diaspora. However, the absence of good demographic, migration and remittance statistics at the regional and national levels makes it difficult to ascertain the number of south-easterners in the diaspora and the volume of their contributions in the form of remittances. It is observed that while migration has helped to relieve the densely populated region of certain problems associated with high population density, it has also led to the depletion of skilled and youthful human capital resources needed for the development of the region. Using historical method, this paper attempts to trace population movement involving individuals from the region as far back as the pre- colonial period. Hinged on human capital, and push and pull theories, the paper suggests among others that there should be a better organised and effective co-ordination and cooperation between the region (south east) and its diaspora (at all levels) to ensure a proper and sustainable socio-economic development of the region. This will make up for the massive migration of skilled human capital from the region. Keywords: Human capital, migration, economic development.

EKERE SUNDAY AKOR
ABSTRACT
This study conducts a comparative analysis of the divergent industrial development paths of Nigeria and South Korea since the 1960s. South Korea, an Asian Tiger, transitioned from an aid-dependent, agrarian economy to a global industrial power, while resource-rich Nigeria to a large extent is still grappling with industrialization. Applying the Developmental State Theory, the study explores how differences in state capacity, industrial policy strategy, and institutional effectiveness account for this profound divergence. Documentary method of data collection was adopted and data sourced majorly from secondary sources. The secondary data collected was analysis ed (statistical data and policy documents) by content analysis. Findings indicate that South Korea‘s success was driven by a disciplined Export-Oriented Industrialization (EOI) strategy, strong state autonomy, targeted investment in human capital, and accountability mechanisms for private firms (e.g., the Chaebols). Conversely, Nigeria's reliance on Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI), coupled with the instability and corruption characteristic of a Rentier State, led to policy inconsistency and a failure to build a competitive manufacturing base. The study concludes that the nature and capacity of the state are the critical differentiating factors and recommends that Nigeria adopt policy consistency, performance-based intervention, and aggressive human capital development strategies.
Keywords: Comparative politic, planning, industrial development, policy strategy, vicious cycle.

VIVIAN UDOKA EJIOGU
ABSTRACT
This study investigated Land Use and Land Capability Studies in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, using geospatial technology. The research employed Geographic Information System (ArcGIS) and remote sensing (Erdas Imagine) techniques, satellite imagery data set of land sat TM, ETM + OLI sensor images of 1986, 2000 and 2018 respectively. Normalized Different Built-up Index (NDBI) was used to extract the built-up areas from the satellite imagery. Land cover maps of the three period were produced using supervised classification methods to place pixels in an image into land use/cover classes to draw useful thematic information. Change detection analysis was used to determine different land use changes between 1986 and 2018. The result showed a generally increased in built-up land by 117.70 square kilometers (50 percent) while bare land/agricultural land use was depleted by 36.93 square kilometers (15.69 percent), primary vegetation decreased by 49.57 square kilometers (21.03 percent), and secondary vegetation decreased by 31.26 square kilometers (13.28 percent) within the period under review. The increase in the built-up land cover is an indication of the growth of the urban area in the study area. From the forgoing, there is need for sustainable land management. Practices which encourages the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices that enhances soil quality and prevent degradation ensuring long-term productivity, integrated land planning which promote a comprehensive land use planning framework that balances urban development with agricultural needs while considering, and policy development which advocate for the formulation of policies that prioritize land capability assessments in decision-making processes for development projects. This will foster ecological balance while meeting the demands of a growing population. Keywords: Land use, land capability studies, urban growth, geospatial technologies, Uyo.

KINGSLEY M. AKPAN
ABSTRACT
This study evaluates the space-time dynamics in rainfall and its implications on hunting livelihood in the Littoral ecological zones (LEZs) of Niger Delta. The specific objectives include to: the trends, oscillations, and level of variations in rainfall patterns among the distinct LEZs and; statistically compare and model the variations in rainfall indices in the distinct LEZs. The study area was stratified into three, comprising the Eastern, Central and Western LEZs. Rainfall data were collected from the three zones using gridded method from 1901 to 2021 (121) climatic years and analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The results of monthly and annual distribution patterns of rainfall depicted disparities among the sampled LEZs. The linearized model using regression with time series revealed that the Western LEZ sustained a positive trend with the annual increase rate of 0.369, while the Eastern and Central LEZs maintained a negative trend with the annual decrease of 3.228 and -1.716 respectively. ANOVA model of variations in rainfall distributions across climatic year intervals give 8.112 and 3.659 that are statistically significant at 0.05 confidence level for the Eastern and Central LEZs. This study concluded that rainfall distribution remained highly dynamics in LEZs over time sequence, with the corresponding negative and positive implications on hunting livelihood and the regional ecosystem. Also, the volatile nature of the study area driven by varying types of water induced geomorphic hazards such as erosion, flood and soil water intrusion on marginal land and it ecosystem have and will continue to affect hunting activities and threaten food security dimensionally. There is paper is calling for more proactive actions to mitigate or avert the impacts of climate change-induced rainfall disasters in the Niger Delta.
Keywords: Climate index, rainfall dynamics, hunting livelihood, littoral zones, Niger Delta

MARY N. EZEMONYE
ABSTRACT
This study evaluates ICT uptake among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) within Southwest Nigeria and the level of digital inclusion, determinants of uptake, and performance outcomes on firms. A mixed-methods research design entwined the surveying of 400 SMEs sampled through multi-stage sampling within six States with interviews conducted on 18 key informants consisting of SME leaders and policy influencer. Data collection entailed the administration of the structured questionnaire developed upon a 4-point Likert scale validated through pilot tests (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87). Quantitative data set out to be examined through descriptive statistical analysis, regression examination, and the Structural Equation Model within SPSS and the SmartPLS through regression analysis and SEM respectively. Thematic analysis characterized qualitative data set to yield contextual information. Relatively high uptake exists on the uptake on digital payments and social media advertising but where advanced applications like cloud services and analytics and CRM systems are not maximally used. Regression analysis demonstrates that performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, digitization skills plus infrastructure quality highly determine uptake but cost and unreliable electricity/internet serve mainly as inhibitions. Uptake on ICT has been realized to boost sales growth, productivity, and market penetration but profitability increments are limited. SMEs need to be targeted with policies to reduce the cost on ICT investments and roll out infrastructure to boost SME digitization. SME association and the providers of the technology can join forces to enhance capacity and trust mechanisms to allow the firm to transit to the uptake on advanced applications. This research avails the evidence on the uptake on the uptake mechanisms on the region that is rarely represented on the review framework and avails the operationalizable inclinations on view to precipitate the digital inclusion and SME commoditization on the region.
Keywords: ICT adoption, SMEs, digital inclusion, technology acceptance, firm performance.

O. F. ADEGBOLA
ABSTRACT
This study investigates that role of data analytics guiding informed administrative decisions in education. The method focuses on the systematic review of study that centered on the application, goals challenges and opportunities in a data based school administration. Findings show that data analytics facilitates administration decision making in resource allocation, students’ academic performances, teacher evaluation and curriculum planning. However, due to poor provision of ICT infrastructure, lack of technical know-how, poor data management and low awareness amongst administrators, hence adoption is limited. This study therefore recommends relevant policy improvements, staff development and the provision of adequate infrastructure. These findings will guide school administrators, policymakers and researchers seeking to enhance administrative efficiency and the quality of learning in schools.
Keywords: Data analytics, decision making, basic education, educational administration, school management.

KELECHI U. NWOSU
ABSTRACT
The ecological health of the agrarian Ivo River Ecosystem was assessed by examining the interactive effects of seasonal hydrology, physicochemical gradients, and pesticide residues. Surface water and biota were sampled during rainy and dry seasons from eight locations. Pesticide residues and persistent organic pollutants were quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), while physicochemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, resistivity) were analyzed following APHA standards. Ecological health was evaluated using biotic abundance, diversity indices, and risk quotients (RQ). Results showed that TDS (36.90 mg/L) and DO (3.09 mg/L) were higher during the rainy season, whereas conductivity and resistivity increased in the dry season. Pesticide concentrations were greater in the dry season, coinciding with reduced aquatic macro-invertebrate diversity, suggesting ecological stress. In contrast, phytoplankton abundance was lower in the rainy season. Benthic macroinvertebrates were dominated by Chironomus sp. larvae, Melanoides tuberculata, and Margaritifera Auricularia, which are species tolerant to pesticide pollution. Overall, the findings demonstrated that the interaction of water quality, season, and pesticide residues controls ecological health in the Ivo River. Pesticide regulation, community sensitization, and continuous monitoring are recommended to safeguard ecosystem health.
Keywords: Seasonal hydrology, physicochemical gradients, pesticide residues, ecological health, Ivo River, freshwater ecology

VICTORIA ONYEBUCHI ASIEGBU
ABSTRACT
Machine learning algorithms like artificial neural networks (ANN) are capable of providing accurate predictions of crop yields based on climatic variables. Meteorological data and Soya beans yield from 2010 to 2023 were obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Kano Agricultural and Rural Development Agency (KNARDA) respectively. The ANN algorithm was used in predicting Soya beans yield based on the dataset of the climatic variables. Seven climatic variables (Rainfall, Maximum, temperature, Minimum temperature Relative humidity, Sunshine hours, Wind speed and direction) were used as input neurons for the ANN algorithm. The maximum prediction for Soya beans yield in ANN model was gotten in 6 hidden neurons. The highest prediction was obtained with an Rsquare (R2) of 0.99 (99%) for the training and validation having an R2 of 0.80 (80%). While the training and validation it is a perfect linear graph which shows that the actual variable is the same as the predicted variable, also the actual value and the predicted result correlate much which gives a perfect linear graph. The study indicated that the model is very reliable and statistically significant in predicting the variability of Soya beans yield. Therefore, based on the training and validation, it is a perfect linear graph which shows same values for both the actual and predicted variables. Findings from the study reveals that the ANN has the capacity of identifying patterns in historical data and can make prediction of Soya beans yield variability possible. This study therefore recommends its use in supporting the development of management practices that are best adapted to climate variability and provides an insight on how to reduce risks associated with reduction in crop yield. Keywords: Crop yield, soyabeans, ANN, climate Variability, Prediction

ABDULRAZAK TIJJANI KURA
ABSTRACT
Over the years, the Nigerian economy has been supported in various ways including, through subsidies on fuel, education, electricity, and forex. The removal of subsidy on fuel in Nigeria has raised concerns about its impact on vulnerable populations. This study examines the effects of subsidy removal on poverty, hunger, and livelihoods, focusing on rising food prices, household budgets, and socioeconomic well-being. Using a mixed-method approach, the study integrates quantitative and qualitative data to assess the implications of subsidy removal. Data were collected from 784 respondents through a multistage sampling technique, and the Chi-square test was used to analyze significant relationships between key variables. Findings reveal that over 70% of the population faces severe poverty, hunger, and starvation due to the sharp rise in food and fuel prices. Households struggle to afford basic needs, access healthcare, and provide education for their children. The removal of fuel subsidies has led to worsening economic conditions, making daily survival increasingly difficult. While government intervention programs exist, their effectiveness is hindered by lack of transparency and limited reach. This study highlights the urgent need for policy reforms to ensure social safety nets are effective in mitigating the economic strain on low-income households. Without strategic interventions, the removal of subsidies will further entrench poverty and economic instability in Nigeria. Keywords: Subsidy removal, fuel, poverty, hunger, starvation.

SULEIMAN AKILU
ABSTRACT
The important place of women in contribution to national development is not limited to the maintaining of the households and child bearing as it has over the years metamorphosed into greater spheres of life such as leadership positions; thus this study was undertaken to examine the role of women in leadership position and their contribution to sustainable development in Nigeria for the period 1990-2023 as the scope of the study. To carry out this research study, data were sourced from the World Bank online data base (2023) and these variables included: quality of public administration index, proportion of women in leadership position, gender equality index as the explanatory variables; while sustainable development was the dependent variable. The dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) was used as the method of data analysis. From the DOLS model analysis, it was discovered that all the explanatory variables were statistically only quality of public administration was statistically significant in the short run and long run at the 5% level of significance; while public sector management and corruption control indices were statistically insignificant in the long run at the 5% level of significance. The granger causality test result showed no direct causal relationship between contribution of women in leadership position and sustainable development. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the government should through the instrument of good public administration; encourage women to assume more positive role in the society by increasing the proportion of women to assume public offices; The problem associated with gender-based selection should be looked into and tackled head on to keep women in the seat of development by engaging their expertise in various fields, especially in leadership positions where they have a lot to contribute and lastly, corruption control should be addressed as a priority in Nigeria. This is because corruption has been the bane of sustainable development in Nigeria. Keywords: Gender equality, women in polity, public administration, ordinary least squares, Sustainable Development,

SUNDAY KALU
ABSTRACT
Road Safety Education (RSE) is a low-cost high impact approach to reducing Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) and enhancing public safety. This paper explores the concepts of RSE, its objectives and importance. It critically analyzes theoretical frameworks underpinning RSE. The paper synthesizes recent evidence on Nigeria’s RTA burden, evaluates the effectiveness of RSE interventions, identifies implementation barriers, and recommends scalable strategies for policy and practice. Methods include a structured literature review of the peer-reviewed studies and policy reports, and analysis of national datasets and country profiles from authoritative bodies. Results show Nigeria bears a disproportionate share of road traffic fatalities and injuries driven by speeding, risky driving, poor vehicle maintenance, road way deficiencies, and weak post-crash care. Empirical studies demonstrate that targeted RSE integrated within schools, driven-training programmes and community campaigns-improves knowledge, attitudes and self-reported safety behaviors, and can reduce crash risk when combined with enforcement and safer infrastructure. However, gaps in program coverage, inconsistent curricula, limited funding, data weaknesses, and low institutional coordination undermine impacts. To accelerate progress, Nigeria should adopt a national RSE framework aligned with the decade of Action for Road Safety, strengthen data systems, institutionalize RSE in formal education and licensing and secure sustainable financing. With coordinated action across sectors, scaled RSE can contribute substantially to lowering RTAs and improving population safety in Nigeria. Urgent political commitment is essential. Keywords: Road safety education, road traffic accidents, public safety, prevention, Nigeria,

GETRUDE CHINYERE ALEXIUS-UGWULEBO
Abstract
People‟s willingness to communicate with others that are not from their cultural backgrounds, conceptualized as intercultural willingness to communicate (IWTC), is important for building peaceful societies and resolving conflicts. Consequently, factors influencing IWTC, especially among youths in Nigeria, deserve to be studied, but they often do not attract much attention among communication scholars. Therefore, this study assessed the predictive influence of ethnocentrism, xenophobia, and intercultural communication apprehension on IWTC among Yoruba youths in southwest Nigeria. Furthermore, the study assessed the nature of relationships among ethnocentrism, xenophobia, and intercultural communication apprehension. The study was a survey in which 353 Yoruba youths (aged 16 – 35) participated. The Structural Equation Model analysis results showed that intercultural communication apprehension negatively predicted IWTC (β =.-15; p = .02), while ethnocentrism did not predict it (β = -15; p > .05). Also, the results showed that a positive relationship exists between ethnocentrism and xenophobia (r = .56; p < .001), between ethnocentrism and intercultural communication apprehension (r = .55; p < .001), and between xenophobia and intercultural communication apprehension (r = .43; p < .001). Keywords: Intercultural willingness, communication, ethnocentrism, xenophobia, intercultural communication apprehension, Yoruba youths.

OLUWASEUN AYOMIPO
ABSTRACT
This study critically examines the political economy of resource allocation and ethnic balancing in Kogi State, Nigeria, a state marked by its complex ethno-regional diversity and intense contestation over access to political power and public resources. Drawing on elite theory and the framework of distributive politics, the research explores how successive administrations in Kogi State have navigated the competing interests of the three major ethnic groups namely Igala, Ebira, and Okun in the distribution of appointments, infrastructural projects, and social investments. Through analyses of budget documents, official records, and key informant interviews, the study uncovers patterns of selective favoritism, regional disparities in capital allocation, and the strategic use of ethnicity for political consolidation. It also identifies how these practices affect governance, inter-group relations, and perceptions of equity within the state. The findings reveal that although efforts at ethnic balancing are often rhetorically acknowledged, actual resource distribution tends to reflect prevailing political alignments rather than equitable need-based considerations. The research underscores the role of institutional reforms, inclusive budgeting, and transparent governance in mitigating the zero-sum nature of ethno-political competition. By illuminating the intersection between identity politics and economic decision-making, the study contributes to broader debates on federalism, equity, and democratic development in multiethnic societies. Recommendations are made for policy frameworks that promote merit-based appointments, proportional representation, and development planning that bridge ethnic divides for sustainable peace and inclusive growth in Kogi State. Keywords: Resource allocation, ethnic balancing, political economy, distributive politics

UGBEDE DAVID ATADOGA
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between financial rewards on employee productivity and motivation of pharmaceutical firms in Port Harcourt. Employee productivity and motivation are critical determinants of organizational success, particularly in dynamic and knowledge-driven industries such as pharmaceuticals. For the purpose of this research, a cross sectional research design was adopted. Fundamentally, the Population of this work comprises customers of Two hundred and sixty two pharmaceutical distribution firms in Port Harcourt, Rivers State as enlisted on Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria. The sample size of the study is 158 and the study adopted convenience sampling method to administer 2 copies of the questionnaire to the customers of each pharmaceutical distribution firms (2 X 158), making a total of 316 copies of questionnaire. The primary data that was obtained from the field using the questionnaire was presented in tables, and simple statistical percentage method will be used to process the data and the result interpreted. The study data was analysed using statistical package for social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. specifically the spearman rank Correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses and determine the strength and direction of relationships between financial rewards, employee motivation, and productivity. According to the study, employee productivity in pharmaceutical companies is significantly positively correlated with financial rewards. The following recommendations are put forth in light of the study's findings to guarantee equity and openness; pharmaceutical companies should examine and harmonize their pay structures. Again companies should create transparent performance evaluation procedures that link quantifiable performance metrics to monetary incentives and bonuses given to staff members. Keywords: Incentives, salary increment, employee productivity, employee motivation, financial rewards, pharmaceutical firms

NNENNA NANCY CHUKWUMA

Publications Phase 3: July 2025

VOL. 2 ISSUE 2, JULY 2025

No matter the task, we’re dedicated to finding solutions that work for our clients and help them attain results.

ABSTRACT
Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) have become an essential response to Nigeria’s massive
infrastructure gaps, especially in health, power, and transportation. However, navigating the
PPP terrain isn’t without challenges. Procurement under PPPs is often slowed down by weak
institutions, poor technology usage, financial constraints, and corruption. This study explored
how these obstacles shape procurement outcomes in Nigeria's PPP efforts. Drawing from the
views of 391 stakeholders engaged in PPP projects—particularly across Ghana’s
infrastructure space—we analyzed key bottlenecks using descriptive statistics and one
sample t-tests. The results were striking: corruption (t= 57.217, p < 0.001) and capacity gaps
significantly hurt procurement efficiency. Slow tech adoption further dampens transparency
and execution. All five problem areas tested proved statistically relevant (p < 0.001). For
Nigeria to benefit from PPPs as a sustainable path to infrastructure growth, deep structural
reform is needed—particularly in reducing corruption, strengthening institutions, and
embracing e-procurement and financial innovation. Countries like Nigeria can’t afford to
delay these changes, as they hold the key to unlocking transparent partnerships and successful
infrastructure delivery.
Keywords: Public procurement, public-private partnerships, institutional capacity, corruption
in infrastructure projects-procurement technology, procurement reform.

SUNDAY MORDI
ABSTRACT
The research investigated Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and job
performance among senior non-teaching personnel at Alvan Ikoku Federal College of
Education, Owerri. The use of ICT has supplanted traditional equipment utilised by personnel
to execute their everyday tasks, leading to office automation and a paperless environment.
Since the implementation of ICTs, there are assertions that it has improved job performance.
Nonetheless, the accuracy of this argument remains unverified, and there is minimal or no
rigorous investigation supporting it. In this context, this paper poses the following questions:
Does the adoption of ICTs improve job performance among senior non-teaching staff at
AIFCE, Owerri, during the study period? Additionally, does the use of ICT facilities equally
enhance job performance for male and female senior non-teaching staff? The study utilised
sociotechnical system theory and appropriately adopted a survey research approach. The data
were obtained from primary and secondary sources. The acquired data were examined using
the chi-squared test. The findings indicated that the adoption of ICTs improved job
performance among senior non-teaching personnel at AIFCE, and that the utilisation of ICT
facilities similarly benefitted job performance for both male and female employees. The
study advises that the college administration should guarantee sufficient availability of
contemporary ICT resources and promote the enhancement of staff ICT proficiency.
Keywords: Information, communication technology, job performance, non-teaching staff
development

Cornel Chinedu Uzodinma Udumaga
ABSTRACT
Social media has become a vital source of support for many groups, including first-time
mothers. Social media platforms provide accessible, empathetic, and practical support,
especially for mothers lacking traditional support systems. These platforms help alleviate
feelings of isolation, offer peer-to-peer advice, and foster a sense of community that aids in
emotional resilience. This study investigates the role of social media in enhancing the well?
being of new mothers by examining four types of support: informational, emotional,
instrumental, and appraisal. Each type addresses unique maternal needs, from practical advice
to validation and encouragement. Using a quantitative approach, survey data was collected
from 385 first-time mothers in Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Findings reveal that appraisal, emotional, and instrumental support obtained through social
media significantly positively impact mothers' well-being, promoting confidence, mental
health, and satisfaction during early motherhood. Conversely, while valuable, informational
support does not show a statistically significant influence on well-being, suggesting that
knowledge alone may not fully address first-time mothers' emotional and psychological
needs. The implications suggest that healthcare providers and policymakers should consider
social media as a complementary tool for maternal support and recommend structuring online
programs to emphasise emotional, appraisal, and instrumental support.
Keywords: First-time mothers, Social Media Support, Well-being, Information Support

Qaribu Yahaya Nasidi
ABSTRACT
Grievance resolution timeliness is a critical component of procedural justice, significantly
shaping employee perceptions of fairness and trust within an organization. This study
investigated the influence of employee position and state of employment on the perceived
timeliness of grievance resolution within government ministries and parastatals in Nigeria. A
cross-sectional survey design was employed, with data collected from 319 employees across
20 selected public institutions in Imo and Delta States. The hypotheses were tested using a
Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results revealed a statistically significant
main effect for employee position on perceived timeliness, F(3, 289) = 9.570, p = .000,
indicating that perceptions differ across organizational ranks. A post hoc analysis confirmed a
hierarchical pattern, with management staff (M = 3.26) perceiving significantly faster
resolution than junior (M = 2.55) and casual staff (M = 2.37). However, the study found no
significant difference in perceived timeliness between employees in Imo and Delta States,
F(1, 289) = 0.963, p = .327, and no significant interaction effect between employee position
and state, F(3, 289) = 0.243, p = .866. The study concludes that an employee's position is a
key determinant of their experience with grievance resolution, highlighting a systemic
inequity in the public sector that is consistent across different states.
Keywords: Grievance resolution, perceived timeliness, employee position, organizational
justice, public sector.

Okowa Juliet Amaechi
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the potential of electronic procurement (e-procurement) to enhance
project success in Nigeria. The traditional manual procurement system in the Nigerian public
sector faces challenges such as delays, corruption, and lack of transparency, prompting the
need for a digital shift, and justifying this investigation. The study’s objectives include
identifying critical e-procurement technologies, assessing implementation prospects,
examining adoption barriers, and highlighting key drivers. A descriptive quantitative research
design was adopted, incorporating a literature review, structured interviews, and a survey of
100 respondents selected via stratified random sampling from a population group of 150. The
Relative Importance Index (RII) was used for ranking variables, and Spearman’s correlation
assessed relationships among responses. Findings revealed common e-procurement tools such
as email, websites/Web 2.0, ERP systems, EDI, software applications, and cloud computing,
with email being the most used (RII = 0.91). Five prospects, barriers, and drivers were
identified and ranked. Good governance emerged as a key factor in minimizing bidder
collusion, while lack of top management support was a major barrier. Procurement
compliance was noted as a critical driver. The study found that e-procurement can enhance
public procurement efficiency and project outcomes. This research recommends promoting
tool adoption, reinforcing governance structures, securing leadership support, and enforcing
compliance to ensure successful e-procurement implementation in Nigeria.
Keywords: E-procurement, Project success, Barriers to e-procurement, Prospects of e-
procurement, Drivers for e-procurement

C. C. Inwere
ABSTRACT
In order to improve health status and reap the benefits associated with healthy population,
government and policymakers increased budgetary allocation to health sector in Nigeria.
Despite the increased budgetary allocation and rising total health spending, health outcomes
remain relatively poor in Nigeria, thus the need to examine the relationship between health
expenditure and health outcomes. This study investigates the effect of health expenditure on
infant mortality in Nigeria. The Grossman theory provided the theoretical framework for the
study. The study considered infant mortality rate as a measure of health outcome, total health
expenditure, gross domestic product per capita, and carbon emission. All variables were
tested for time series properties using Augmented Dickey Fuller and Philip Peron.
Cointegration among the series was established using Autoregressive Distributive Lag
(ARDL) bound test approach. The ARDL approach allows short run and long run impact of
health expenditure on infant mortality in Nigeria. Data were sourced from World Bank
database and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. Total health spending had
significant negative effect on infant mortality in the short run and long run. The estimated
error correction term is negative and statistically significant, meaning that the model was
adjusted back to equilibrium in the long run at a speed of 08.00%. Gross Domestic Product
per capita is negative and statistically significant in explaining rate of infant mortality.
Increased health expenditures reduced infant mortality in Nigeria. Policymakers should
consider a more targeted and efficient allocation of healthcare resources, develop and
encourage the production base of the economy in other to improve GDP per capita.
Keywords: Total health expenditure, Health outcomes, Infant mortality, Nigeria

Linda Mary Joseph
ABSTRACT
This research investigated the effects of e-procurement adoption on public construction
projects in Akwa Ibom State. The study utilized mixed method, that is, quantitative and
qualitative techniques. A statistical software, SPSS version 2.0 was used for regression
analysis to evaluate the relationships between e-procurement adoption (x1) and its effect on
cost efficiency, project completion time, and quality improvement(y), based on primary data
obtained through administered structured questionnaire from 100 procurement stakeholders.
The hypotheses tested revealed no statistically significant relationship between e?
procurement adoption and cost efficiency. The R-squared value was 0.046, indicating that
4.6% of the variation in quality improvement scores was explained by e-procurement
adoption. Therefore, the hypotheses were rejected at p- value of 0.05 significance level. The
study revealed that the level of e-procurement adoption in the public construction projects in
Akwa Ibom State was still at its nascent stage. The study concluded that the benefits of e?
procurement are contingent upon a supportive environment that includes strong institutional
capacity, well-developed policies and comprehensive project management practices. These
results suggested that while e-procurement holds potential for improving public procurement
processes, its effectiveness is influenced by several factors beyond the technology itself, such
as governance, operational efficiency, and broader systemic challenges. Also, the research
findings indicates that the level of e-procurement adoption on public construction projects in
Akwa Ibom State is still in its nascent stage. Based on the above findings, it is recommended
that the government should put steps in place to upgrade internet connections, subsidize
software cost, and facilitate access to technology as well as frequent training and retraining of
procurement employees in Akwa Ibom state.
Keywords: construction industry, e-procurement adoption, operational efficiency, quality
improvement, projects.

E. A. Udo
ABSTRACT
This study examines how optimizing sales contract frameworks can improve procurement efficiency
among fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) distributors in Owerri, Imo State. The research
addresses persistent challenges in contract structuring, pricing mechanisms, dispute
resolution, and regulatory compliance that undermine procurement performance. Using a
mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative analysis of survey data with
qualitative insights from key informant interviews and document reviews. Descriptive
statistics revealed low variability in contract structuring and automation, suggesting
widespread but uniform adoption. Payment terms showed greater inconsistency, indicating
instability in financial agreements. Pearson correlation results highlighted a positive
relationship between structured contracts and automation (r = 0.742), while rigid contracts
were negatively associated with effective dispute resolution (r = -0.786). Thematic analysis
emphasized the importance of contract flexibility, legal compliance, automation tools, and
adaptive pricing mechanisms. Document review confirmed that 65% of contracts included
price stabilization clauses, and most payment terms ranged between 30–60 days. Dispute
resolution typically relied on arbitration, promoting out-of-court settlements. The study
concludes that well-structured, automated, and compliant contracts enhance procurement
efficiency and supply chain stability. It recommends standardized contract templates, timely
payments, and regular reviews to ensure responsiveness to market and regulatory shifts.
Keywords: Procurement Efficiency, Sales Contract Framework Optimization, FMCG, Legal
Compliance, Automation

Nnenna B. Okoro
ABSTRACT
Stakeholders‟ engagement in construction project remains a key tool for addressing
environmental and social risks management of project delivery. The World Bank
environmental and social framework article ten, emphasizes the objectives and key
requirement for stakeholders‟ engagement in any project if we must achieve ecofriendly
cities, communities and human settlements, which are safe, resilient and sustainable.
Consequently, the study assesses the vital role of involving stakeholders in mitigating
environmental and social risks of project with a view at improving environmental and social
performance index in Uyo and environs. The study employed a two-pronged approach to
acquire data in line with the study‟s objectives. It adopted inferential and descriptive
statistical techniques to investigate the level of impact of selected environmental and social
risks to project delivery, the Stakeholders and their importance in the mitigation process, the
frequency in which they are involved and their benefits. Results of the study showed heavy
impact of environmental and social risks on project delivery and recommended the early
involvement of community locals as critical stakeholders in the project life cycle,
establishment of a monitoring and evaluation system for environmental and social risks of
project. It identified stakeholders important to projects and advocates a comprehensive
stakeholder management plan that outline concerns and interest in a project. These promote
informed decision-making and guaranteed an end user‟s participation approach in project
implementation. It also enables construction experts to assess and timely manage
environmental and social risks, comply with regulations, maintain a good reputation with
stakeholders and promote sustainable practices during construction.
Keywords: Environmental and social risks, project delivery, stakeholders, mitigation
process.

G. N. Edet
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the impact of stakeholders’ engagement on successive project
delivery in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study employed a quantitative research design. A
sample size of 133 respondents was drawn from a population of 200 procurement
professionals. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were applied to analyze data of the study.
Research hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 of significance. The p-values
obtained are: 0.012; 0. 040; 0.030; 0.032; 0.032; and 0. 015. Conclusions made by the study
include: a significant relationship exists between stakeholders’ engagement and successive
project delivery in Nigeria; and that a significant relationship exists between severity index
analysis of the factors affecting stakeholders’ engagement and successive project delivery in
Nigeria. Recommendations proposed by the study include: prior to beginning any project,
organizations must develop a comprehensive plan for engaging stakeholders. The study made
contributions to knowledge by providing empirical evidence supporting the critical role of
stakeholder engagement in the successful delivery of projects; and the study provides
practical guidelines and recommendations that project managers can apply to enhance
stakeholder engagement in their projects. The study’s outcome will be beneficial to both the
academic literature and practical application, by providing a foundation for organizations
aiming to improve their level “stakeholder engagement” and participation in project delivery
across Nigeria.
Keywords: ANOVA, execution, stakeholder engagement, quantitative test, project delivery.

Juliet Amaka Emodi
ABSTRACT
The study examined ―Developing a Framework for Integrating Circular Economy Principles
into Public Procurement‖. The study aimed to develop a comprehensive framework for
integrating circular economic principles into public procurement processes in Nigeria, using a
case study approach to explore practical applications and outcomes. The study employed a
mixed research design comprising quantitative data and case study approach. The quantitative
aspect utilized a sample size of 110 respondents who were drawn from a population of 150
procurement professionals. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were applied to analyze the
quantitative data. Two research hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of
significance. The p-values obtained are: 0.01; 0.00; 0.28 and 0.49 respectively. H01 was
rejected, while H02 was accepted. The results show that: there are potential positive impacts
of integrating circular economy principles into public procurement on sustainability in
Nigeria; and a novel framework was developed to facilitate the integration of circular
economy principles into public procurement practices in Nigeria. The study recommends
among others, training and capacity building of procurement professionals who are to
implement ―Circular Economy‖ principles. The study contributed by developing a framework
that public sector organizations can use to integrate circular economy principles into their
procurement processes.
Keywords: Circular economy; regulatory compliance; capacity building; resource efficiency;
community engagement.

S.B. IMO
ABSTRACT
Flooding is a persistent and escalating hazard globally, with profound socio-economic
consequences, particularly in flood-prone regions such as Kogi State, Nigeria. This study
aims to assess the effectiveness of a flood early warning system (FEWS) and risk reduction
strategies in mitigating flood impacts in flood-prone communities of Kogi State. The research
employs a mixed-methods approach, combining Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for
flood risk mapping and community-based participatory assessments. The study investigates
key factors influencing flood vulnerability, including socio-economic characteristics of
residents, community awareness, preparedness, and the role of Flood Vanguards. GIS-based
flood vulnerability maps were developed based on factors such as land use, elevation,
rainfall, and proximity to water bodies, highlighting significant flood-prone zones. A multi?
stage sampling technique was used to select 12 communities across six local government
areas (LGAs), with data collected through household surveys, Key Informant Interviews
(KIIs), Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and field observations. The findings indicate a high
vulnerability to flooding in low-lying areas with dense human activity and poor drainage
systems. Additionally, community-based initiatives, particularly the Flood Vanguards, have
shown potential in enhancing preparedness and response. The study concludes that
integrating GIS-based risk assessments with community-driven flood management strategies
can significantly improve flood resilience in Kogi State. The findings provide insights into
the need for targeted flood mitigation measures that address technical and community-based
aspects of flood risk management.
Keywords: Flood early warning system, GIS, flood vulnerability, community-based flood
management, flood vanguards, risk reduction strategies.

H. O. John-Nwagwu
ABSTRACT
This study examines how social media usage influences the academic outcomes of students in
the Social Studies Department of the Federal College of Education, Eha-Amufu. As digital
communication platforms increasingly shape student behaviour and learning environments,
concerns have arisen regarding their potential to disrupt academic focus. Adopting a
descriptive survey methodology, the study collected data from 146 respondents using
structured questionnaires. Findings indicate that while social media platforms such as
WhatsApp and Facebook facilitate peer interaction and knowledge sharing, they also pose
significant distractions, particularly by reducing study time and concentration. The paper
concludes by recommending digital literacy initiatives, responsible usage awareness, and
academic support interventions to help mitigate the adverse effects of social media on
students' educational achievement.
Keywords: Social media, Academic performance, High education institute, Social Studies
Department, Nigeria

Boris Happy ODALONU
ABSTRACT
Sustainability of agricultural lands ensures sustainable crop production. Continuous
monitoring of the already impoverished soil fertility status of farm lands and producing a
digitize soil fertility and suitability maps will be a step toward redefining the farm
management practices adoption by farmers in the bid to sustain soil fertility and improve crop
yield. This study aimed at assessment of the soil fertility status of agricultural lands and
establishing the land suitability map of the area. The LGA was purposively chosen as a pilot
study and soils were collected from the two Chiefdoms, namely Kagoro and Moroa. Soil
samples were collected and composite from agricultural lands within a soil depth of 0-20cm.
The sampling produced 12 samples of soils from cultivated and uncultivated lands, while 6
soil samples were collected from dug pit profiles. The collected soils were taken to laboratory
for analyses. The result of the textural class of the soils was loamy to sandy loam soil in
nature. The pH ranged from 6.6 to 7.3 percent. EC was low (2-4ds/m) to non-saline (0-
2ds/m), total nitrogen (0.2-1.0 percent), organic carbon (
(12 Meq/100g).
The soil parameters were within acceptable and favorable threshold limits considered ideal
and good for the cultivation and sustenance of plant growth. The suitability rating for crop
production was found to be moderate (S2), marginal (S3) and non-suitable (N1) due to
certain constraints. The study recommends that for agricultural lands to be sustained, the soil
fertility constraints should be addressed by adopting appropriate cultural practices including
organic manuring, mulching, planting of legumes and cover cropping among others.
Similarly, sustainable practices that will help to mitigate any negative findings should be
implemented.
Keywords: Soil; fertility; agricultural lands; suitability, sustainability

R. A. Bonet
ABSTRACT
This study explores optimal budgeting practices for procurement departments in public sector
institutions, using the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement
Agency (NESREA) in Nigeria as a case study. Employing a mixed-methods research design
that integrates surveys and interviews, this study examines critical inefficiencies in the
procurement budgeting process of NESREA. These inefficiencies encompass delays in
approval workflows, misalignment with strategic objectives, inaccuracies in data, and
inadequate responsiveness to market fluctuations. The research is anchored in the
frameworks of Public Choice Theory, Resource-Based View, and Performance-Based
Budgeting, which elucidate the institutional, behavioral, and operational challenges
identified. The findings indicate that while NESREA exhibits moderate effectiveness and
compliance, there are evident deficiencies in transparency, risk management, and
interdepartmental coordination. Based on empirical evidence, the study advocates for the
digitization of approval processes, improved interdepartmental communication, the adoption
of automated budgeting tools, the establishment of contingency reserves, and a closer
alignment of budgeting efforts with national development goals. These recommendations are
intended to enhance procurement performance, financial accountability, and strategic
coherence. The implications of this study extend beyond NESREA, providing practical
insights for broader public financial management reform in Nigeria. It contributes to the body
of knowledge by linking theoretical models with practical applications and offering a
context-specific framework for improving budgeting practices in environmental and
regulatory public institutions.
Keywords: Public procurement, budgeting practices, NESREA, strategic alignment,
government compliance, data reliability.

C. C. Nwanze
ABSTRACT
Public procurement plays a pivotal role in shaping economic development and governance,
particularly within emerging economies such as Nigeria. The Public Procurement Act (PPA)
of 2007 was instituted to reform Nigeria’s procurement system by enhancing transparency,
competitiveness, and accountability. This study employs a mixed-methods approach to
evaluate the Act’s effectiveness, integrating survey data from 200 procurement stakeholders
across federal Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) in Abuja with in-depth
interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative analyses, including regression and chi?
square tests, indicate moderate awareness of the Act but underscore significant
implementation challenges, notably political interference, capacity gaps, weak legal
enforcement, and limited adoption of digital tools. The Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP)
is constrained by insufficient autonomy and resources, leading to inconsistent compliance.
Although PPA provides a robust legal framework, its practical impact is impeded by systemic
institutional weaknesses and informal practices. The study recommends enhancing
enforcement capacity, increasing the adoption of e-procurement, and developing a specialized
procurement cadre. The findings contribute to the literature on procurement governance and
propose reform pathways to improve procurement efficiency and public trust in Nigeria.
Keywords: Public Procurement Act, procurement reform, BPP, governance, transparency,
corruption

M. I. Abanobi
ABSTRACT
Insecurity in Nigeria is becoming a recurrent event. The activities of perpetrators of
insecurity have implications on food security. Imo State, in South East Nigeria, has
experienced several cases of insecurity. This study therefore, examines the effects of
insecurity on food security in Imo State. The specific objectives include: to find out the
causes of insecurity in Imo State, assess the effect of insecurity on agricultural activities in
Imo State, determine how insecurity affect food availability and nutrition in Imo State, find
out how insecurity affect food prices in Imo State, explore the strategies for enhancing food
security in Imo State. The study was guided by the Frustration Aggression Theory. The study
used the quantitative survey research design. Taro Yamane formula was adopted for sample
size determination. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select sample size of
369 who were given copies of questionnaire to fill and submit. However, only 363 were
retrieved for analysis. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Data was
analyzed using both inferential and non-inferential statistical tools. Findings also revealed the
effect of insecurity on agricultural activities in Imo State to include; inability to access farms,
insecurity influences decision to invest in agricultural inputs, insecurity has negative effect on
agricultural activities. Findings also revealed how insecurity affects food prices by causing
rapid increase in food price, the instability in food prices, due to constant surge in food prices
during periods of insecurity, insecurity influences availability of affordable food options. The
study recommended that government should address the root causes of insecurity in order to
avert insecurity which usually has effect on food security. It was further recommended that
government should establish food security agency to coordinate food security issue. This
study contributes to knowledge by establishing the factors that causes insecurity in Imo State
and also proffered workable solutions.
Keyword: Insecurity; aggression; food security; food prices; quantitative; and affordable

C.N. Moses
ABSTRACT
Rapid urbanization driven by population growth in many cities like Lagos State continues to
put pressure on available state resources. One of these critical resources are emergency
services provided by the police, fire services and hospitals. This study evaluated the
distribution of these facilities in Lagos Mainland LGA and assessed the perception of
residents on service quality, while also examining challenges to optimum delivery from the
perspective of providers. Field surveys to acquire the locational coordinates of facilities and
social surveys to collect perception data were carried out. Four (4) police stations and general
hospitals each, and three (3) fire stations were identified. Fire incidents were the most
significant emergencies experienced by residents and about 77 percent requested for service
through phone calls to providers. Inadequate resources and equipment were the primary
challenges identified by providers (50 percent) and as expected, 44 percent suggested
investment in equipment upgrade as the urgent intervention required. The study
recommended collaboration with private providers to augment emergency service among
others.
Keywords: Emergency, Perception, Service, Response, Collaboration

Adebola Oluwatimilehin DARAMOLA
ABSTRACT
The widespread public backlash that followed Nigerian Education Ministry on fixing the age
of students for terminal examinations such WAEC, NECO and UTME at 18 years was
intense. Even though the decision has been reversed, it became imperative to conduct an
empirical study on the cognitive and affective capabilities of the 16 years old students who
currently occupied the terminal classes in Nigeria secondary schools toward ascertaining their
readiness for these examinations. Judging from the perspective of the secondary school
physics teachers, this study examined the cognitive and affective capabilities of 16 years old
SS3 physics students in relation to their readiness for these examinations. The study
employed a descriptive survey design and utilized a validated four-point Likert scale
questionnaire titled ―Physics Teachers' Perception on Physics Students’ Cognitive and
Affective Capabilities (PHYTEPS-CAC)‖ for data gathering via the Science Teachers
Association of Nigeria (STAN) platform. The ―google form‖ questionnaire with reliability
coefficient of 0.82 which was computed through Cronbach Alpha was distributed virtually to
163 physics teachers who were selected through convenient sampling technique. The
collected data was analysed using the descriptive statistics of percentages, mean and standard
deviations while the hypotheses raised were answered using t-test and ANOVA at 0.05
significance level. Although, the perceptions of the teachers were influenced by factors such
as academic qualifications, school ownership and location, it was revealed that students
below 18 years benchmark have the cognitive and affective capabilities to take WAEC,
NECO and UTME. Such students should be barred from taking terminal examination.
Keywords: Cognitive, affective, capabilities, terminal examinations, benchmark policy

Jamiu Oluwadamilare AMUSA
ABSTRACT
Selecting the right contractual model is essential for the success of construction projects. This
paper reviews commonly used models such as Design-Bid-Build (DBB), Unit Price,
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), and Public-Private Partnership (PPP), pointing out their
strengths and weaknesses, as well as their fit for different project conditions. This study
adopted a mixed-methods approach that included a literature review, surveys, and expert
interviews to assess these models based on criteria like cost, time, risk allocation, quality, and
stakeholder collaboration. The results indicate that while traditional models like DBB are still
widely used, innovative approaches like IPD and PPP are gaining popularity in tackling
modern project challenges.
Keywords: Design-bid-build, unit price, integrated project delivery, public-private partnership,
assessment.

J.J. Barango
ABSTRACT
Climate change and land use/ land cover (LULC) dynamics had critically alter hydrological
processes, yet their combined impacts on water resources in tropical basins remain poorly
quantified. This study employs the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to evaluate
the effects of LULC changes (2017–2024) on hydrological components in Nigeria’s Anambra
River Basin (ARB), a region crucial for agriculture and water supply. Using a 30 m DEM,
235 subbasins and 2,626 Hydrological Response Units (HRUs) were delineated, integrating
climate data from NASA POWER and LULC maps from Sentinel-2. Results reveal
significant LULC shifts, forest cover declined by 24.9 percent, while built-up areas and
rangeland expanded by 79.1 percent and 45.3 percent, respectively. These changes drove
spatially heterogeneous hydrological responses: surface runoff increased by 5.7 percent in
flooded vegetation but decreased in agricultural lands (−4.4 percent), while groundwater
recharge was highest in forests (791.57 mm) and lowest in urban areas (472.34 mm).
Evapotranspiration (ET) varied sharply, with flooded vegetation experiencing a 13.4 percent
decline due to reduced water retention. Drought resilience analysis ranked forested areas as
most resilient (high AWC and GWQ), whereas urban and agricultural lands exhibited high
vulnerability. The study underscores the compounding effects of LULC change and climate
variability, highlighting the urgent need for integrated water management strategies to
mitigate flood risks and sustain groundwater recharge in tropical monsoonal basins such as
the Anambra River Basin.
Keywords: Hydrological variable, SWAT model, Land use change, Anambra River basin

Amara E. UZOR-TOTTY
ABTRACT This paper makes an attempt to give an overview of Nigeria’s water and hydrological resources and their sustainable management for national developments. Nigeria’s water and hydrological sources which include surface water, underground water, numerous rivers and dams and drainage basins were reviewed. Various contributions of these resources for national development were discussed. The paper also discussed the activities of federal ministry of water resources and various parastatals and agencies saddled with the responsibility of controlling and managing water and hydrological resources of Nigeria. Also, challenges facing utilization and management of water resources in Nigeria were highlighted. However, multi-faceted approach and several key strategies towards ensuring sustainable management of water and hydrological resources for national development were likewise suggested. Keywords: Nigeria, water resources, sustainable management, national development.

OYEDEMI OYELEKAN ADEYEMO
ABSTRACT This study investigates the influence of managerial attributes on small-scale business success using a descriptive survey design. The population comprises business owners and managers from registered small-scale businesses in Onitsha Metropolis. Purposive/judgmental sampling were used in selecting 215 respondents that are business owners (150) and managers (65). Data generated from a five-point likert scale score were coded and analyzed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS version 27.0. The results of the assessments of Cronbach's alpha coefficients for risk-taking gives 0.748, interpersonal relationships gives 0.722, work motivation offers (0.714), while small scale business Success gives 0.729 respectively. Thus, revealing high level of tool reliability. The regression model of the relationship among and between the tested variables sustain positive co-efficient, while the test of influence between independent and each dependent variable in the series led to a conclusion that good interpersonal relationship skills, work motivation skills, and willingness have statistically significant influence on business success. The study therefore, recommends that business owners and allied stakeholders should foster positive interpersonal relationships to achieve greater business successes through improve interpersonal communication and mentoring programs to boost sustainability in business skills and growth. Keywords: Managerial attributes, interpersonal relationship, work motivation, risk-taking, small-scale business success

Amina SANI
ABSTRACT
This study sought to find out the teacher’s perception on the influence of corruption on public secondary educational system in Osun Sate. The study used descriptive survey type. The study was carried out in 9 Local Governments; a sample of 270 teachers in all the 9 local governments was used for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 27 public secondary schools in the selected local governments. Questionnaire was designed to collect data from the respondents and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency count, mean, standard deviation and simple percentage. The result was tested for significance at 0.05 levels. The study revealed that eradication of corrupt practice in Nigeria Educational System will enhance effective training of students that can contribute to the nation building. It was recommended among others that Parent-Teacher-Association should be revived in secondary schools; functional training for good character formation in adolescents should be a joint responsibility of parents and teachers. Bad behaviour is infectious on their students; teachers proven to be engaged in corrupt practices should be sanctioned appropriately, amongst others Keywords: Corruption, teachers’ perceptions, public school, influence

Afeez Wasiu Ayobami
ABSTRACT
The entrenchment of godfatherism in Nigeria’s political architecture poses a formidable challenge to democratic consolidation and effective governance. This paper critically interrogates the complex interplay between political godfatherism and administrative performance in Nigeria, highlighting the paradoxes it creates within democratic institutions and public service delivery. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data, including case studies from select Nigerian states, the study explores how political godfathers influence electoral outcomes, policy direction, and bureaucratic appointments—often prioritizing loyalty over merit, thus undermining institutional capacity and public accountability. The paper situates godfatherism within Nigeria’s broader political economy, tracing its historical roots to the patron-client structures inherited from colonial and post-independence governance. It further examines the implications for democratic representation, fiscal discipline, and policy continuity, revealing a persistent tension between private interest and public good. However, the analysis also identifies emerging prospects for reform, including the growing role of civil society, electoral reforms, judicial interventions, and the digital empowerment of the electorate. By offering a nuanced evaluation of both the systemic dysfunctions and the transformative opportunities within Nigeria’s political landscape, this study contributes to the discourse on democratic governance in Africa. It concludes with strategic recommendations aimed at curbing the excesses of godfatherism and promoting a more transparent, accountable, and citizen-centered administrative framework. Keywords: Godfatherism, Nigeria, Governance, Political Patronage, Public Administration.

Ezendah Okparanta
ABSTRACT
The study investigated the principal component facilitator groups that influence the implementation success of community based public procurement model for works contracts in Imo State Nigeria. It also assessed the success rate and rate of delay in project delivery associated with the use of community based public procurement models for works contracts in the state. The study used survey research design method which comprised of questionnaire and checklist for collection of primary data from Imo State Oil Producing Areas Development Commission (ISOPADEC) funded projects, in oil bearing communities in three LGAs. The data obtained were analyzed using Principal component Analysis (PCA), the log linear multiple regression analysis, and the descriptive statistics. The result of the study indicates that the determinant community-based facilitator groups that significantly influence the successful use of community based public procurement model for works contracts in Nigerian communities include: the community-based project development board (DEVOPmember), the infrastructure security and safety committee (SAFoverseer), the community based supply contractors (SUPcontractors) and the use of the community based project advisory board (ADboard). Each of these significant components has Eigen values greater than 1.0. The findings of the study also show that the coefficient of the success rate of public works project executed with the use of community based public procurement model (CBPM) is 76.57%. The coefficient of average delay in the execution and delivery of public works project executed relative to the use of CBPM is 6.7 months. Also, there is no significant relationship between the success rate of public works project in Imo State communities and the contributions of the determinant community based facilitator groups in the use of community based procurement models for works contracts. This study recommends for the adoption of better strategies to avert delays in the delivery of public projects executed using CBPM Keywords: public-works, community-based-procurement, logistics, project, success-rate, project-delivery

Theresa Onyemaechi Anyanwu
ABSTRACT
The rates at which man-made and natural disasters occur as well as their frequencies and destructive effects are becoming alarming. Their effects constitute serious threats to the world developmental strides. This study therefore investigates the roles being played by the media, especially the radio in disaster management using some radio stations within the Kaduna metropolis, the work also examines the media's involvement in disaster management, and the role of radio stations in raising awareness about disaster preparedness and risk reduction measures, identifying the challenges encounter by radio stations in providing disaster-related information to the public in line with international best practices. The findings reveal that the vast majority of the populace in Kaduna Metropolis believes that the Radio stations are the most effective medium for raising awareness on disaster within the metropolis as reported by 62.9 percent of the respondents. Furthermore radio stations promote community participation and engagement in recovery activities after a disaster. In conclusion roles have endeared the radio stations to the public as the most reliable means of getting information on disasters; which as a result, has contributed to the high patronage they get from stakeholders in disaster management. The study therefore recommends that, radio station should be equipped with backup power and communication systems so that they can provide emergency information during disasters. Keywords: Radio stations, media, disaster management, Metropolis, community

Bashir Yakubu LIMAN
ABSTRACT Investigating the Factors Responsible for Delay in Procurement of Public Works Contract in Nigeria is presented. The aim of the study was to Analyze of factors responsible for delay in procurement processes of works contract in Nigeria. The study employed quantitative data using structured online survey instrument. A sample size of 109 respondents were drawn from a population of 150 procurement professionals. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were applied to analyze data of the study. Two research hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The p-values obtained are: 0.000; 0.000; 0.000; and 0.020. Conclusions made by the study include: corruption is a significant factor causing delays in procurement of works contracts in Nigeria; and that stakeholders have significant roles to play in the delays of procurement of works contracts in Nigeria. The study made the following recommendations: the federal government of Nigeria and the respective States governments should establish robust monitoring and evaluation systems to track the progress of works contracts; and the public sector should adopt and apply e-procurement technologies to improve transparency, by cutting down on paperwork, and expedite the procurement process. The study has contributed to knowledge by offering good insights to comprehending the factors that cause delays in procurement of public works and proffered multimodal strategy to solve them, which includes modernizing procurement technologies, guaranteeing timely funding, improving the capabilities of procurement staff, use of E-procurement and streamlining regulatory processes. The study’s outcome will be beneficial to policymakers, procurement professionals and Nigeria's procurement system. Keywords: Instrument, descriptive, quantitative, statistics, e-procurement, p-values

U. Ewaibe
ABSTRACT
The Igbo race stands out as one of the groups in the world with the highest diasporas presence outside their homeland. They are scattered all over the world, across the continents and countries. As widespread as Igbo Diasporas in foreign lands, so are their wealth, investments and resources. Unfortunately, the Igbo diasporas presence around the world and their achievements have not been much felt or impacted on the development and industrialization of the home front. Many years of success and lack of commensurate impact, amidst enormous wealth under their control have not reflected in the domestic economy. It is this situation that gave rise to the new popular slogan and initiative, „Aku Ruo Ulo‟ as an inspiration and challenging call beckoning the Igbo diasporas to bring their wealth home for development and transformation of Igbo heartland of South East Nigeria. This study examined the role of Igbo diasporas in the development of Igboland in line with „Aku Ruo Ulo‟ philosophy. The study is a qualitative research derived from secondary sources of data and guided by the Cohen Diaspora theoretical foundation. The paper recommends among other things, the adoption and promotion of „Aku Ruo Ulo‟ philosophy among Igbo diasporas for the development of Igbo homeland. Keywords: Igbo, diaspora, development, southeast, aku ruo ulo,

Praxede C. EGEONU
ABSTRACT The paper examined the Impact of insecurity on academic achievement of secondary school students in Orlu Local Government Area of Imo State. In line with the purpose of study, three research questions were formulated for guidance. It utilized a descriptive survey design. Six Hundred and Fifty-Four (654) teachers from the nine (9) selected Secondary School in Orlu Local Government Area of Imo State formed the population out of which 315 teachers were sampled through simple random sampling technique which comprised 35 teachers in 9 selected schools. Structured Questionnaire which the researcher prepared and was validated by experts in Measurement and Evaluation was the only instrument for the study. Mean was the statistical tools used to carry out analysis and the result among others showed that causes of school insecurity were identified to include lack of school fence, lack of use of well-trained security guard’s poor security knowledge by some school administrators, incomprehensive school security policy guide lines. It was recommended among others that Imo State Government in conjunction with Orlu Local Government should make a concerted effort in prioritize and address insecurity as it is fundamental to improving academic achievement in the affected areas. Secondly, Imo State should implement and reinforce robust security measures within schools, supported by proactive counselling services and comprehensive support systems to alleviate students’ fears and create an environment conducive to learning. There is need for stakeholders in the education sector to foster open communication channels within schools to encourage dialogue about safety concerns and ensure that students feel heard and supported. Keywords: Academic achievement, impact, insecurity, secondary school, students

Chidi I. NWOKEDI
ABSTRACT
This paper looks at the usefulness of financial inclusion in aiding entrepreneurship in the underserved communities in Umuahia South, Umuahia North, Ikwuano, Isiala Ngwa South and Isiala Ngwa North that make up Abia Central District. Despite the efforts of the key financial institutions or players and the Central Bank of Nigeria, the improvement is still uneven. Recent reports indicate some improvement, with formal financial inclusion growing from 56 percent in 2020 to 64 percent in 2023 (EFInA A2F 2023). Despite this, the exclusion rate still stands at 36 percent as of the first half of 2024, falling short of the Central Bank of Nigeria's target of achieving 95 percent financial inclusion by 2024. That suggests that there are still majority of business owners who do not have access to financial information and products. This study employed survey format to point out the extent of financial inclusion in the study area, to assess how it affects the growth of business in the underserved areas and to find out the factors influencing their effectiveness. The outcomes show that there is a strong relationship between the accessibility of banking services, loan or credit facilities and financial products and entrepreneurial development in the underserved communities. Suggestions or recommendations from this study include intensifying efforts to educate business owners in the underserved communities about financial processes and programs, easy access to credit facilities, and the use of financial digital tools, to achieve even economic growth. Keywords: Digital banking, credit availability, rural entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, and Abia Central District

Odinakachi Augustine Nwafor
ABSTRACT
The study aimed at examining the influence of digital strategies and integrated channels on value creation in the Nigerian banking sector. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between digital channel accessibility, digital platform usability, and digital innovation adoption on customer satisfaction. Using the purposeful sampling technique, the study sampled 141 respondents from five money deposit banks across three states of South East Nigeria. Applying the Pearson Moment correlation coefficient analysis, the study found a negative significant correlation between digital channel accessibility and customer satisfaction. It was also found that the relationship between digital platform usability and customer satisfaction are moderately negatively and significantly related. Finally, the study found a moderate negative significant correlation between digital innovation adoption and customer satisfaction. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that banks should not only increase their digital channel accessibility but also ensure that these channels are high-quality, reliable, and meet customer expectations. Banks should focus on improving the user experience, reliability, and support for their digital channels to enhance customer satisfaction. Keywords: Digital strategy, integrated channel, value creation, customer satisfaction

Forstina Chioma ECHETAMA
ABSTRACT
Music, as a profession is talent-driven; and most often, some performers, vis-à-vis some directors/or managers are much endowed with the innate ability, while some are less talented. This therefore calls for some collaborative efforts of both the talented and less talented to make a musical out-fit a coherent and formidable whole; and the onus, as a matter of fact falls on the ability of the Choral Director or Manager to discover and as well fashion out a way to integrate the two categories of performers into a meaningful whole for effective musical performance. This paper therefore has as its main focus, an attempt to explore the choral management antecedents amongst the contemporary choral musical groups within the Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State. To achieve this objective, the researchers applied scientific/historical and musicological methods of research in gathering data for the study. Efforts were made in discussing matters on choral management tips, musical and extra musical qualities of a choral conductor, as well as conducting techniques since conducting is seen as generalship in the battle field of music; can make or mar a musical performance. Briefs from some individual choral conductors/directors on their choral groups were also considered. The outcome shows that fusion of musicological training and natural talents are key to effective and successful choral music management. Keywords: Music, performance, choral management, conduct

Obiesie, Ezekiel N. C.
ABSTRACT
The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has generated significant discussions regarding its impact on students' academic performance. This study investigates the integration of ICT in Social Studies education within the context of the digital era, with particular focus on secondary school students. Over the years, ICT has increasingly been adopted in educational systems globally and has become a fundamental part of classroom instruction in both developed and developing countries, including Nigeria. Its integration into the Nigerian educational system has contributed to meaningful educational reforms, particularly at the secondary school level. As part of the Social Studies curriculum implementation, teachers are now expected to utilize ICT tools in their teaching processes. This study highlights that ICT tools – such as internet resources, computer-mediated instruction, Twitter, YouTube, Telegram, and other digital platforms – can significantly enhance both instructional delivery and students’ learning outcomes. The adoption of ICT for teaching Social Studies in this digital era is, therefore, essential for ensuring an effective and engaging teaching and learning process for both teachers and students. Keywords: Communication, digital era, information, integration, technology

Okereke Ifeyinwa
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the sustainable outcomes achieved through procurement practices, focusing on their environmental impacts in the South-south and South-est regions of Nigeria. Sustainable Procurement, a key component of sustainable development, seeks to balance economic, social and environmental considerations. Data were collected through surveys and interviews analysing procurement processes across public and private sectors. The findings reveal variations between the two regions in the adoption of environmentally friendly procurement practices. The South-South region, with its reliance on oil-based industries, faces greater environmental challenges but has made strides in addressing waste management and pollution. Meanwhile, the South West region demonstrates better integration of green procurement policies, particularly in urban planning and infrastructure. This study highlights the importance of regional context in shaping procurement outcomes and offers recommendations for enhancing environmental sustainability in Nigeria. Keywords: Sustainable outcomes, procurement, environment, South-south, South-west

Onome E. OGUJOR
ABSTRACT
Education is an all-round exercise that has to do with the development of a holistic man. Social Studies education which is society-specific and multi-dimensional as it acts across different disciplines and investigates different aspects of human endeavour, is in a good position to develop the individual holistically, including instilling or invoking the spirit of entrepreneurship which is part and parcel of education. This study discusses the concept of entrepreneurship/entrepreneurship education, the rationale behind its introduction in Nigeria higher institutions, its objectives and ways of achieving the objectives of entrepreneurship education through Social Studies education, with emphasis on the cultural aspect of human endeavour. It made some useful suggestions and ended with a conclusion that entrepreneurship education remains a vital an instrument for the actualization of the extrinsic value of education since it equips the individuals with the right skills for acquiring wealth. Keyboards: Education, entrepreneur, entrepreneurship education, invoke, social studies.

Anyanwu, Happiness Chidumam
ABSTRACT
This paper titled, „Evaluating the interactions between, theology economy and national security‟ is not only timely but also succinct given the importance of theology in sharpening and re-sharpening national existence and development. While theology focuses on understanding the nature of God and His relationship with humanity, economy and national security are foundational concepts which are necessary for building and egalitarian society. With the aid of library and qualitative analysis, the paper aimed at contributing its intellectual quota in not just exhuming the critical vantage of Christian theology to economic development and national security but also spelling out the expected roles of theological knowledge towards economic progression and promotion of national security. To this end, it reveals that theological studies both in present and past times have significantly contributed towards the progress and curbing the menace of insecurity. It is envisaged that doing theology in this unique time and age requires not just passive intellectual demagogue but a rational and passionate engagement in the plight of the people viz-a-viz stimulating a theology of stewardship and responsibility which would cause both the leadership and the led to take the issue of national rebirth much more seriously. Specifically, this paper established the link between the three concepts: theology, economy and national security and evinced that theology is a veritable tool for social transformation. Keywords: Theology, evaluation, economy, interaction, national security

OPARA, Festus Chukwunyere
ABSTRACT
Contrary to what can be observed in other established democracies, every election cycle in Nigeria seems to be marred with irregularities and followed by acrimony. This is further shown by the litany of election-related matters that are brought to the courts and election tribunals. This situation makes it necessary to interrogate the nature of political culture in the country and the process of political socialization that is practised. The paper therefore sought to establish a general understanding of political culture, and apply this to determine if Nigeria has a political culture; if it did, what type of culture this was. Equally, the process of political socialization in the Nigerian context was examined. From the investigations, it can be deduced that whereas a democratic political system (the type Nigeria purports to practice) requires a political culture that encourages political participation, the process of political socialization discourages active participation. There is therefore the need for the leading political actors to encourage political participation. This can be done by pursuing multiculturalism and nation-building instead of devolving to tribal and ethnic camps. Equally, a movement towards true fiscal federalism by giving more autonomy/ resources to the states so that each can develop at their own pace will increase the sense of ownership of the nation and its political processes. Keywords: Political culture, political participation, political socialization, nation-building

Perpetua O. Ezeji
ABSTRACT
Increases in the temperatures across many epochs, has exacerbated thermal discomfort in buildings. Ambience in air temperature and mean radiant temperature are becoming lost experiences in some conventional building prototypes. Hence, thermal sensations of heat and skin wetness have rubbed off on the occupants of the vulnerable buildings. Climatic changes have been contributory to it. Its harrowing impact has occupied the epicenter of many researches in architecture. This study sets out to examine climate change and thermal comfort in buildings. It adopted the review of climatic studies from 1971 to 2005 climatic years in Northern Nigeria. The temperature and rainfall data of eleven meteorological stations were obtained in the study area. They were analyzed with Linear Regression technique. The results showed an upward trend for most of the stations and for both indicators. The study concluded that the values for temperature and rainfall are increasing in majority of the stations, though with differing steepness in slopes. However, downward trends in temperature and rainfall were evinced in minority of the stations. Therefore, the study recommends: utilization of location-specific/climate-adaptive architecture, creation of architectural-meteorological synergy, strategic maintenance of ambient air quality and temperature and climate site analysis in the study area. Keywords: Climate change, thermal comfort, meteorological stations, buildings.

Dr. Toochukwu Acho AGIRIGA
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the effect of board characteristics on the financial performance of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria, focusing on board size and board independence. It addresses a critical gap in understanding how these governance mechanisms influence performance, measured by Return on Assets (ROA). The inconsistency in past research findings on the nexus between board characteristics and financial outcomes prompted this examination within the Nigerian banking sector, characterized by regulatory pressures and corporate governance reforms. Secondary data was collected from the annual reports of ten listed DMBs spanning the period 2014 to 2023. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and panel data techniques based on robust least squares regression, were used to analyze the data. The methodology accounted for non-normality and heteroscedasticity in the dataset, using Huber regression and M-estimation procedures to reduce the influence of outliers. The findings indicate that board independence has a statistically significant positive effect on ROA (p-value = 0.0271), suggesting that a higher proportion of independent directors enhances governance and positively impacts financial performance. Conversely, board size showed no significant effect on ROA. The results suggest that while board independence enhances performance, increasing board size do not automatically lead to better financial outcomes. The study concludes that effective governance in the Nigerian banking sector requires a holistic approach that prioritizes the quality of board composition and independence over mere structural attributes and recommends that regulatory bodies prioritize board independence in governance reforms, as it has a measurable impact on financial performance. Keywords: Board characteristics, board independence, board size, financial performance, return on asset

Kelechi Callistus NWANKWO
ABSTRACT
The development of socio-economic infrastructure is fundamental evidence to economic growth and development. Socio-economic infrastructure encompasses of a wide range of physical structures, facilities and systems that support and promote economic activities. Most developing countries with insufficient socio-economic infrastructures can hardly create an enabling environment for economic growth and national development nor attract foreign direct investment and other key sectors of the economy. Currently, Nigeria is involved in this deplorable state. Hence, the objective of this study is to critically examine the challenges facing the socio-economic infrastructural development in Nigeria. Anchoring on structural functionalist theory, the following sources of data collection were utilized: journal publications, internet, textbooks, government documents etc. More so the paper makes use of descriptive and historical approach as its methodological orientation. Based on the findings of the study, the paper recommends the following: establishing a viable public private partnership, steering economic diversification and structural changes, encouraging domestic market development, embracing socio-economic infrastructure technology, skills and methodologies, ensuring efficiency and reduction of cost of material for infrastructural development among others. Key Words: Challenges, Development, Economic Growth, Infrastructure, Socio-Economic Development.

Peace Ijeoma EJIEJI-EZEIBE
ABSTRACT
This study delves into Nigerian secondary school teachers' perspectives on the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in large class sizes. The areas of the study were Abia and Imo States. The population of the study comprised all the 477 senior secondary school teachers (182 males and 295 females) in Aba North Local Government Area of Abia State and 285 senior secondary school teachers (65 males and 220 females) in Owerri Municipal Council in Imo State, numbering 762. The sample of the study was 142 respondents through the analysis of five research questions; the research provides insights into teachers' perceptions, challenges, opportunities, and professional development needs regarding AI integration. Findings reveal a moderate to high significance placed by participants on AI integration in large classes, indicating a general recognition of its potential benefits. However, significant variability exists in teachers' opinions and experiences, reflecting the complexity of system integration. Teachers' concerns encompass technical competency, pedagogical ideals, resource access, and institutional support. While some educators embrace AI to enhance teaching and learning, others express skepticism or apprehension regarding its impact on traditional roles and student outcomes. Ethical and sociological implications of AI in education are recognized, necessitating considerations of justice, openness, accountability, and privacy. Addressing ethical concerns is crucial for ensuring equitable access and mitigating disparities in educational outcomes. Moreover, participants emphasize the importance of targeted professional development to equip teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge for AI integration. Collaborative discourse among educators, policymakers, and researchers is advocated to promote evidence-based strategies and policies. In conclusion, the study underscores the need for inclusive and collaborative approaches to AI adoption in Nigerian secondary education, emphasizing the ethical, pedagogical, and infrastructural considerations. Implementing the recommended strategies such as Creating AI training and support programmes for Nigerian secondary school teachers can help overcome challenges and maximize the benefits of AI integration, ultimately enriching the teaching and learning experiences in large class settings. Keywords: Teacher's perspectives, AI technologies, integrating, large class sizes, secondary education,

Ursula O. Ibebuike
ABSTRACT
This paper examines Legislative process and Democratic consolidation in the Local Government Administration in Nigerian’s Fourth Republic. Fundamentally, the operations of local government since after the 1976 local government reforms and subsequent ones by successive Nigerian Government and constitution were tailored or aimed at making Local government a veritable tool for democracy. Operationally, while democratic practices in the local government cannot be adequately discussed in isolation, the institution of Local Government in Nigeria is considered to be a failure manifesting as it has dwindled in its services-delivery to the people at the grassroots. This study adopts democratic consolidation theory for its theoretical framework, while the methodology of research utilized is historical and qualitative, materials from secondary sources of data collection. Equally, content analysis of inductive and deductive logical reasons was utilized in the analysis of the data. The findings show that while Local Government ought to be a spring board for democratic practices, the politics of local-central relations has continued to weaken its operational capacity and optimal performance. The paper, therefore, submits that the survival and consolidation of Nigeria Local Government should incorporate the active participation and devolution of powers to the third tier Government as a way of strengthening its democratic functionality and consolidation. Keywords: Local government, democratic consolidation, Nigeria’s fourth republic, legislative process.

Ebiziem Jude Ebiziem
ABSTRACT
Nigeria's infrastructure, transportation, and other systems that support economic growth are all significantly impacted by the elimination of gasoline subsidies. This paper looks at both immediate and long-term implications of this policy shift, drawing from recent research and case studies. As the cost of transportation increases, the ripple effect is very noticeable in both the public and private sectors. From increased commodity prices to changed commuter behaviours, the removal of fuel subsidies has redrawn how Nigerians interact with both urban and rural transport systems. Likewise, infrastructure systems that are very dependent on fuel supplies for logistics, power generation, and maintenance face new challenges in funding and sustainability. These effects are countered by government policies through infrastructural reforms, subsidization of alternative sources of energy, and investing in public transportation. Using relevant Nigerian data and similar countries case studies, this paper highlights the pivotal role of fuel pricing in the broader economic infrastructure while addressing the gaps in policy responses to these emerging challenges. The study concludes with ways transportation and infrastructure systems can be adapted to be far more sustainable in the post - fuel subsidy era, thereby propping up continued growth and access for the Nigerian populace. Keywords: Fuel; Subsidy; Transportation; Infrastructure; System; Human; Capital.

Basiru Olalekan GIWA
ABSTRACT
Nigeria is endowed with significant amount of solid mineral resources, with concentrated deposits in the northern region, which also harbors a high level of insecurity. This research aims to examine the effects of illegal mining as a driving force of insecurity in northern Nigeria. The paper adopted the structural functionalism theory, and the qualitative method of data analysis to examine the relevant variables to adduce outcome. Findings revealed that illegal mining activities have played a significant role in fueling insecurity in northern Nigerian states hosting significant deposits of solid mineral resources. The paper argues that resulting from Nigeria‘s weak security architecture and challenges to effective enforcement of its regulatory laws, local and foreign miners engages in illegal mining operations. It is observed that illegal miners patronize or sponsor violent armed groups for protection, and because there are no measures of control, these criminal forces disrupt local communities with threats and incessant terrorist attacks, including banditry and kidnapping, and engage state security forces in open hostilities. Worst still, they become entrenched and also involved in the illegal mining activities by seizing and looting mining sites to amass wealth to retool their armories. The paper concludes that illegal mining fuels insecurity in northern Nigeria, and can be mitigated if government develops the required political will for enhanced security and effective enforcement of its regulatory laws to combat illegal mining activities, localized conflicts and diverse forms of criminalities. Keywords: solid minerals, illegal mining, armed groups, insecurity, policy measures

Achubie, Chinedu Remigius
ABSTRACT
The recent times have witnessed a thunderous argument about the potential of Artificial intelligence (AI) to perform complex tasks. Some Scholars are of the view that the new technology has the capacity to perform all difficult tasks across all industries. The overall aim for this paper is to study Artificial intelligence and transformation of Corporate Governance in Nigeria 2022-2024. The specific objective is: (1) To examine the potential of AI to detect fraud in finance industries (2) To investigate the potential of AI to support Surgeries in highly delicate Organs in health care industry. The Daveport and Ronanki systematisation theory guided the study. Findings reveal that the capacity to detect Fraud in finance industries is a peculiar use case for AI. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject studied. The study concludes that AI has the potential to detect fraud in financial industries, aid in customer relationship management, and execute predictive analytics. In healthcare industry, AI supports surgeries in delicate Organs, improving patient outcomes. The study recommends that both organisations should invest in AI infrastructure, training and capacity building. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, transformation, corporate governance, finance and health care industries, Nigeria

Ifegwu Livingrich Prince EZEIKPE
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the impact of truancy on the academic performance of public secondary school students in Ikeduru Local Government Area (LGA) of Imo State. A descriptive survey design was employed. Three research questions guided the study, aligning with its stated objectives. The population consisted of all secondary school students within Ikeduru LGA, totaling 1,720, from which a sample of 320 respondents was randomly selected. Data were collected using a structured instrument titled Truancy and Academic Performance Questionnaire (TAPQ), which was validated by experts in Psychology and Measurement and Evaluation. Descriptive statistics, specifically mean scores, were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that both family-related and school-related factors contribute significantly to student truancy. Furthermore, the adolescent developmental stage was identified as having a substantial influence on truancy behaviour. It was also found that truancy has a negative effect on students’ academic performance. Based on these findings, recommendations were made, including the need for early intervention by parents and teachers, and the promotion of a positive teacher-student relationship to mitigate truancy and its adverse effects on learning outcomes. Keywords: Truancy, impact, academic performance, Ikeduru, public schools,

Ifeyinwa OKEREKE
ABSTRACT
The paper explores the issue of deceleration of fiscal federalism and its challenges to the development of the sub-national units in Nigeria. Nigeria‟s quasi federalism has rather than improve, continues on a detour of retardation and this portends a grave consequence for the economic development of the sub-national entities in the country. Anchored on the theory of Fiscal Federalism, the study adopts historical-descriptive design aspect of qualitative method of data collection and content analysis, which rely on quality texts, journal articles, official documents, working papers, reports, internet sources etc., that were content-analyzed to draw valid inference. The study revealed that though the issue of fiscal federalism did not commence on a sound footing in Nigeria at the onset, it witnessed what could be referred to as its golden period in the first republic and began its persistent downward slope after the 1966 military incursion and seizure of governmental powers which tilted towards over centralization as against decentralization of fiscal powers. Also, owing to the over-bearing centralization of fiscal powers which channel all funds, particularly rents from mineral resources into the central coffers herein referred to as Federation Account, the development of sub-national units is stifled thereby defeating the very essence and tenets of true federalism. More so, as the fiscal powers of the sub-national units are brutally hamstrung by this fiscal over-centralization, the states and local governments are rendered financially impotent, forcing them to be over-reliant on the over-bearing centre for survival and sustenance. Based on the above findings, functional measures were recommended that can turn the sub-nationalities from revenue recipient and dependents to viable wealth creators. Keywords: Fiscal federalism, development, sub-national units, first republic, military incursion.

Johnson O. Ndubuisi
ABSTRACT
This study assesses the role of GIS in curbing insecurity and crimes in Kajuru local government of Kaduna state, Nigeria. The research identified the causes of insecurity as well as assessed the use of GIS in curbing insecurity and crimes in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. A simple descriptive research method was used, by administering questionnaire which was used as the instrument to a sample population 399 people from the entire population of Kajuru local government. The findings revealed that: inadequate funding of security personnel, lack of modern equipment both in weaponry and training, inadequate and disparities in provision of social amenities, unemployment especially among youths, poverty and bribery and corruption causes insecurity and crimes. Higher incidence of unemployment, terrorism and kidnapping among populace, disrupted businesses and economics activities, unwanted loss of lives and properties, disrupt of school calendar and closing of schools, dislocation and disruption of family and communal life were found to be some of the major effects of insecurity in the study area; finally the study also proved that, GIS facilitate tracking the movement of criminals, GIS can help security agencies to determine potential terrorists site, using GIS automated system, terrorists could be monitored, tract and smashed across borders and highways. The research recommended that there should be more need of using GIS technology in addressing the problem of insecurity in the study area and all over the country at large. Keywords: GIS, countering, insecurity, crime, Kajuru.

Adeku Joseph MALIKI
ABSTRACT
In the developing world, the challenge of water scarcity (exacerbated by climate change and other demands) highlights the need to increase water use efficiency (WUE) in agriculture – including for lesser known indigenous crops. This research was aimed at investigating the Consumptive Water Use, Evapotranspiration and Yield Response of Gongronema Latifolium (Bush buck) and Ocimum Gratissimum (Scent leaves) in a Porous pot sub-surface irrigation system incorporated in to a Naturally Ventilated Poly House (NVPH). The crop plants were sown at different distances (3, 5, 7, and 9 cm) to 16 buried unglazed clay pots. Weighable lysimeters and calibrated deep stick were used to measure water use and retention and climatic data from NIMET weather station was used to model evapotranspiration for the Blaney-Morin-Nigeria (BMN) method. The findings showed a crop coefficient of 0.95 for bush buck and 0.92 for scent leaf, while the crop water requirements was 190 mm and 171 mm for the crops, respectively. Consumptive use was 0.7 and 0.5 cm/day with ET rates of 5.7 and 5.3 mm/day, respectively. Water use efficiency was significantly high: 87.7% for bush buck and 90.6% for scent leaf at 6- day irrigation interval. There was no difference in response among the treatments as determined by ANOVA. These findings underscore the potential of PCC irrigation for sustainable crop production in drought-prone areas. Keywords: Indigenous irrigation, porous clay pot, sustainability, rural farming, Nigeria

Ohaejesi Theodora Ogochukwu
ABSTRACT
Upholstery textiles are fabrics used for covering furniture to give a soft and inviting feel for perfect relaxation. These fabrics become wasted during cutting and sewing involves fabric remnants, irregular pieces and trimmings. Fabric wastes become heaps in landfills and deplete the ozone layer when disposed of through incineration. The concept of waste to wealth emphasises transforming of discarded materials such as upholstery fabric into valuable products like key holders. This approach not only reduces wastes but also promotes sustainability and economic growth. By utilizing textile waste, manufacturers can create unique, eco-friendly household articles, contributing to a circular economy. This process fosters local job creation, empowers communities and minimizes environmental impact through recycling and repurposing. The initiative practices can convert waste into resources, enhancing both economic and environmental outcomes in the production industry. This paper looks into types of upholstery textile fabric and its types, textile upholstery scraps in the production of valuable and relevant household articles for the sustainability of the community, thereby reducing land contamination, safety and well-being of the citizens. The paper was summarized, concluded and recommendations proffered. Keywords: Textile upholstery, waste, wealth, waste management, keyholders.

H. IBRAHIM
ABSTRACT
It has been documented that labour Unions in Nigeria were part of the groups that fought the military regime for the return of democracy in 1999. The struggle by the labour unions was so intense that it invited the wrath of the military on the unions leading to the proscription and ban of some unions as well as victimization of trade unionists. Since the return of democracy in 1999, labour unions have taken to activism to protest certain government‟s policies perceived to be against the interests of the workers and masses. They seem to do this with a sense of ownership for the democracy they contributed in fighting for its return. The article aims at assessing the various struggles of the organized labour in Nigeria, for the rights of workers and masses during the twenty five years of Nigeria‟s democratic journey. The study adopts a multi-disciplinary approach. Data for the reconstruction was collected through oral interviews of some leaders and staff of the unions as well as data from the federal ministry of labour and employment, the body that mediates between the trade unions and employers in the event of industrial trade disputes and labour crises. These data was augmented with newspaper reports from the daily newspapers that reported some of the events between 1999 and 2024. The study finds that labour unions sustained their activism in advocating for a democracy that works for the benefit of workers and the masses throughout the democratic process of the fourth republic. The study recommends that trade unions should set aside leadership tussle and internal wrangling that diminishes its image before the public and focus on a sustained activism for the betterment of workers and the masses. Trade Union and Organized labour will be conceptualized for ease of understanding. Keywords: Organized labour, trade union, activism, labour unionism.

Jatau David Polang
ABSTRACT
This study examines the integration of digital solutions in sports refereeing within Nigeria, addressing the gap in technological adoption in the country's sports ecosystem. Using a descriptive survey methodology, data was collected from 726 sports administrators across Nigeria. Findings reveal a significant deficiency in the accessibility of essential digital officiating tools, emphasizing the urgent need for technological integration to enhance efficiency. Despite challenges, a strong correlation exists between the availability and effective use of digital technologies, underscoring their critical role in improving officiating standards. The study highlights the transformative potential of digital solutions in refining athlete performance and officiating protocols. Recommendations include increased investment, capacity-building initiatives, public-private partnerships, and proactive promotion of digital adoption to advance sports development in Nigeria. Keywords: Digital solutions, sports, refereeing, integration, officiating

Abubakar S. IBRAHIM
This research work investigates the impact of vocabulary growth through Intensive Reading within the Junior Secondary School Students level in Kudan LGA. This research sought to ascertain the pretest and post-test performance scores within junior secondary students taught using intensive reading and those taught using traditional methods. A non-randomized pre test-post-test control group quasi-experimental design was adopted. The participants in this study were three thousand seven hundred (3,700) JS3 students in Kudan. The sample size used for the investigation is one hundred and twenty (120) JSS 3 students of both genders from the two sampled schools. Stratified random sampling and the sample lottery method were adopted in selecting the sixty (60) students of JSS 3. The tools employed for this study were two test items for the pre-test and the post-test. A reliability coefficient of r = 0.76 was obtained from the pilot test of the instrument. Research question was analyzed and answered using descriptive statistics of means and standard deviations. Null hypothesis one was evaluated through the use of one-way analysis of variance. Findings shows that there was a significant level of difference between the performance of students taught vocabulary growth of basic words using intensive reading and those taught using traditional method. Based on the insights gleaned from this research recommends that integrating intensive reading programs into their curriculum to improve vocabulary growth among Junior Secondary Students. Also, Teachers should be given training and support in implementing evidence based instructional strategies that focus on enhancing language skills Keywords: Impact assessment, vocabulary growth, intensive reading, English language, students

Saleh Yusuf Sadau
ABSTRACT
This study was an investigation of TETFund resources on non-human resources as correlate of infrastructural development in tertiary institution in Imo State. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated and tested using simple linear approach at 0.05 level of significance. The design adopted was correlation research design. The population consists of three thousand three hundred and sixty four (3,364) lecturers from the seven state and Federal owned tertiary institutions in Imo State, the sample was three hundred and thirty six (336) lecturers which is 10% of the population drawn through cluster and proportionate random sampling techniques. The instruments are two rating scales titled “Tertiary Education Trust Fund Scale (TETFS) and Infrastructural Development Scale (IDS). The instruments were validated by two Measurement and Evaluation experts and reliability established to be 0.76 and 0.74 for TETFS and IDS respectively using crombach alpha statistics. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (Pearson r) statistics was used to answer the research questions while t-test of simple linear correlation statistics was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of this study revealed that both provision of physical infrastructure and provision of instructional materials/ equipment have high, positive and significant relationship with infrastructural development of tertiary institutions in Imo State. The study recommended among others that stakeholders including TETFund should continue to prioritize and invest in the development and maintenance of physical infrastructure.. Keywords: TETFund, tertiary education, non-human resources, infrastructural development, instructional material.

Rita Chigozie OSUALA
ABSTRACT
Imo State, Nigeria, faces significant challenges in managing solid waste, which poses threats to public health and the environment. This paper explores the strategic development initiatives for achieving sustainable environmental waste management system in Imo state. The paper adopted secondary data which were collected from academic documents, abstracts, books, education resources and conference papers. The secondary sources of data were sourced from print and online publications. In the literature review, it adopted conceptual and theoretical frameworks. The study was anchored on extended Produce Responsibility (EPR) theory. It analyzed some legal policy frameworks on waste management and environmental protection in Nigeria. The study examined the methods of waste management adopted by the people of Imo State and it was found out and identified that landfilling, dumping sites and incineration are the major waste management adopted in the state. Despite the policy regulations on waste management in Imo state waste management has not improved therefore the study proposed some strategic development initiatives for achieving sustainable environmental waste management system in the state. The study concludes by stating that the waste management regulatory agencies should be empowered to ensure strict compliance by all proper management waste for a sustainable and eco-friendly environment. Keywords: Strategic, Development, Initiatives, sustainable, environment, waste management

Patience Ezinne Nneka OKOROAFOR
ABSTRACT
It was expected that the international intervention championed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the ouster of the erstwhile Libyan head of State, Muammar Gaddafi would bring stability and peaceful co-existence in Libya. On the contrary, peace and stability seem to have eluded the country as sporadic conflicts by splinter groups have become predominant in the Libyan equation fueled by a number of external countries. The study therefore, examines the political economy of these external interests and how they have contributed in exacerbating and prolonging the war. Anchored on the theories of Local Destabilization and Competitive Interventions, the study adopted the qualitative method which utilized secondary sources of data that includes textbooks, journal articles, previous field researches, workshop papers, and news media and internet sources. These were content analyzed to draw valid inference. Findings show that the external factors involved in the post Gaddaffi Libyan conflict have varied interests which are economic, ideological, religious and military-strategic and these have contributed in fueling and prolonging the conflicts; ultimately, leading to further destabilization, displacements and exploitation of the Libyan State. The study recommends that it is only genuine intervention by mediators that can salvage the Libyan State from insecurity and instability and the brink of collapse. Key Words: External Actors, Interest, Political Economy, Instability, Insecurity.

Samuel N.C. Nwagbo
ABSTRACT
The quest for sustainability of river ecosystem and allied resources in this 21st Century constitutes a major source of concern for the United Nations programme on sustainable Development Agenda, but with limited success due to human exploitative excesses and climate change impacts. This study employed the direct field survey and laboratory techniques. The bedload sediment and surface water samples were collected from eight sampled points along the river during the months of November, February, April, and July, making a total of 128 surface water and sediment samples. Also, the laboratory analyses were carried out on 24 heavy metals and 24 nutrients for sediment and water making a total of 48 parameters at each point and 384 parameters for each month. A grand total of 1,536 heavy metals/nutrients were analyzed during the study period. The granulometric assessment showed a dominance of mean diameter of 0.50 and 1.00 mm. Using Principal Component Analysis, the metal parameters were collapsed into five major (core-metal, crustal-metal, Vanadium-ore, ferromanganese, and manganese) components each with an eigenvalue greater than 1.00 that explained 95.09 of the total variance in the series. A comparison of metals and nutrients concentration in the surface water with the World Health Organization (2004) standard showed that the KIRB is seriously polluted with lead, cadmium, chromium, selenium, and nitrite. This study recommended for urgent moved by stakeholders to synergize in protecting the fragile and moderately threaten Kwa Ibo River eco-geomorphologic unit of Southeastern. Keywords: Kwa Iboe River, water, sediment, heavy metal, nutrients, eco-geomorphic units

Ikpong Sunday UMO
ABSTRACT
The collective efforts in tackling climate change impacts are gaining popularity at the global level, but regional and local agro-land users tend to suffer failures due to limited capacity to adapt. In this study, Imo State was stratified into three agro-land zones and rainfall data were generated from secondary sources using gridded method from 19981 to 2023 (43) climatic years and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results reveal that Imo East recorded a highest mean value of 256.00, while Imo West recorded a highest standard deviation of 18.44 mm. Also, Imo East and Imo West recorded a homogenous value of 297 mm for the longest length of growing season during 2013 climatic year, while the shortest length of growing seasons converges in 1998 climatic year, but with diverse values recorded at distinct agro-land zones. The results of the time series models exhibited a uniform positive trend patterns with the Imo West revealing a highest regression model 0.510x + 244.5 and a highest co-efficient of 0.120 that accounted for 12.0 percent of the total variance in the series. A test of influence of variations in agro-land zones on rainfall fluctuations led to a conclusion that changes in the length of growing seasons are independent of locations of Imo agro-land zones. This study recommends for urgent places-centered policies and collaborated efforts to strengthen farmers‟ adaptive capacities to rain-induced hazards for sustainable agricultural land use and food security in Imo State. Keywords: Spatio-temporal, rainfall fluctuation, growing season, agro-land use, geo-politic.

Dr. Ikpong Sunday Umo
ABSTRACT
The National Pledge is an oath of allegiance and one of the important national identities in Nigeria. It comprised of six basic lines of solemn promise of service and patriotism by Nigerians to contributing their quota in terms of sustainable national unity and development to Nigeria. The ethical virtues embedded in the Nigerian National Pledge are so important and promising to the extent that if, properly adhere to, can go a long way to stimulating and making Nigeria a great nation. It has however been observed that most Nigerians apperceived the National Pledge as a vow or promise that has no much value since majority of the citizens in Nigeria usually see the National Pledge as a normal routine that has to be recited without taking cognizance of its wordings for proper and adequate manifestations for national cohesion and development. It is evident that most Nigerians usually recite the National pledge always but the reverse is the case when it comes to taking the wordings therein into actions and manifestations. Nigerians are therefore advised to always adhere strictly to the dictates of the wordings of the National Pledge and be dedicated to its cause accordingly. It is also suggested that, if Nigeria is truly going to be great, it is expected of her citizens to create and sustain the integrity of the nation by maintaining their individual integrity and they also should embrace unity, progress, peace, equity, transparence, accountability, dignity of labour, tolerance(religious and ethnic) and faith in Almighty God. Keywords: Apperception, ethical values, national pledge, national development, Nigeria

Olujide Adeyemi OLAYIWOLA
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the correlation between domestic violence and social adjustment among tertiary institution students in Zaria, Kaduna State. The study was directed by two objectives, which were converted into research questions and hypotheses. The research employed a survey design, targeting a population of 13,744 male and female students from Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, and the Federal College of Education (FCE), Zaria, from which a sample of 375 was chosen. The study employed a multistage sampling approach. The data collection instruments employed were the Domestic Violence Inventory, derived from Edleson (2007), and the Social Adjustment Inventory, adapted from Bell (1994). The tools' reliability was determined to be .899 for the Domestic Violence Inventory and .898 for the Social Adjustment Inventory, respectively. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to evaluate the hypotheses. The study's findings indicated a substantial difference in domestic violence among tertiary institution students in Zaria, Kaduna State, based on their age group. A substantial difference (p=.035) occurs in the social adjustment of tertiary institution students in Zaria, Kaduna State, based on their age bracket (p=.035). A substantial difference was found in domestic violence and social adjustment among tertiary institution students in Zaria, Kaduna State, based on their age groupings. According to the study's findings, it is recommended that counsellors, educational psychologists, and teachers assist students in mitigating domestic violence and social adjustment issues by raising awareness about adapting to their academic environment. Keywords: Domestic Violence, Social Adjustment, Tertiary Institution, Students

Grace Isuwa
ABSTRACT
The paper examined prebendalism under the Rochas Okorocha civilian regime In Imo State spanning 2015-2019. Three research questions were raised in the study viz: What are the immediate predisposing factors to Rochas Okorocha prebendal rule in Imo State? What are the predisposing effects of Governor Rochas Okorocha prebendal rule in Imo State? What are the possible solutions to the threat? The following objectives guided the study which includes examining the predisposing factors to Governor Rochas Okorocha's prebendal rule in the State. The theory of "two publics" was adopted as a framework. The study adopted an historical research design since it is a quantitative research. Secondary sources of data were adopted in the collection of data. The result of the study showed that Rochas Okorocha regime in the State was prebendalistic and parasitic and factors such as societal expectations was a causative factor. The findings also showed that the political "Will" to respect constituted authority in the State is eroding and people's faith or trust in government and leaders is weakening. Based on the findings, the study made recommendations which include political parties in Nigeria and Imo State in particular should ensure that collection of Nomination forms for interested candidates is free to give the youths, those in the academia and seasoned bureaucrats opportunity to contest. The study concluded that we must plan a change since tradition and culture demand from us a hand-over to future generation. Keywords: Prebendaliam, two publics, civilian regime, societal expectations.

Joseph Eberechukwu AKONYE
ABSTRACT
This study examines the role of digital innovations and artificial intelligence (AI) in bridging the tax gap in Nigeria, focusing on how technology influences tax compliance behavior. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the research investigates three core dimensions: the adoption of digital tax tools, the use of AI in tax auditing and monitoring, and the perceived ease of use and accessibility of digital tax platforms. These theories explain how perceived usefulness, ease of use, and behavioral intentions drive technology adoption and tax compliance. A quantitative research design was adopted using a structured questionnaire distributed to 150 tax professionals, administrators, and registered taxpayers across Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, and Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root tests to ensure stationarity of variables. The regression model showed that all three independent variables—adoption of digital tax tools (p = 0.0044), AI in auditing (p = 0.0000), and ease of use/accessibility (p = 0.0000)—have significant positive effects on tax compliance level in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommends intensified investment in AI-powered tax monitoring and auditing infrastructure; user friendly digital platforms to enhance accessibility and engagement across all taxpayer categories; and national policy initiatives to increase digital literacy and taxpayer education. These actions are crucial to strengthening Nigeria’s tax system and ensuring a more equitable, transparent, and efficient tax regime through technology-driven compliance strategies. Keywords: Tax compliance, digital tax tools, artificial intelligence, technology acceptance model

Ogechi Eberechi ALPHEAUS
ABSTRACT
Every society of the globe has its methods of controlling the social behavior of its citizens in order to attend a desired goal of harmony and peaceful co-existence. Social crime in traditional Igbo-society consisted of violence of standardized ways of behaviour such as murder, theft, adultery, rape, incest, suicide and so on. They are conventional crime which had far-reaching regrettable consequences not only for the offender, but, also his immediate family and close relations. These are the problems the researcher has been desired to address, to see how such deviant behaviours or crimes are controlled in Ikeduru traditional society. In achieving this goal, agents of social control and local machineries are well utilized within Ikeduru cultural settings. This paper, however, adopts social control theory. Keywords: Ikeduru traditional society, social crime, social control theory.

Joshua Okechukwu Onwuliri
ABSTRACT
This article explores the leadership principles embedded in Exodus 18 and how they offer a biblical framework for understanding and improving the process of leadership selection in contemporary Nigeria. The passage, which recounts Jethro’s counsel to Moses regarding the delegation of leadership duties, provides a theological and administrative model that stands in contrast to the crises and corruption that characterize Nigeria’s leadership culture. Using a qualitative method that combines biblical exegesis with contextual analysis and literature review, the study interrogates the implications of Exodus 18 for Nigerian leadership ethos. The paper argues that a return to values such as integrity, competence, accountability, and divine fear—as found in Jethro’s counsel—could address the deep-rooted dysfunctions in Nigeria’s leadership recruitment process. The paper concludes with theological and practical recommendations for adopting biblical principles in shaping political and ecclesiastical leadership structures in Nigeria. Keywords: Leadership, Exodus 18, Moses, Nigeria, Governance, Biblical Ethics, Jethro

Emmanuel Chijioke AGOHA
ABSTRACT
This study assesses the impact of peer support groups on rehabilitation outcomes among individuals with opioid use disorder in Port Harcourt Metropolis. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population consisted of 83 individuals with opioid use disorder at the Port Harcourt Psychiatric Hospital, Rivers State, from which a sample of 42 individuals (50%) was selected using a combination of purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire, "Assessing the Impact of Peer Support Groups on Rehabilitation Outcomes among Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder Questionnaire" (AIPSGRAOUDQ), which was validated by experts and tested for reliability using the test-retest method and the Cronbach Alpha technique, yielding a reliability coefficient of 0.725. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) to answer research questions and inferential statistics (independent t-tests) to test hypotheses, facilitated by SPSS version 27.0. The findings revealed that participation in peer support groups has a significant and positive effect on both domains. Specifically, individuals engaged in peer support reported lower substance use levels, attributing their progress to the encouragement, accountability, and shared experiences offered within the group setting. The social reinforcement and sense of belonging provided by these groups appear instrumental in sustaining sobriety and preventing relapse. The study concluded that peer support groups offer a cost-effective, scalable, and community-driven solution for managing opioid use disorder and addressing the physiological and emotional dimensions of recovery. As such, the study recommends integrating peer support into formal rehabilitation strategies, supporting policies, and mental health services to optimise recovery outcomes and promote long-term wellness. Keywords: Peer Support Groups, Rehabilitation Outcomes, Opioid Use Disorder.

Patience Obeunezi OGUNGWERU
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the adoption and efficacy of innovative procurement methods in promoting sustainability and efficiency within Nigeria's public infrastructure sector. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, it combines survey data with interviews and document reviews across key Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs). Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and ANOVA, alongside thematic analysis, reveal that while Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) and e-procurement demonstrate potential, traditional procurement methods prevail due to institutional inertia, capacity gaps, and regulatory deficiencies. The findings indicate moderate engagement with sustainability, predominantly focused on environmental objectives, while economic and social dimensions are largely neglected. Barriers such as bureaucratic inefficiencies, inadequate training, financial constraints, and political interference persist across MDAs. The study concludes that a comprehensive reform agenda—emphasizing regulatory modernization, digital procurement infrastructure, and capacity building—is essential. Recommendations include targeted legal reforms, expanded training programs, promotion of inclusive sustainability metrics, and improved PPP frameworks. This research provides novel insights into procurement reform in developing economies, offering a data-driven framework to enhance transparency, innovation, and developmental impact in Nigeria’s public sector. Keywords: Sustainable procurement, e-procurement, public-private partnerships, regulatory reform, Nigeria, public infrastructure, institutional barriers

Vivian. O. Etolue
ABSTRACT
Faced with increasing environmental destruction in Nigeria, the need to get public and private sector purchasing practices to act in alignment with principles of sustainable development imperatives becomes quite urgent. This study examined the environmental effect of green procurement (GP) on national development in Nigeria, using a mixed-method research design. Drawing on a survey of 200 procurement professionals and using SPSS multiple regression models, it is found that GP's environmental dimensions have universally significant effect on development outcomes (p < 0.05), but the social dimension does not. The study reveals the implications of standardizing green measures in a form of environmental auditing, ISO 14001 certifications, and laws in the industries. Policy considerations are made with reference to the Climate Change Act 2021 and Nigeria’s Energy Transition Plan. The research provides a pathway for incorporating sustainability in procurement for resilient, inclusive, and environmentally sustainable national development. Keywords: Green procurement, environmental sustainability, national development, ISO 14001, Nigeria, climate change act, public policy.

Ime W. EKPO
ABSTRACT
The need to integrate information and communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning religious studies in Nigerian tertiary institutions in this digital age cannot be underscored. The use of ICT in Religious studies, no doubt, will enhance both students‟ academic performance and lecturers‟ pedagogic skills thereby reposition the course as one of the value laden courses in our tertiary institutions. This paper, therefore, takes a concise look at the concept of information and communication technology (ICT); the use of ICT in education; application of ICT in teaching and learning Religious studies and benefits of the application of ICT in teaching and learning Religious studies. It also goes ahead to examine the challenges to the application of ICT to teaching and learning religious studies. The paper concludes by emphasizing the far-reaching impact of ICT on students‟ academic performance as well as on lecturers‟ pedagogic skills, arguing that any academic discipline where ICT is yet to be integrated is pathetically lagging behind in this digital age. The paper, thus, suggests among other things, that the government should come up with strategic funding plans to revamp our moribund tertiary education system, especially in the area of digitalization through establishment of e-libraries and provision of internet facilities and personal computers (PCS) to various tertiary institutions to enable students, especially Religious studies students, to have easy access to ICT mediated studies. Keywords: Religious studies, ICT, Teaching learning, Nigeria, tertiary Institutions.

SIMEON U.N. DURUJI
ABSTRACT
This study explores the complex relationship between political thuggery and sustainable youth development in Nigeria, focusing on how political violence undermines efforts to empower young people socioeconomically, politically, and educationally. Political thuggery—defined as the recruitment and use of youth by political actors to intimidate opponents, manipulate elections, or enforce party loyalty—has become a persistent feature of Nigeria‘s political landscape. This paper adopts mixed methodology; qualitative and quantitative approach, drawing on existing literature, policy documents, and interviews with youth leaders, political analysts, and civil society organizations, totaling 500 respondents. The findings reveal that political thuggery not only endangers the lives and future prospects of youth involved, but also erodes democratic values, fosters a culture of impunity, and diverts attention and resources away from sustainable development initiatives. The study argues that unless decisive measures are taken to address youth unemployment, political exclusion, and weak institutional frameworks, the cycle of violence and underdevelopment will persist. Recommendations include policy reforms focused on youth empowerment, civic education, electoral integrity, and the enforcement of laws against political violence. The research concludes that dismantling the structures that perpetuate political thuggery is essential for achieving meaningful and sustainable youth development in Nigeria. Keywords: Political thuggery, youth, sustainable development, electoral integrity

Charity Enifome CHIADIKA
ABSTRACT
The purpose of education among others in Nigeria is to train youngsters to become useful and functional members of the society, therefore education become one of the powerful instruments for inculcating desirable behaviours, positive values and attitudes, skills and knowledge into learners. Students learning become more effective and impactful when the learning environment is calm and devoid of distractions. This study was to assess the impact of deviant behaviours on academic performances of secondary school students in Kogi East Education Zone of Kogi State. The study used a descriptive survey design for the research. Sampling technique was used to draw a sample population of fifty (50) SS1 and SS2 teachers in both public and private secondary schools and ten (10) principals of the schools sampled where data was administered. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaire and interview techniques, the data were analysed using simple percentages. Fifteen (15) secondary schools were selected from public and private secondary schools for the study. After careful study and analysis, it was discovered that deviant behaviour has a very detrimental impact on students‟ academic performances. The impact was more in public schools than the private schools. It also revealed that most teachers used punishment as a means of managing deviant behaviours in private schools. The study concluded by recommending the adoption or constitution of counselling service in school to effectively combat deviant behaviours for optimum students‟ performance. Keywords: Impact, deviance behaviours, academic performances, students.

JONATHAN ANTHONY OCHEJE
ABSTRACT
This study explores the role of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in enhancing service delivery in Nigeria from 2019 to 2023. With the increasing pressure on government resources and the need for sustainable development, PPPs have emerged as a key mechanism for improving public sector performance in sectors such as infrastructure, healthcare, education, and energy. This research examines the various PPP models adopted in Nigeria during this period, assessing their effectiveness in achieving the desired outcomes in service delivery. In carrying out the study, the descriptive research design was adopted. Questionnaire and interview were adopted as instrument for data collection and the method of data analysis was mean statistics. Through a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and quantitative analysis of service delivery metrics, the study identifies the challenges and successes associated with PPPs in the Nigerian context. Key factors such as regulatory frameworks, governance structures, public trust, and financial sustainability are critically analyzed to understand the dynamics of PPPs in Nigeria. The findings of this study revealed that while PPPs have led to significant improvements in certain sectors, issues such as inadequate policy implementation, corruption, and a lack of proper monitoring and evaluation mechanisms have hindered optimal service delivery. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at strengthening the PPP framework in Nigeria, including enhanced transparency; better risk-sharing models, and capacity building for both public and private sector participants. Keywords: Public-private-partnership, service delivery, financial sustainability, development

Ernest I. Olemeforo
ABSTRACT
This study explores the of local government councils in promoting inclusive development in Nigeria through a qualitative–thematic analysis. Despite their constitutional status as the third tier of government, local governments face systemic challenges such as limited fiscal autonomy, weak governance structures, and undue political interference from state governments. Using a multiple case study design, the paper examines grassroots experiences across different regions, including environmental neglect in Ogoni Land, forced evictions in Lagos State, poor service delivery in Zamfara State, and herder-farmer conflicts in Benue State. The analysis of semi-structured interviews reveals how communities perceive and cope with these challenges, highlighting issues like fiscal strangulation, erosion of autonomy, and democratic deficits. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for genuine fiscal and administrative autonomy, improved accountability, community engagement, and capacity building to strengthen local governance and enable inclusive development. Keywords: Local government, inclusive development, fiscal autonomy, democratic deficit, thematic analysis

Joseph Chukwudi UKWUNNA
ABSTRACT
Pollution of water bodies has generated a lot of debate amongst government as well as scientist all over the world. However, the need to protect our water bodies has become necessary due to global water scarcity. This study is carried out to assess the impact of solid waste disposal on surface water quality. The samples were collected at three different locations, upstream, midstream and downstream in containers and preserved before they were taken to the laboratory from the field. For quality assurance (QA), the bottles were first rinsed thoroughly with distilled water, before collection of samples. Analysis was conducted for the following parameters lead, iron, Fe, chromium, cadmium, Temperature, phosphate, nitrate, sulphate, Ph, Dissolved oxygen, Total dissolved solid, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Total petroleum hydrocarbon and Tetrahydrocannabinol. The analyses of water were carried out in accordance with standard analytical methods described by APHA (2012). Results from the study reveal a pH mean of 6.8, lead 4.699mg/L, Cadmium 2.937mg/L, Iron 5.693mg/L, Chromium 2.921mg/L, Phosphate and 10.6mg/L which were all higher than the permissible limit with the exception of sulphate and nitrate which were below the permissible limit. The study showed an increased concentration of DO, TDS, PAH, TPH and THC for all the samples analyzed in the study. Results from WQI revealed that all samples calculated were above 100 meaning that the water is not good for drinking nor cooking. The study therefore recommended that government agencies should be proactive and monitor our waterbodies to ensure that dumpsites are not located around them as well as improving industrial waste management, enforcing stricter regulations, and enhancing water treatment processes to ensure safe and sustainable water quality for the community. Keywords: Assessment, impact, solid waste, pollution, water quality, sustainability.

Bridget E. Diagi
ABSTRACT
Nigeria has faced continual conflicts in recent decades, involving not only state actors but also non-state actors such as armed groups, religious leaders, and community militias. Despite these actors’ significant roles, traditional state-led approaches, which rely heavily on military operations, have failed to address the root causes of conflict, leaving social and political grievances unresolved. This study examines peace-building as an alternative approach to conflict resolution, with a focus on the potential of engaging non-state actors in conflict resolution. The study builds upon key theoretical frameworks, including Lederach’s conflict transformation theory, which advocates addressing underlying structures and relationships that fuel violence. Drawing on secondary data from journals, books, internet sources and relevant literature, the study highlights how peace-building transcends state centric methods by prioritizing dialogue, reconciliation, and local participation. By integrating non-state actors who possess local authority, knowledge, and influence peace building can bridge gaps between communities and formal state structures. However, the study also identifies challenges, such as the dual role of non-state actors as both peace builders and spoilers and the lack of trust between the state and local communities. Despite these challenges, the study argues that an inclusive, community-based peace-building approach can break cycles of violence and promote social cohesion, offering a more legitimate and effective pathway to lasting peace in Nigeria. The findings underscore the urgent need for policymakers and peace practitioners to shift from exclusive, state-led security responses to participatory frameworks that recognize the vital roles of non-state actors in addressing the complex roots of conflict. Keywords: Peace-building, non-state actors, conflict resolution, armed conflict, Nigeria.

Heman JOHNSON
ABSTRACT
This study explores innovative financing model for sustainable public procurement in Nigeria with particular focus on public private partnership. The independent variables were blended financing, green bond, infrastructure investment funds and infrastructure debt securitization as the innovative financing models while the dependent variable was sustainable public procurement (SPP). Sample of 44 employees drawn from the Bureau for Public Procurement (BPP) in their state offices in the five states that make up South East Nigeria was drawn. The sample size was selected using the census enumeration method since the population was finite. The data were generated through structured questionnaire and analyzed using the multiple regression analysis technique after coding the responses. The results indicated that blended finance enhances sustainable public procurement in Nigeria but not significantly, green bond significantly decreased sustainable public procurement in Nigeria, increase in infrastructure investment funds significantly increased sustainable public procurement practices in Nigeria and infrastructure debt securitization exerted positive but not significant effect on sustainable public procurement in Nigeria. The study concluded that blended finance, green bonds, infrastructure investment funds and infrastructure debt securitization were the most effective innovative methods of PPP project financing in Nigeria. The study recommended that the Nigerian government should create a strategic combination of public, philanthropic, and private capital in order to create scalable and bankable solutions to complex development challenges and ensure sustainable public procurement financing in Nigeria. Keywords: Public procurement, public-private partnerships, infrastructure debt securitization, innovative financing, environmental sustainability, government bond.

Vitalis I. Mgbebu
ABSTRACT
This study examines the role of innovative technologies in combating climate-driven environmental crimes in Enugu State, Nigeria. The state has witnessed an increase in environmental crimes such as illegal deforestation, sand mining, bush burning, and improper waste disposal, largely driven by climate change which results in land degradation, water pollution, flood, erosion and biodiversity loss. The limitations of manual surveillance and weak monitoring have created a gap which innovative technologies can help to bridge, this gap is what this study intends to fill. This study addresses climate-driven environmental crimes, focusing on Mobile Environmental Reporting Applications, Artificial Intelligence (AI), drone surveillance, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Surveillance Cameras. Environmental Governance Theory was adopted as theoretical framework. With sample size of 200 respondents, the study gathered qualitative data from oral interviews with community stakeholders, environmental and law enforcement officers and quantitative data through structured questionnaires across selected communities in Enugu State. Findings show that although some innovative technologies are being used in Enugu, their application and collaboration between agencies is still limited which slows down the effective use of technology in environmental protection. The study concludes with recommendations for training, investment in digital crime-fighting tools and collaborations to ensure sustainable environmental protection. Keywords: Climate change, environmental crime, environmental agencies, innovative technologies, Law enforcement agencies.

Nneka Nkiru Amaechi-Ani
ABSTRACT
The paper looks at the abysmal effects of Armed Banditry on the educational sector of the North-East and North-West Nigeria. The paper lays emphasis on the importance of education to societal development and the limitations armed banditry posed to the development of the Educational sector of the North-East and North-West regions. It also acknowledges the that parents and guardians are afraid of losing their children and wards to the armed bandits who in many cases kidnap the pupils or students along with some of their teachers for ransom; and therefore, prefer to withdraw their children and wards from school, which has led to the obvious depletion of the enrolment population and attendance of pupils and students in schools and teachers to skip classes for safety reasons. The paper adopted secondary research method that relies on the compilation of existing data sourced from the internet, journals and published text books. The paper therefore recommends that: the Federal Government of Nigeria should recruit more military personnel and make provision for more armoured vehicles, and ensure a good number of soldiers with armoured vehicle are stationed in the school premises, especially, in schools sited in remote areas of the State for effective security. It also recommends that Government at all levels, should encourage police-community relations and equip them with surveillance equipment for better policing of the community and schools environment; and the State governments in the North-East and North-West regions, should train and equip local vigilante group with crime fighting equipment, so that they can be more effective in securing school facilities and environs. Keywords: Armed Banditry, Education, Insecurity, North-East and North-West, Nigeria.

Influence EJIREFE
ABSTRACT
The negative interactions between humans and wild animals had attracted diverse undesirable consequences, both on people, resources, wildlife, and their habitats. The aim of this study assessed the current condition on wildlife species in Yankari Game Reserve, Bauchi State, Nigeria, Methods, the study involved the use of qualitative data, the data were collected using FGD with 3 local communities, 1 FGD with management staff and 2 with forest guides (rangers), the data collected for this study were analyzed using descriptive statistics using and thematic analysis. The finding indicated that wildlife species is dwindling, declined and ultimate extinction of some wildlife species in the game reserve due to various effects of human activities. This study concluded that the wildlife species has significant changes over since from the creation of the game reserve. It is recommended that Management should provide special training, funds, equipment and motivation to the rangers in order to encourage the activities of rangers for regulating related human activities in the game reserve. Keywords: Wildlife, biodiversity, game reserve, human activities, endangered species.

Usman Shehu Ahmad
Cover Page for Vol 2 (2) July , 2025
ABSTRACT Gender matters have become a vexed issue in contemporary times in our society. Gender mainstreaming remains a strategic approach to promoting gender equality as well as empowering women, as defined by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This involves integrating gender perspectives into all aspects and stages of the policy and programmatic process including design, implementation, monitoring, and of course evaluation. Gender mainstreaming is aimed at ensuring that both women and men can equally participate in, benefit from, and contribute meaningfully to sustainable development. It has been observed that our society has been dominated by male gender, and this does not make for egalitarianism. Mainstreaming gender, that is, ensuring that both female and male are given a level playing ground, by way of equal opportunities will give the women sense of belonging. This equal opportunity should be in almost all spheres of human endeavour including education, job opportunities, political arena among others. This paper sets out to investigate challenges hindering effective gender mainstreaming in Nigeria, assess the impact of gender mainstreaming and make proposals or recommendations on the strategies to actualize gender mainstreaming for sustainable development in Nigeria. In a bid to realize these lofty goals, secondary sources by way of internet and books were utilized extensively. Keywords: Gender, sustainability, strategies, mainstreaming, equality

Vitalis Amasiatu UDENSI
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to determine the consequences of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in some parts of Imo state to promote the well-being of students in tertiary institutions, thereby fostering a healthier and more successful academic experience for young adults. A total of 400 Questionnaires were distributed to students of tertiary institutions in Imo state. A total of 373 questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed using standard methods from the tools of Google analytics and Microsoft Excel. The findings of the study were that stimulants, depressants, tobacco and cannabis are the most abused drugs with percentages of 48 percent, 49.1 percent, 42.9 percent, and 41.4 percent respectively while least commonly abused is hallucinogenic substances with a percentage of 18.8 percent. The major reasons of drug abuse among students were peer pressure and social influence, 65.8 percent, Stress and Academic Pressure, 35.5 percent, Curiosity and Experimentation, 29.1 percent, Availability of Drug, 23 percent, and Family Factors, 35.8 percent. From the opinions of the respondents, the health implications were: Acute Toxicity, 53.2 percent, Acute Psychiatric Symptom, 40 percent, infectious diseases, 40.2 percent, cognitive deficits and memory problems, 39.5 percent, damage to organs, 45.3 percent and increase risks of heart diseases and lung cancer, 29.2 percent. The government and authorities of the institutions should collectively embark on the campaigns against the illicit use of drugs, create awareness through social media, public enlightenment and seminars about the negative effects of drug abuse. Keywords: Drug abuse, mental health, pressure, stress, lung cancer.

J.U. Udensi
ABSTRACT
This study examined the impact of oil wealth from Shell Petroleum Development Company, on women empowerment in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State. It provides in-depth literature specifically on the lived experiences of Rumuola women with regards to the impact of oil wealth on the empowerment of women in the areas of education/vocational training, entrepreneurial support and health/wellbeing, and interrogates the policy implications of environmental security for restoring woman wealth. Qualitative approach was adopted to gather primary data through In-depth Interview and Focus Group Discussion, in addition to ethnohistorical and emic perspectives. Secondary data complemented the responses/observations. Human security concept guided the study. Findings include: Oil wealth does not have any significant positive impact on the empowerment of women in the area of education/vocational training; Oil wealth does not have a positive impact on women empowerment in the areas of entrepreneurial support, and health/wellbeing. The study concludes that the unfavourable experiences of women are triggering a chain of security risks for the environment, and recommends that giving attention to gender issues and the wellbeing of women is very germane to achieving environmental security in Obio/ Akpor, Rivers State. Keywords: Environmental security, Rumuola, oil exploration, oil wealth, women empowerment.

Helen Oziri Mmecha
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the extent to which the Petroleum Training Institute (PTI), Effurun,complies with Article 9 of UNCAC, with particular attention to transparency, competitive bidding, and the application of objective award criteria. The research adopted a mixed? methods approach, using structured questionnaires and key informant interviews to collect data from procurement officers, auditors, managers, and contractors. In total, 120 valid responses were obtained through surveys, and 10 in-depth interviews were conducted. The quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS, while qualitative insights were thematically examined using NVivo to capture the institutional and cultural dynamics surrounding
procurement.The results point to partial compliance. Only about one-third of respondents confirmed that procurement information was consistently disclosed, and less than 40 percent of contracts during 2021–2023 were awarded through open competitive bidding. Just over 40 percent reported the use of pre-established evaluation criteria. Interviews revealed deeper issues, including political pressure, reliance on manual procedures, limited training, and a culture of informality that undermines existing rules. Statistical tests confirmed that transparency and competitive bidding are the strongest predictors of perceived compliance. The study concludes that PTI’s compliance is more formal than substantive. To close this gap, it recommends the adoption of e-procurement platforms, stronger enforcement of competitive bidding, continuous training for procurement staff, and the establishment of a credible bid-challenge system.
Keywords: Public procurement, UNCAC Compliance, transparency, competitive bidding,institutional barriers.

M.S. ABUBAKAR
ABSTRACT
This study explores the major constraints affecting works procurement management and performance in South-East Nigeria, focusing on public sector projects in Abia, Enugu, and Ebonyi States. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, involving structured surveys of 110 stakeholders and 18 semi-structured interviews. Quantitative analysis using chi-square and ANOVA revealed that all 15 identified constraints—such as inadequate funding, corruption,poor planning, and delayed contractor payments—had statistically significant impacts (p
Keywords: Works procurement, Public sector, Nigeria, E-procurement, Corruption,Infrastructure delivery.

C. A. ONYENSO
ABSTRACT
The study examined how soil and maize yields responded to the grassland management/treatment in the Guinea savanna of Nigeria. It is hypothesized that soil chemical properties are substantially disparitized under different grazing regime but appropriate fertilizer treatments would improve soil health. Data covering 14 management treatments including burning, litter removal, fertilization and mulching under grazed and non-grazed plots were collected and analyzed from the Guinea savanna agro-ecological zone. The result revealed that the grassland management produced significant variations in the plant-available nutrients and soil chemical properties except on pH (H2O). Maize grain yield showed no significant in early season mulching for the entire experiment. Early season with fertilizer has higher grain yield than late season without fertilizer. Maize grain and biomass production were significantly affected by litter availability. Cultivating maize in soil without the removal of the dead-matter can be an alternative for fertilization. Keywords: Grassland management, grazing and fertilization, soil nutrients, maize grain and biomass, Savanna

INTEGRATED GRASSLAND MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON SOIL HEALTH AND MAIZE YIELDS IN THE GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA
This study examined the weathering processes of several cations, their mobility, and utilization by trees at a highland forest ecosystem. Samples were collected from a drill-core and a soil-pit, with depths reaching up to 2345 cm and 150 cm, respectively. These samples were processed following lab procedures. Statistical analyses were used to determine the relationships between the soil elemental concentrations and distribution with respect to the profile depth. The results showed extremely low concentrations of Ca and Mg along the entire depth, ranging from 500 to 3000 ppm. At P
Key words: Acidification, atmospheric deposition, weathering process, granite, vegetation ecosystem.

FROM ROCK TO ROOT: TRACKING THE DYNAMICS OF SOIL NUTRIENTS IN GRANITIC HIGHLAND ECOSYSTEMS

Publications Phase 2: March 2025

VOL. 2 ISSUE 1, MARCH 2025
Explore our second edition publications

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ABSTRACT
Human expedition for equity, freedom, and justice within a micro and/or macro geographic space has gain global attention in this anthropocene. However, sustaining given quest sometimes attract conflicts, contingencies and uncertainties because of disparities in the level of individual or group awareness and application of knowledge in a given context. This study adopts a discourse analysis in elucidating possible dimensions and contextual applications of structuration theory in Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education as a unique academic environment (geosphere). Qualitative data were generated from the works of some Titans in structuration theory and contextualize in the study area with a view to offering expansive, yet, place-specific case applications. The results reveal that structuration theory has enable geographers to clearly understand and define the level of social interactions in context of enabling or constraining within the University space. It also provides a basis for geographers‟ rejection of the traditional divides between nature and humans that are common in social and Earth science researches. It offer an expansive perspective for promoting concept formations and understandings especially such as location, structure, space, and the importance of presence, absence, and exceptionality to interpret social relations in a university environment. In spite of the values, the theory is flaw on many grounds such as methodological inadequacies and over-reliance on abstract languages are usually eclipsed or unfitted to physical geographers whose interests is on practical needs of empirical researches in this anthropocene. There is urgent need for more issue-based studies on structuration theory to boost stakeholders and understanding of the University environment.
Keywords: Structuration theory, social system, structure, agency, geographic space.

Link
ABSTRACT
The spate of audit failures in the world has questioned the value relevance of firms’ financial reports. This has made investors to have less confidence in the financial reports of firms. In addition, most of the auditing researches carried out globally had focused on the external auditors’ attributes than the characteristics of the audit itself. As a result, this study examined the external audit characteristics on value relevance of listed firms in Nigeria. The study adopted an Ex post facto research design using a systematic sample design. The panel regression was used to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that, foreign audit characteristics had a little influence on market relevance of Nigerian listed enterprises. Among independent review attributes, audit impartiality had a negatively minimal influence on the value relevance of listed firms, whereas both external audit efficiency and timeliness had a positive insignificant impact on the earnings quality of listed firms' financial reports in Nigeria. It was suggested that firms modify the audit fee they pay to a more realistic average industry audit fee. External auditors must also work with the firm's audit committee and managers to ensure more timely audits that improve stakeholders' investment decision making in audits more valuable.
Keywords: External audit characteristics, value relevance and audit timeliness.

B. S. DAN PATRICK
ABSTRACT This study is focused on the empirical investigation of discriminant analysis in the context of land allocation for oil palm plantations in five distinct soil types:. When determining whether a soil type is suitable for oil palm cultivation and if mineral fertilisers are necessary, the chemical properties of the soil are considered more important than the physical properties of the soil. Understanding these soils and their response to cultural management practices is a necessity for any soil user or grower. The analysis employed canonical correlation along with Wilks' Lambda, yielding values of 0.754 and 0.178, respectively, and corresponding chi-square statistics of 82.503, indicating significance at p < 0.05. A total of 13 indicator factors were examined, seven out of these were significant, and magnesium (Mg) proved to be the most effective in differentiating between the soil categories. A comparison of the actual classifications of the five soil types with the predictions produced by the discriminant function showed groups 1 and 5 had the highest accuracy. They successfully classified 75% of the observations, while group 3 classified 64.2% of the observations accurately, displaying a moderate level of predictive performance. On the other hand, groups 2 and 4 recorded the lowest accuracy of predictions at 58.3% and 56.8% respectively. The overall discriminant accuracy (hit ratio) was recorded at 67.7% for classifying samples correctly. This study’s findings portray discriminant analysis as a valid tool for forecasting novel cases in the five most prevalent soil types in Southern Nigeria's Raphia production zone. Additionally, key soil variables such as magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), pH, calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and potassium (K) were noted to have a significant important influence in determining the soil type. As a result, this model demonstrates strong predictive capabilities, making it a valuable tool for classifying new cases in this context. Keywords: Discriminant analysis, soil diversity, oil palms, raphia growing zone, Southern Nigeria

BELLO BASHIR OLUFIHAN
ABSTRACT The study sought to establish the nexus between politicization of religion and the emergence of Boko Haram terrorist group in North Eastern Nigeria at the inception of the fourth republic. Qualitative methods of content analysis using group theory of politics was adopted. The study argued that though Islam was politicized in the previous republics, the politicization in the present fourth republic has taken a heighten dimension, as some northern political actors made bold attempts to upgrade the Sharia law from its customary status to that of criminal code and jurisdiction in their desperate move to win elections. Furthermore, having recruited Sharia foot soldiers (mostly youths) to secure electoral‟ victory; the politicians reneged on their campaign promises thereby leaving these youths to their fate without succor. This prompted the youths and their supporters to forcefully propagate Islamic extremism and occasional use of violence. A massive military crackdown by the state culminating in extra-judicial killing of the sect members drove them underground where they grew their terrorist fangs through training, weapons armaments, people‟s sympathy and followership to emerge a full-fledged terrorist group unleashing terror on security agents, citizens‟ lives and property and general insecurity in the country. The study recommends, in addition to tactical military engagement, more intelligence gathering to alter source of weapons and logistics supply, depletion of Boko Haram‟s popularity and recruitment prowess as well as massive economic development and employment generation.
keywords: Boko haram, politicization, religion, security threat, terrorism,

Ambrose Oluchukwu ABANEME
ABSTRACT The study examined gender as a predictor of job satisfaction and commitment among secondary school counsellors in Kano State. The research design adopted for this study is descriptive survey design. The population for the study was 1,526 secondary school counsellors. The sample size of 740 (243 females and 497 male) secondary school counsellors was used for the study. The sample was obtained using multi-stage sampling procedure involving stratified proportionate sampling and simple random sampling. The study used a researcher constructed questionnaire. The data collected for the study were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses at the significance level of 0.05. Findings revealed that there are no significant difference between gender and job satisfactions and between gender and job commitments among secondary school counsellors in Kano State, Nigeria. Similarly, the results showed that there is a significant difference between job satisfaction and job commitment of the secondary school counsellors. The study confirmed the important place occupied by gender of secondary school counsellors in its relationship with their job satisfaction and job commitment in the study area. The study recommended among others, that counsellor training/preparatory institutions and other relevant education stakeholders should be organizing workshops for existing secondary school counsellors so as to enhance their job satisfaction and commitment.
Keywords: Gender, job satisfaction, job commitment, secondary school, secondary schools’ counsellors

Sunusi Nuhammad
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the factors contributing to high levels of antisocial behavior among youths in Lafia metropolis, Nasarawa state, Nigeria, adopting a survey research design. Taro Yamane's formula was applied to determine the sample size from the population of study, where a sample of 204 was drawn from a population of 375,000. The study employed a structured questionnaire as an instrument of data collection, which was validated by doyens in the field of criminological studies. The reliability of the instrument was determined through internal consistency. Descriptive statistics with simple frequencies and percentages were utilized to scrutinize and analyze the research questions; meanwhile, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation was used to perform inferential statistical analysis, testing the study hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. The study identified substantial precursors to antisocial behaviors, including excessive and anonymous usage of social media. Additionally, the findings revealed that the family environment plays a crucial role in shaping deviant behaviors among youths, with factors such as family instability, single-parent households, poor parenting, and disadvantaged backgrounds. It was concluded that social media usage, family structure and peer influence are key factors contributing to the high prevalence of antisocial behaviors among youths in Lafia metropolis. The study, therefore, recommended implementing comprehensive educational programs to raise awareness among youths about the potential risks and negative consequences of immoderate and unregulated usage of social media. It was also suggested that counseling institutions provide supportive guidance to couples during times of family disruption, including pre- and post-separation counseling, to promote healthier family dynamics.
Keywords: Antisocial behaviors, youths, family structure, social media, peer influence.

BUHARI E. JIMOH
ABSTRACT
Niger's insecurity, fueled by terrorist threats, tribal rivalries, and poor governance led to the military‟s ambition to usurp power. But then the hoped-for stability has become elusive leading to the regime invitation to the Wagner Group to intervene so as to curb the challenge of insecurity and assist the Junta to consolidate power and usher in a regime of stability. It is on this premise that this study is undertaken, to examine the implications of Wagner Group intervention ostensibly to engender stability in the country. The study adopted desk review method, primarily utilizing secondary data sources and the realism theory of international relations was used as the theoretical framework. The study contended that the Wagner Group's presence in Niger could have both positive, in the short-term, it can help to maintain order. However, Wagner Group penchant for human rights abuse, corruption and being a ready tool for the pursuit of Russian geo-static interest in Africa could have negative implications for the sovereignty, security and stability in the Republic of the Niger. It concluded that the long-term effects Wagner‟s presence in Niger remain uncertain, with potential implications for political, economic, socio-economic, foreign relations, security and stability. Niger must be cautious about becoming overly dependent on Russian assistance, especially in sensitive areas like security and mining, to maintain sovereignty and long-term economic stability. It therefore, recommended that the Republic of the Niger government should engage with local communities, particularly marginalised groups, to address grievances in order to promote peace and stability through traditional dispute resolution mechanisms and it should closely monitor Wagner's activities.
Keywords: coup d'état, Niger, Russia, security, Wagner Group intervention

Nofiu Olamikulehin SALAMI,
ABSTRACT
This study examined the nexus between education and the unemployment rate in Nigeria (1993–2023), employing a comparative analysis. An ex-post facto research design was adopted, guided by a single objective, corresponding research question, and hypothesis. Data for the study were sourced from the World Bank (2024) for the specified period. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was utilized for analysis, conducted using the SPSS software package. The results revealed that education expenditure, with a coefficient of 0.002 at lag 0, has a positive and statistically significant correlation with the unemployment rate (p < 0.001). This highlights the crucial role of increased investment in education as a medium of reducing unemployment. Based on these findings, the study recommends, among other measures, that: The government should increase fiscal allocations to education to improve quality and align with global standards and Education policies should emphasize job creation, entrepreneurship, and self-sustainability to address unemployment effectively.
Keywords: Education, Unemployment rate, GDP growth, Education Expenditure

DAUDA DANLAMI
ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between innovative funding techniques and the sustainability of private secondary education in Cross River State, Nigeria. Two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the research. A correlational research design was employed, with the population comprising 381 private secondary school administrators in Cross River State. Using a purposive sampling technique, a sample of 281 school administrators were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Innovative Funding Techniques and Sustainability of Secondary Education Questionnaire (IFTSPSEQ). The instrument's face and content validity were established by three experts in Educational Management and Measurement and Evaluation from the Faculty of Educational Foundation Studies, University of Calabar. Reliability was assessed using the Cronbach Alpha method, yielding reliability coefficients of .81 and .83. The null hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 significance level using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. The results revealed a significant relationship between crowdfunding and the revitalization of business ventures and the sustainability of secondary education in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study concluded that innovative funding techniques, such as crowdfunding and business venture revitalization, are critical for enhancing the sustainability of private secondary education in the state. These findings emphasize the importance of adopting diversified funding strategies to address financial constraints, reduce dependency on government allocations, and enhance the quality and resilience of secondary education systems. It is recommended that private school administrators integrate crowdfunding into their financial techniques by leveraging platforms that engage stakeholders such as alumni, parents, and community members. This approach will enable schools to secure additional funds for infrastructure, teaching resources, and educational programs. Keywords: Innovative, funding, techniques, sustainability, private secondary education.

EDUT EGBE OBONA
ABSTRACT
This study examined mathematics assessment skills needs of Economics teachers for effective instructional delivery in Public secondary schools in South East, Nigeria. The population of the study was 730 with a sample of 258 comprising 47 Mathematics Educators and 211 Economics teachers drawn from public universities and secondary schools in the south East respectively using multistage sampling technique. The research design was descriptive research design. The instrument for data collection was a 53-item researcher developed questionnaire titled: Mathematical Skill Needs of Economics Teachers for Effective Instructional Delivery Questionnaire (MSNETEIDQ). Weighted mean and Improvement Need Index analysis were used to answer the research questions raised for the study while t- test statistic was used to test the hypotheses that guided the study at 0.05 level of significant. The results found out that the mathematics assessment skill needs of Economics teachers for effective Economics instructional delivery include the analytical skills, critical thinking skills, and differentiated instruction skills. Based on the results, it was recommended that school administrations should organize regular training for teachers on the effective use of assessment skill in instructional delivery.
Keywords: Skill needs, economics teachers, mathematical assessment, instructional delivery.

SOLOMON IHUOMA IWEJUO
ABSTRACT
Digital banking is among the technological innovations currently reverberating the cyber wave. this study seeks to assess communication, awareness and acceptance of it among the residents of south-east and south-south, nigeria. the survey objectives were to ascertain awareness level of the south-east and south-south residents towards digital banking during the cash crunch, determine the acceptance level of digital banking among the south-east and south-south residents, find out the role of communication in awareness and acceptance of digital banking during the cash crunch in south-east and south-south nigeria, and assess the usage of digital banking amidst cash crunch in south-east and south nigeria. the study methodology is a sample survey which allowed researchers to administer questionnaires on 385 respondents out of the 50,166,807 study population. the findings showed that awareness level of digital banking was good (36%) in south-east and south-south nigeria during the cash crunch but it level of acceptance and usage improved more (37%) after the cash crunch. the study also ascertained that communication contribute significantly (59%) towards the usage and acceptance of digital banking in the two zones. it further showed that usage of digital banking in south-east and south-south has improved due to significant contributions of communication.
Keywords: cash crunch, communication, digital banking, south-east and south-south Nigeria

Okechukwu Christopher ONUEGBU
ABSTRACT
The budgeting process is a crucial component of public financial management and a key determinant of economic stability in any country. This present study on budgeting processes and economic instability in Nigeria during President Buhari‟s second term has revealed several critical insights into the challenges, inefficiencies and potential solutions within the Nigerian fiscal framework. Guided by three research questions and their corresponding objectives, this study anchored on the „fiscal theory of the price level‟ (FTPL) and the use of qualitative descriptive approach. The study relied on documentary materials and adopted content analysis method. Document analysis was however based on government budget documents, policy briefs and fiscal reports from Buhari‟s administration. The study findings highlighted significant issues in budget formulation, revenue generation, expenditure management, and institutional capacity that have contributed to economic instability. The study also observed chronic delays in budget approval disrupted fiscal planning and implementation, undermining the effectiveness of public expenditure. Also, overreliance on oil revenues, coupled with inefficient tax administration, resulted in consistent revenue shortfalls and fiscal instability, poor planning and lack of fiscal discipline led to budget overruns and inefficient resource allocation, and inadequate institutional capacity and pervasive corruption which further exacerbated budgeting inefficiencies and economic instability. The study found that the challenges of budgeting processes posed negative impacts economic stability in Nigeria. The study concludes that addressing the identified challenges and inefficiencies in Nigeria's budgeting processes is imperative for enhancing economic stability. The study recommends amongst others that, the enhancement of budget formulation and approval processes.
Keywords: Budget, budgeting process, economic instability, budget padding

HENRY NKEM EMENONYE
ABSTRACT
Neonatal mortality is a major contributor to Under-five mortality. This corollary is predicated on socio-economic and demographic factors. This study adopted the integration of descriptive survey and GIS to geo-spatially analyze the clusters of neonatal mortality from 2009-2019 in Imo State, Southeastern Nigeria. Data acquisition involved the collection of data from the selected local government areas in Imo state’s Public Hospitals’ records of neonates who were delivered, admitted and died within 28 days after birth from the year 2009 – 2019 in the study area. The study population included the twenty seven local government areas and the seventeen Public Hospitals in the study area. The analysis of spatial autocorrelation was carried out using Moran’s local indicator (Moran I) of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) in Arc-GIS 10.4, in order to facilitate the identification of area clusters with significant patterns of spatial association. The result shows a statistically significant positive Local Moran’s I index (LMiIndex) of 0.226715 which confirms that there is a positive autocorrelation of Neonatal mortalities in Okigwe local government area. It can be concluded that there is a high clustering of Neonatal mortality in Okigwe local government area. The study therefore proffers: governmental execution of infrastructural developments, strategic methodology and blue-prints, and refurbishment of the existing public hospitals in the mitigation of neonatal mortality in the study area.
Keywords: Cluster, neonatal, mortality, geo-spatial, study area.

TOOCHUKWU ACHO AGIRIGA
ABSTRACT
The protracted quest for sustainability of teaching strategies in Social Studies and Civic education depicts dynamism based on the context and content of what teachers present as subject matter in the given sub-disciplines. From the dimension of teaching and learning processes, scaffolding as an innovative strategy has gained attention in academic institutions within the developed countries. The progress necessitates an overview of a case study within an emerging university environment in Nigeria with a view to erasing the past neglect of the vitality and values of adopting not scaffolding strategy. The results reveal that scaffolding remains one of the most powerful educational strategies in Social Studies education that enhances the achievement of Social Studies goals, but the level of knowledge application is constraints by limited facilities that can aid practical works. Similarly, the instructional strategy has help in bridging the gap between students’ abilities by providing structured support and gradually increasing students’ independence. It also possesses high potential to foster a deeper understanding of Social Studies content, development of essential analytical skills, and achievement of the goals of Social Studies as enshrined in the National Policy on Education. Therefore, scaffolding is seen as a Social Studies strategy that can enhance the learners to acquire the 21st century skills needed to explore the contemporary environment. This study recommends that curriculum planners and organizations should incorporate more 21st century packages including scaffolding practical for delivering social studies content to achieve values and other set goals.
Keywords: Scaffolding, social studies, teaching strategy, traditional method

Idorenyin Ephraim EBEBE
ABSTRACT
This study was on Assessment of the Role Performance of Head Teachers on the Management of Nomadic Schools in Yobe State of Nigeria. The study has two (2) objectives,in line with these objectives, two research questions, two null hypotheses were formulated respectively. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. A total of two hundred and sixty (260) respondents were sampled from the total population of seven hundred and two (702), through the use of research advisor (2006). A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using weighted means to give the responses of respondents to the research questions. The two null hypotheses were tested using One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 alpha level of significance.Major findings of the study were that: It was established by the findings of this study that the head teachers of nomadic schools made efforts in area of maintenance and utilization of infrastructural facilities but couldn’t do anything in terms of provision of the infrastructure in Nomadic Schools in Yobe State. This was obtained from the responses of the respondents to the structured questions given to them. There was a unanimous acceptance of the all the item statement on research question one that most Head Teachers do very well in the management of infrastructural facilities in Nomadic Schools; among which are: there is proper placement of available infrastructural facilities by the Nomadic School Heads.; The study concluded that: Most of the head teachers of nomadic schools in Yobe State largely performed their roles as expected particularly in the areas of; maintenance and utilization of infrastructural facilities.
Keywords: Role performance, head teachers, Normadic school, management

AHMED MOHAMMED DEDE
ABSTRACT
The study examined principals‟ managerial competence and teachers‟ effectiveness in public secondary schools in Akure North Local Government Area of Ondo State. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The sample comprised 111 teachers and 10 principals who were selected using multi-stage sampling procedure. Two research questions were answered using descriptive statistics while three hypotheses were tested and analysed using inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance respectively. Findings from the study showed that the level of principals‟ managerial competence in public secondary schools in Akure North Local Government Area of Ondo State was moderate ( X = 3.35); the level of teachers‟ effectiveness in public secondary schools in Akure North Local Government Area of Ondo State towards their job was moderate ( X = 3.16); Results further showed that a significant relationship existed between principals‟ managerial competence and teachers‟ effectiveness (r squared =0.732 P
Keywords: Principals‟ managerial competence, teachers‟ effectiveness, motivation, communication, attitude to work, job performance.

Mosunmola Louise LAMIDI
ABSTRACT This study investigates the effect of board characteristics on the financial performance of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria, focusing on CEO duality and audit committee size.. The inconsistency in past research findings on the nexus between board characteristics and financial outcomes prompted this examination within the Nigerian banking sector, characterized by regulatory pressures and corporate governance reforms. Secondary data was collected from the annual reports of ten listed DMBs spanning the period 2013 to 2022. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and panel data techniques based on robust least squares regression, were used to analyze the data. The methodology accounted for non-normality and heteroscedasticity in the dataset, using Huber regression and M-estimation procedures to reduce the influence of outliers. The findings indicate that CEO duality and audit committee size showed no significant effect on ROA, with p-values of 0.8345, and 0.2930 respectively. The results suggest that increasing audit committee size does not automatically lead to better financial outcomes. The insignificance of CEO duality challenges assumptions regarding leadership structure's influence on performance. The study concludes that effective governance in the Nigerian banking sector requires a holistic approach that prioritizes the quality of board composition and independence over mere structural attributes and recommends that regulatory bodies prioritize board independence in governance reforms, as it has a measurable impact on financial performance. Additionally, emphasis should be placed on improving the quality and expertise of audit committee members rather than simply increasing their number. These findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on corporate governance and suggest that Nigerian banks can benefit from more independent and diverse boards to enhance their financial performance. Keywords: Board characteristics, CEO duality, Audit committee size, financial performance, Return on Asset

LINDA OGBULAFOR
ABSTRACT
This study aimed at assessing the adequacy and quality of basic infrastructural facilities in the resettled community of Muregi. Data were collected using quasi-random sampling technique, where 127 respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools (percentages, graphs tables Chi-square and T-test) were used to analyze the quality and adequacy of infrastructural facilities before and after resettlement in the study area. The result of the analysis indicated that the community had inadequate pit latrines (82%), access to water closets systems (18%). improper method of waste disposal (34%), poor access to roads (67%), access to boreholes for water (66%)), healthcare satisfactory (56.9% ), depended on wells for their water supply (26%) and about 34% of the sample were connected to the privately owned electricity supply through mobile generators. The result also showed that 35% of the respondents occupied buildings constructed with mud blocks and zinc-galvanized iron sheet roofs in a rectangular shape, and good water quality (20.7%), quality of education provided in public primary schools (56.9%), 64% respondents reside in their own houses, 30% reside in houses they have acquired by inheritance. By examining the infrastructural facilities in Muregi community, this study provided valuable insight for policy makers, local authorities, and stakeholders to develop targeted interventions on strategies for improving the community’s infrastructure and, ultimately, its socioeconomic development.
Keywords: Infrastructural facilities, quality and adequacy, resettlement, Muregi community.

I. J. MASHA
ABSTRACT
This study is to determine the consequences of examination malpractice on the student academic achievement in secondary schools in Gashua/Nguru Education Zone Yobe state Nigeria. Three objectives and thee research questions were formulated to guide the study. A survey research design was used to for the study and population consisted of three categories of participants which include (4500) four thousand five hundred SS1 students, (5400) five thousand four hundred SS11 students and (5410) five thousand four hundred and ten SS111 respectively, totaling (15310) fifteen thousand three hundred and ten with a sample size of two hundred and forty (240) as suggested by research advisors‟ table of sampling 2006. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using mean and frequency table. The result showed that un seriousness among students and teachers and overloaded syllabus are the causal agent of the examination malpractice among secondary schools. The researchers recommended that workshop and seminars should be organized for both the teachers, parents and examination officers for them to see the need to fight against the menace among students.
Keywords: Examination, malpractice, consequences, academic, achievement.

Ahmed Mohammed Dede
ABSTRACT
This study explores the correlation between teachers' characteristics, work environment, and secondary school students' academic performance in Niger East Senatorial District, Niger State, Nigeria. Employing a descriptive survey design, the research sampled three hundred (300) participants, comprising 100 teachers and 200 students from ten senior secondary schools. Data collection utilized a structured questionnaire and students' term scores in English and Mathematics. Results reveal significant relationships between teacher qualifications, experience, competence, and work environment on students’ academic performance. Findings highlight the critical role of conducive learning environments and teacher development in academic success. Recommendations are made to policymakers and educators to prioritize teacher training, improve school infrastructure, and ensure equitable distribution of resources.
Keywords: Teachers’ characteristics, Work environment, Academic performance, Teacher qualifications, Teacher competence.

OBALOLU TOBI ONIGBINDE
ABSTRACT
The paper examined the interplay between climate change financing and environmental crises in Nigeria during the period 2020-2022. Against the backdrop of escalating environmental challenges, this research investigated the allocation and utilization of climate change financing in addressing and mitigating the environmental crises such as flooding and deforestation faced by Nigerians. The primary objectives of this study were twofold: firstly, to analyze budget allotted by the Federal Government for climate change financing during the specified timeframe, and secondly, to assess the impact of such financing on mitigating environmental crises prevalent in the country. The study is qualitative research and used qualitative methods such as case studies and content analysis to discern the effectiveness of and hindrances to effective climate change financing efforts in addressing environmental challenges in the country. The study found that poor climate change financing and lack of transparency in climate funds disbursement contributed to people‘s vulnerability to flooding and deforestation in Nigeria within the study period. Amongst others, the study recommended that climate finance must be drastically scaledup across the entire financial ecosystem, and especially from the private sector.
Keywords: Climate change, climate change financing, climate funds, environmental crisis, vulnerability

CHUKWUNONSO JOSEPH AKOGWU
ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the relationship between migration and human security in Nigeria. The writer affirms that the practice of migrating from one place to another is biblical and should be considered as healthy for the citizens of every society not just for the developed regions. Migration is a component of human behaviour determined by certain environmental and psychological factors. The paper states why people migrate from one place to the other, either nationally or internationally across borders. Though migration is a phenomenon that has existed in the past, present-day post-colonial Nigeria, its concept and context is saddled with a number of challenges. The paper therefore proffers some solutions to the problems, in order to have a peaceful coexistence among the people of Nigeria. A descriptive technique was employed in carrying out the research. The researcher extensively used both primary and oral sources of information. The research revealed that migration is imperative to globalization. It is needed for national and international developments. The research further revealed the various reasons why people migrate, ranging from sociological, political, and economic to ecological/environmental reasons. However, it finally suggested that extant national and international laws should be invoked in other that, both the emigrants and their host communities would be at peace with one another In the final analysis the paper recommends the need for good governance in Nigeria to reduce the rate of irregular migrations which exposes migrants to all sorts of security challenges.
Keywords: Border, crime, geopolitics, human security, migrant, migration.

Emmanuel Chijioke AGOHA
ABSTRACT
This literature review examines gradeless learning as an innovative approach that prioritises intrinsic motivation, deep learning, and holistic development over traditional grading practices. While grades have long been used to measure academic achievement, their impact on student well-being, engagement, and learning outcomes has increasingly sparked critical debate. Gradeless learning also challenges conventional assessment practices by emphasising qualitative feedback, self-reflection, and mastery of content. Rooted in theories such as self-determination and self-efficacy, this approach fosters autonomy, competence, and collaboration among students, reducing stress and enhancing intrinsic motivation. The literature review highlights the benefits of gradeless learning, including improved critical thinking, creativity, and self-efficacy, alongside its capacity to reduce anxiety and promote lifelong learning skills. Gradeless practices such as narrative feedback, portfolio assessments, and pass/fail grading empower learners to focus on growth rather than competition. The paper highlights the need for continued exploration of gradeless learning to refine its implementation and address concerns about its long-term effectiveness across diverse educational contexts.
Keywords: Gradeless learning, gradelessness, ungrading, assessment, alternative assessment

YUSUF JOSIAH
ABSTRACT
Nigeria is a political entity with six geo political zones. Appointments into federal ministries, agencies and parastatals for the sake of fairness and equity are supposed to be shared among these zones in accordance with the Federal character principle. The Federal character principle is rooted in the proneness for fairness and equity. However, the Ibos from the South-East geo-political zone following the various appointments in the Mohammed Buhari civil administration feel greatly marginalized. This is also same for the South-South whohave in the previous years called for Resource control. This paper asserts that there is a history of violation of principle of Federal character in federal appointments. This allegation of violation can better be understood through a comparative framework analysis, the paper argued. A cursory look at the tables of appointment under the different regimes below under study depicts an outright violation of Federal character principle between 1966 and 1994. The same finding is evidenced under Goodluck Jonathan and Mohammed Buhari civil administrations. The paper therefore proffered a two-pronged attack on violation of the principle as solution. One, eradicating the capacity to marginalize and demarginalization of the Ibos and other groups that feel marginalized.
Keywords: Administration, marginalization, federal character, federal Principle,
appointments.

JOSEPH EBERECHUKWU AKONYE
ABSTRACT This paper examined staff training and utilization and enhancement of sustainable development of the Nigerian economy. It is evident that investments in manpower training and utilization is associated with long term benefits, and organizations (both private and public) that embraces it are better positioned for optimal success. This is because the manpower (staff) in an organization, not capital or income or natural resources that constitute the ultimate basis for the nation’s capital as natural resources are passive factors of production. competent manpower are the agents that accumulates capital, exploit natural resources, build social, economic and political organizations that enhances national sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is therefore to examine staff training and utilization and how it impacts on the elusive sustainable development in many sections of the Nigerian economy. The paper adopted the qualitative and descriptive design and relied heavily on secondary sources of data such as textbooks, journals etc. Personnel process model was adopted as the framework of analysis and content analysis which showed that there is inadequate attention given to staff training and thus have negative effects on sustainable development in the country. The paper therefore recommends among others the need for improvement on manpower training and utilization strategies in both public and private sectors of the economy in order to enhance sustainable development in Nigeria.
Keywords: Manpower, training, utilization, sustainable, development

AKOR, Ekere Sunday
ABSTRACT
Insecurity has wrecked much mayhem in several spheres of life, education sector included. This study investigated the effect of insecurity on the emotional stability of non-residential undergraduates in Ogun State, with a keen focus on Olabisi Onabanjo University. It adopted descriptive research design and selfstructured questionnaire as instrument of data collection. A total of 216 respondents were sampled with simple random sampling. Mean and standard deviation were adopted to analyse the data gathered. The finding revealed that insecurity in the study area was of different nature like theft and vandalism of students’ properties, sexual harassment and assault like rape, kidnapping and abduction of students, bullying and violence by cult groups, among others. Also, the study discovered that substance abuse and alcoholism, greed, get-rich-quick syndrome, peer pressure, student’s unionism related violence, some host communities’ traditions and cultism caused insecurity in the study area. It further revealed that insecurity led to anxiety, depression, stress, emotional distress, critical medical conditions and at times resulted into premature death of undergraduates. The study concluded that insecurity fueled stress, depression and anxiety among students and caused social isolation or behavioural changes that hindered their emotional stability. It recommended, among others, that government should create special security architecture or units to implement, reinforce and oversees robust security measures within schools and students’ residential areas. Universities should prioritise launching comprehensive emotional intelligence and emotional well-being programmes.
Keywords: emotion, emotional stability, insecurity, Ogun State, undergraduate.

ADEDAYO OYEWOLE SOFADEKAN
ABSTRACT
The study examined human capital development and economic growth in selected ECOWAS
countries for the period 2000 to 2019. The study utilized the Panel ARDL cross sectional
method of estimation while using E views 11 statistical software program for the re gression
analysis and adequately sourced the panel data cross sectional time series from World
Development Indicators (WDI). The study revealed that Domestic government health
expenditure of selected ECOWAS member countries had a strong negative relationsh ip with
economic growth in the short run and statistically significant at the 5% level of significance.
Domestic government education expenditure of selected ECOWAS member countries had a
strong negative relationship with economic growth in the short run a nd statistically
significant at the 5% level of significance. Based on these findings, the study recommended
among others that selected ECOWAS member governments should implement appropriate
policies to modify the educational and health sectors of the econ omy in order to improve the
region's standard of living while also making education affordable and accessible to all, and
that policymakers in the region should implement policies to help improve human capital
spending.
Keywords:
Human c apital d evelopmen t e conomic g rowth; ECOWAS; e ducation

Akobundu Precious Chukwuma
ABSTRACT
The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of technical and vocational skills acquisition on self employment in Benin Metropolis, Edo State. This paper employed descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was 75 registered experts in the selected skills in Benin Metropolis. Purposive/judgmental sampling was adopted to select respondents whose opinions are relevant and to make valuable decisions. Thus, 75 samples were arrived at based on value judgement that the respondents are very knowledgeable in the subject matter. The instrument for data collection was closed ended structured questionnaire. The study adapted items suitable in measuring the various construct of this study from previous studies. The questionnaire was designed using 5 point likert scales ratings of “strongly disagree” (1) and “strongly agree” (5). Face validity assessment in this area of academic discipline was also done by the issuance of a copy of the questionnaire each to three experts in the field. Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of instruments used with alpha value of .786. Data were coded using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Hypotheses were tested using multiple regression. The findings show that tailoring, food service, cosmetology, and photography skills have positive significant influence on self employment. The study recommended that the career counsellors and other stakeholders should continue to counsel the youths and graduates on the important of skills acquisition on tailoring and fashion designing, food service, cosmetology and photography for self employment.
Keywords: Technical vocational skills acquisition, tailoring and fashion designing skill, food service skill, cosmetology skill, photography skill and self employment.

ENOBUN NWIDI, Patience Enyiamaka
ABSTRACT
The quest to secure a peaceful atmosphere has consistently failed in a secularist and pluralist Nigeria following the phenomenal killings; kidnap for ransom, Boko-haram operations and so many other insurgencies, particularly, the operation of the separatist groups like the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) activities in the country. The Nigeria state has since the inception of the first republic battled a myotomy of experience in her struggle for survival. Regional agitations for dominance and control of resource allocation have fueled conflicting interest amongst the different sister-regions and has promoted unsafe atmosphere for the citizens‟ habitation and peaceful coexistence with one another. This paper is an investigatory analysis of the reason behind civil unrest caused by the different non-state actors and their agitations for separation, unraveling the severe implications on the national peace and security of lives and properties. This paper adopted content analysis and qualitative data gathering as research methodology. The paper concludes that marginalization and the high level of corruption, nepotism, or cronyism and systematic human rights violations or repression on the people of South-East (Igbos) promoted separatist agitations in the South- East region. This paper recommends amongst others that South- East region state actors should engage separatist leaders and the government into dialogue for the negotiation of inclusive governance for mutually beneficial solutions.
Keywords: Separatist, agitations, security, lives, properties.

1CHARITY ENIFOME CHIADIKA
ABSTRACT
Election malpractices connote those acts of omission or commission involved in by those who organize, canvass or vote during elections. This, by whichever way it is being executed is often targeted to directly or indirectly give undue advantages to some individuals contesting elections and in the same vein, create some handicaps to certain candidates who are also contesting elections, thereby vitiating the reliability or legality of election outcomes. It is disheartening to state that African variant of democracy has lost its value to militeralism and one party autocracy to the detriment of multiparty and genuine competitive elections which true democracy is known for. This was in no doubt, practically seen in the 2023 general election, where the two reverent institutions (electoral umpire and the judiciary). This paper sets out to unravel the fact that the history of elections in Nigeria is more or less the history of electoral violence and various categories of malpractices. It shall examine the massive irregularities and monumental Fraud/ violence that have characterized elections in post-independent Nigeria, especially the 2023 general election, the role of INEC during the election and how it has failed to promote sustainable democracy and credible elections in Nigeria. The paper adopts content analysis and quantitative data gathering as research methodology. Findings reveal that electoral fraud or violence has become endemic in Nigeria that election periods are no longer for campaigns and garnering of support for party ideologies, but times of fashioning various methods of circumventing the electoral procedures, particularly through the manipulation of the institutions that determine election outcome. The paper recommends among other things that improved electoral technology and the use of BVAS still remains the best alternative for the achievement of credible, free and fair election at all levels in Nigeria. Therefore, INEC should adhere strictly to its use.
Keywords: Electoral management, credibility, election, state, failure.

GODFAVOUR OLAYEMI BABATUNDE
ABSTRACT
This study examined the utilization of digital library services by psychology students in Imo State; four objectives and four research questions were stated to guide the study. The study adopted descriptive survey design using questionnaire which contain 29 items as instrument for data collection. The population of the study was 1,246 while a total sample of 230 students were used as the sample population. The data collected was analyzed using mean. It was found among others that both AIFCE and IMSU have fair functional digital library. The constraints facing the utilization of digital library services by students are insufficient power supply, insufficient fund, lack of staff students’ awareness, and insufficient computers. The researcher recommended among others things that; students should have to be inculcated with the habit of making effective use of digital libraries for their academic works.
Keywords: Utilization, digital, library, information, psychology

Obinna Nosike OBIALOR
ABSTRACT:
The paper interrogates demarcation of boundaries in Igboland and the broader question of ethnic identity in Nigeria, 1960 to 2019 has been central to the nation's socio-political evolution. Following Nigeria's independence in 1960, the issue of boundary formation and the determination of ethnic identity became pivotal in the political struggles of different ethnic groups, particularly the Igbo. The daunting drawback of Igbo communities in Nigeria is the question of geopolitical area. It is very amazing the overt dereliction of justice in 1976 when the Mamman Nasir Federal Government Boundary Adjustment Commission made frantic effort to cede/demarcate some core Igboland territories into some neighboring states of the south- south geo-polity of Nigeria. The historical complexity of Igbo identity shaped by both internal diversities and external influences has been a key driver of the narrative surrounding ethnicity, regionalism, and national unity. Historical analysis has been employed as the study method. This article delves into the evolution of Igbo ethnic identity, the political significance of boundary demarcation, and the consequences of national cohesion in Nigeria. By examining key events such as the Civil War (1967-70), the reshaping of states, and contemporary challenges, this article argues that the complexities surrounding the boundary and ethnic identity question have often been overlooked, leading to a persistent sense of marginalization and delusion of national unity. The paper concludes thus; the federal government should through her special commissions on boundary waddle into resolving the boundary imbroglios with a view to achieving sustainable development in the study area, and to guarantee peaceful co-existence.
Keywords; Boundary, dispute, adjustment, territory, development, demarcation, dereliction.

CHINENYENWA OBIAKU CHUKWULETA,
ABSTRACT
Since the return to democratic governance in Nigeria in 1999, electoral irregularities have significantly hampered successful conduct of credible elections. These electoral anomalies have over the years manifested in the forms of underage voting, snatching of election materials, harassment of electoral officials and voters, ballot box stuffing, declaration of results in situations and locations where elections never held, and trading of voter identification cards for cash during elections. The bid to tackle these challenges prompted a number of electoral reforms by INEC, eventually leading to the adoption of various election technologies since 2011 and the implementation of bimodal voter accreditation system (BVAS) from 2021. This study investigated the role of BVAS in tackling incidents of snatching of election materials in the 2023 Presidential election in Nigeria. The study is qualitative research and it adopted the documentary method of data collection. Findings reveal that the BVAS utilized in the conduct of the election, to a great extent, reduced incidents of snatching of election materials. In order to improve on and consolidate these gains, it’s pertinent that Nigeria's electoral umpire should amongst others ensure that advanced cybersecurity protocols are established to protect against hacking and data breaches.
Keywords: BVAS, election, election technology, INEC, voting

CHUKWUNONSO JOSEPH AKOGWU
ABSTRACT
This study specifically examines the mechanism of putting South-East States to sound Socio-Economic development through Diaspora collaboration and investment strategy. South-East states inhabitants are facing severe monumental and terrifying Socio-Economic disruptions and dysfunctions due to incessant security challenges and other forms of criminalities that have bedeviled the areas. This precarious situation has significantly paralyzed the socio-economic endeavors of the people as activities have dwindled precipitously. This study’s central objective is to determine the role of Diaspora Collaborative Investment Strategy in the restoration and building of strong economy of the Zone. The study reviewed extant and related Literature. The study also utilized co-operative theory for its theoretical framework. Methodologically, the study utilized qualitative research design, employed Documentary Secondary Sources of data for its investigation. The study further utilized content analyzes in the interpretation of its data. The result of the study indicates that the South-East zone is currently having a deplorable and negative impact on its socio-economic development as a result of the disruption of economic and other related activities. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the indigenes should look inward and nip in the bud these devastating security threats that have become cancerous to the zone. The study further recommended holistic measures which include the need to promote dialogue, synergy and collaboration among the people with the proactive Investment role of the Diasporas for the growth and Economic Development of the Zone.
Keywords: Strategy, security challenges, socio-economic development, diaspora collaboration, investment

EBIZIEM, JUDE EBIZIEM,
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the nexus between environmental disclosure and market value added of quoted oil and gas firms in Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) for the period of eleven (11) years spanning from 2012 to 2022. Emission Disclosure (EMID), Compliance Disclosure (COMD), Effluent and Waste Disclosure (EFWD) were used to proxy environmental disclosure while Market Value Added (MVA) served as the dependent variable. In line with the objectives of the study, three hypotheses were formulated. Ex-post facto research design was employed. Six (6) out of the eleven (11) quoted oil and gas firms constituted the sample size of this study. Secondary data were extracted from the annual reports and accounts of the sampled firms in accordance with Global Reporting Initiative Fourth Generation (GRIG4) indicators of environmental reporting using content analysis. The study employed inferential statistics using Panel Least Square (PLS) regression analysis to analyse the variables. Findings from the empirical analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between compliance disclosure and effluent and waste disclosure on market value added while emission disclosure revealed negative and significant relationship on market value added. The study recommended inter alia that companies like oil and gas firms should take the issue of environmental disclosures serious, so as to enhance the confidence of the public on their operations which will definitely translate to improved performance.
Keywords: Environmental disclosure, emission, compliance, effluent waste, market value added,

CELESTINE O. OKIKE,
ABSTRACT
The Nigerian electoral system and processes have been fraught with impunity and high level of malpractices that makes achieving democracy, credible, free and fair election through human rights practices a mirage for dream. The worst of it all is that the electoral officials, including the electoral umpire now compromise their integrity and engage in a very inimical pattern of conducting elections. This unethical phenomenon of the electoral umpire has dashed the hope of citizens in achieving democracy in such a way that their fundamental human rights to vote and make their rightful choice of candidates are often defeated. This paper advocates ways to strengthen human rights practices for democratic consolidation. The paper adopted both primary and secondary sources of data collection. It also made use of content analysis and quantitative data gathering, as well as mean statistics for data analysis as research methodology. The findings of the study showed amongst others that political education helped to inform the citizen about their political rights and privileges and make them to engage actively in the political participation for the selection of a right candidate among electorate. Based on this, the paper recommended amongst others that Political education of the electorate should be a continuous activity on radio, television, Facebook and other related social media channels and not only during election period.
Keywords: Political education, human rights and democratic consolidation

OKPARANTA EZENDAH
ABSTRACT
This paper examines „ethno-religious identity, resource control and peace building in plateau northern and Kaduna southern senatorial districts: an empirical review‟. The work is determined to give an empirical overview of the sample data collected in the research area. Non-Probability Sampling (NPS) method is used. „Onion/Doughnut Model‟ as a framework explains why resource control hides its monster behind ethno-religious identity, in which case, peace building then becomes the receiving end of such relationship. The findings reveal that ethno-religious identity does influence resource control in plateau northern and Kaduna southern senatorial districts, and the sample concurs that at 68% which is more than (2/3). Again, resource control is the root-cause of violent conflicts in the region, which is shown by 61% of the sample, being a little bit less than (2/3). And finally, factors such as ethno-religious bigotry, discrimination, injustice and preferential treatment largely on the side of political governance exacerbate violent conflicts over ethno-religious identity, resource control and peace building in plateau northern and Kaduna southern senatorial districts, as demonstrated by 82% which is greater than (3/4) of the sample. Hence, the research recommends that there should be massive education on ethno-religious identity, just allocation of resource and finally, leaders across board should ensure equity and justice in resource allocation, which will nip in the bud factors exacerbating violent conflicts over ethno-religious identity, resource control and peace building in plateau northern and Kaduna southern senatorial districts.
Keywords: Ethno-religious identity, resource control, peace building, intangible resource and violent conflicts.

GABRIEL GYANG DUNG
ABSTRACT
This study assesses the impact of values taught in Civic Education on the behaviours of junior secondary school students in Ogun State. The research examines values such as equality, respect, honesty, unity, modesty, and civic engagement. The study finds examples of values taught in junior secondary school Civic Education; assesses the junior secondary students' level of comprehension of values taught in Civic Education; and investigates the impact of values learned in Civic Education on the behaviour of junior secondary school. Three research questions guided the study, focusing on the values taught, students' understanding, and the impact of these values on student behaviour. The study adopts a descriptive research design of a survey. The population consisted of all junior secondary school students, with a sample size of two hundred (200) participants drawn from five schools in Ijebu Ode Local Government Area of Ogun state. Samples were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using an adapted structured questionnaire tagged ‘’Values in Civic Education and Behavioural Changes Questionnaire’’ (VCEBCQ), and analyses using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed high levels of understanding and application of values like equality (85%), respect (90%), and honesty (88%), but modesty and civic engagement showed moderate comprehension (78% and 55%, respectively). Students possess a high level of understanding of values in the area of respect, honesty, obedience, unity, and solidarity, and positive impacts of values taught in civic education on students' behaviour were discovered. Based on these results, the study recommends enhancing the curriculum by incorporating more practical activities such as role-playing and group discussions to reinforce these values, particularly civic engagement. Teacher training and parental involvement are also suggested to ensure students internalize and practice these values both in and out of school.
Keywords: Impact; values; civic education; behavior

T. T. OTUBANJO
ABSTRACT
This study analyzes the conduct of the 2024 governorship election held in Edo State on 21st September. Perpetration of vote-buying by desperate politicians, poor turnout of voters during the election, availability of many rejected votes and others were examined in this paper. This paper adopts system theory propounded by David Easton and Gabriel Almond. The study also uses the qualitative method of research, relying exclusively on secondary source of data such as textbooks, newspapers, magazines, journals and other documentary materials relevant to the study. The data gathered were summarized. In the governorship election held in Edo State on 21st September 2024, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) declared All Progressive Congress (APC) as the winner. APC scored 291,667 votes and People Democratic Party (PDP) scored 247,274 votes. The study revealed that the problems encountered in the conduct of the election were; PDP rejected election results in three councils, downpour disrupted the conduct of the election in some places and the turnout of voters was 25.6 percent. The study recommends that the INEC, political parties and voters should adhere strictly to the laws, and rules governing the proper conduct of governorship elections.
Keywords, voters, political parties, governorship election, election, INEC

SUNDAY CHUKWUMA OGU
ABSTRACT
The Southeast region of Nigeria has faced persistent underdevelopment, particularly in the railway sector, since the end of the Biafran War. This study argues that the federal government’s alleged neglect and sabotage of railway infrastructure in the region constitutes a de-facto economic sanction contributing significantly to the region’s underdevelopment, social unrest and a rise in criminal activities. The analysis moves beyond a simple assessment of infrastructure deficit, exploring deeper symbolic implications of this neglect. The unfulfilled promises surrounding railway revitalization, eroding trust in federal government and fostering sense of disenfranchisement among the population, perpetuating inequality and hindering economic growth. This paper analyzes the historical context and economic consequences of this neglect, demonstrating how the absence of functional railway services has stifled economic activities, hundred job creation and disrupted cultural exchange in the region. It further proposes a set of policy recommendations to revitalize the railway sector in the South East, including establishment of a dedicated railway service commission, a federal payroll and pension scheme for railway workers, the promotion of public-private partnership and prioritization of infrastructure development. The paper concludes by outlining a comprehensive implementation plan, emphasizing the need for feasibility studies, a dedicated project management team, secure funding mechanisms and a robust monitoring and evaluation framework. By implementing these recommendations, the Nigerian government can address the historical injustices faced by the South East and create a more equitable and prosperous future for the region.
Keywords: Economic sanction, railway policies, conspiracy, psychological neglect

SUNNY NNABUIHE NWACHUKWU
ABSTRACT Due to changes in social, political, and economic structure of our contemporary society and the inability of the government to adequately provide basic social amenities and over all development at the grass root, there is urgent need to mobilize the Traditional Age Grade in various Igbo communities in order to achieve development strides. This paper puts that Age Grade System needs to be reviewed due to essential role they play in the traditional Igbo Society in the past. The paper made it clear that Age Grade Organization is an instrument for social and economic development of any given society. This paper believes that in order to carry community development to the grass root, Age Grade as one of the institutions has to be mobilized to meet up with political, social and economic challenges, needs and aspirations of the people. The paper is of the view that the reason why special attention is given to Age Grade is because people tend to undermine the position and contributions made by Age Grade at community development. The paper x-rays bountiful qualities that characterized traditional Igbo Age Grade system that needs not be neglected by the society. Keywords: Agegrade, Igboland, Development, Contemporary society

SAMUEL CHIDI OGBOJI
ABSTRACT
Recent developments in Nigeria-China relations have evolved into a phase of intricate and extensive economic interactions. These resulted in the execution of eleven concessional loan agreements, amounting to approximately USD 3.121 billion for infrastructure development. The rising Chinese financial assistance to Nigeria has sparked a contentious debate regarding the disproportionate relationship between the influx of loans and the actual infrastructural development observed. This study sought to analyse the influence of China's loan agreement politics on the development of Nigeria's transport sector from 2010 to 2020. The study was guided by these research questions. Has the bilateral financing agreement on the transport industry between Nigeria and China advanced the development of the nation's air and rail infrastructures from 2010 to 2023? Did the conditionality of China's loans compromise the national sovereignty of Nigeria throughout the study period? The research employed an ex-post-facto design. The research employed original documents, policy studies, and expert interviews for data acquisition. The analysis of the study was based on the theory of complex interdependence. The research indicated that Chinese funds funded the development of all four terminals at the international airport, and work on the Nigeria Railway renovation projects had begun, with some planned lines finished and currently operational. China's loan conditionality threatens the national sovereignty of Nigeria during the study period. The study called for setting up a think tank to come up with and suggest policy frameworks for better interactions with China and Nigeria among others
Keywords: China-Nigeria relations, loan agreements, infrastructural development, sovereignty, Conditionality.

UDUMAGA, Cornel Chinedu.U
ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the alarming trend of cryptocurrency usage in financing terrorism and armed conflict within the Sahel region of Africa. While the lack of publicly available data presents a significant challenge to comprehensive analysis, existing evidence suggests that terrorist organizations are increasingly exploiting the decentralized and pseudonymous nature of crypto currencies to circumvent traditional financial regulations and raise funds. This paper examines the various methods employed by terrorist groups to utilize crypto currencies, analyzing the challenges in tracking and mitigating this activity. Furthermore, the paper proposes potential strategies to combat the use of crypto currencies in fueling instability in the Sahel region, highlighting the need for international cooperation, enhanced regulatory frameworks and innovative technological solutions. The paper concludes by emphasizing the urgent need for a multi-faceted approach to address this emerging threat and prevent the further destabilization of the Sahel through crypto-currency enabled financing of terrorism
Keywords: Currency, renewable energy, finance, armed conflict, terrorism.

SUNNY NNABUIHE NWACHUKWU
ABSTRACT
Rape is a pervasive issue affecting female students in university communities, with far-reaching consequences. Despite its severity, there is a dearth of research exploring male students' perceptions and attitudes towards rape. Hence, this study investigated the perceptions and attitudes of male students towards rape of female students in the host communities of Tai Solarin University of Education. Three research questions were raised and answered in the course of the study. Purposive and volunteering sampling techniques were used to select 173 male students who were residing in the host communities of TASUED. The study adopted a descriptive research design in which questionnaire tagged: “Perception and Attitude of Male Students towards Rape of Female Students Questionnaire” (PAMSRFSQ)” was used to collect data from the respondents. The results of the study revealed that male students had positive and supportive perception and attitudes towards rape survivors, but had negative attitude towards the act „rape‟. Among others it was recommended that special workshop should be organized for male students, in which they will be trained on the different type of modality they can adopt to support the female gender and prevent them against rape.
Keywords: Rape, male students, female students, perception, attitude

YINKA OLURANTI ADEDIRAN
ABSTRACT The intervention in the Niger Delta environment became necessary due to the degradation engendered by the exploration and exploitation in the region. The condition has caused suffering for both men and women creating poverty, health problems, and loss of inhabitants and means of survival. The Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) as an agency of the Federal Government was created to cushion these effects of degradation in the Niger Delta region. This study is set to assess how the environmental intervention by NDDC in the Niger Delta region has helped to make better the lives of both men and women in the region. The ex-post facto research method is chosen for this study with secondary sourced data from journals, newspapers, books, and the internet including in-depth interviews of selected individuals with key information on the subject matter. In its theoretical analysis, the study adopted Structural functionalism. The study therefore concludes that NDDC has not carried out its responsibilities as expected in the life of the female and their male counterparts mainly due to its challenges of corruption and funding issues. It is then recommended that the government ensure proper monitoring of the agency in managing funds and leadership roles. Keywords: Degradation, environmental intervention, gendering, Niger Delta, NDDC

Celestina Ekene CHUKWUDI
ABSTRACT
There is a need to embrace vocational training in Nigeria because of the country's skyrocketing unemployment. Conventional academic institutions' applied knowledge programs hinder graduates' ability to fulfil work market expectations due to inadequate practical preparation. Hence, this study evaluates the impact of vocational training on employment growth in Nigeria, using vocational training as the Independent Variable (IV). The four dependent variables are job placement rate, career level increase, career advancement, and employment retention rate. Quantitative data was collected from 384 students who graduated from various vocational schools in Lagos State, Nigeria, between 2018 and 2023, utilising closed ended questionnaires for the survey. The results of this study, derived from regression analysis, demonstrated a robust positive link between vocational training and all four employment outcomes: job placement rate, income increase, career advancement, and employment retention rate. The study advocates for the government to enhance support for vocational training centres throughout Nigeria by providing suitable equipment and facilities to meet contemporary standards; parents should motivate their wards to pursue vocational courses; and individuals should voluntarily partake in vocational training for employment related learning. Keywords: Vocational Training, Job Placement Rate, Income Level Increase, Career Advancement, Employment retention rate.
Keywords: Skills, jobs, vocational training, employment, growth.

ITOHAN IYOBHEBHE
ABSTRACT
Sex preference has been a sensitive issue in both urban and rural areas of Africa, Asia and parts of Europe as people have been shown to prefer a particular sex of child over the other. The research work is on child sex preference and factors that influenced such choices among the residents of Kaduna state. The objectives of the study include: (i) to identify the most preferred sex of child in the study area (ii) examine the factors that influenced such choices in the study area. A total of 400 respondents were sampled randomly for questionnaire administration. The collected data were analyzed using frequencies, simple percentages and chi-square test. The result revealed that Sex preference is pronounced in the study area. The study therefore recommend that the government should enforce population policy measures that recommend appropriate family size irrespective of the sex composition of children.
Keywords: child, sex, urban, rural, sex preference,

ANGELA UWANUAKWA
ABSTRACT
Blockchain technology is beginning to reveal itself as a fairly viable solution for supporting the security of industrial communication networks especially in networks which are often under a cyber-threat. This paper aims at analyzing the use of blockchain technology in the protection of industrial communication networks in Abuja Nigeria in the framework of theories relating to decentralizing; network security and data integrity. The concept of shared ledger and decentralized control in the blockchain system state the theory of network security correctly as it reduces the vulnerability to cyber-security threats by avoiding any central control point. Further, based on data integrity theory, the blockchain has an immutable ledger where different pieces of data are transferred, which makes those data accurate and reliable. This paper focuses on the perception of industrial communication in the present day Abuja environment, the security threats encountered and the prospect of blockchain in solving these threats. By use of case studies and a review of literature, the paper reveals the prospects and challenges of the use of blockchain technology in Abuja industrial segments.
Keywords: Blockchain, technology, industrial communication, network, security,

KINGSLEY C. IBE
ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine the impact of the 2023 fuel subsidy removal on Nigerian households, with a particular focus on its socio-economic implications. The policy change affected Nigerians in areas such as transportation, access to food, cost of petrol products, inflation rates and household income. As a qualitative research, the study employed the descriptive research design in analysing secondary data, while providing the basis for reviewing related literature such as books, journals, articles, government reports and newspapers. This research design also provided historical context and insights into the complex dynamics surrounding the policy change and the politics of fuel subsidy in Nigeria. Drawing from relevant portions of the social conflict theory, the study provided a comprehensive understanding of the underlying issues of the most recent subsidy removal in Nigeria. The findings from the study reveal that the removal of fuel subsidy has significant negative impacts on Nigerian households such as reductions in household income, altered consumption patterns, decline in living standards, increased transportation costs and rising inflation rates. In other words, the 2023 fuel subsidy removal further exacerbates the financial burdens on vulnerable populations including low-income owners. Based on the findings, the study recommends the implementation of a phase-out approach to subsidy removal, the provision of palliative measures for poor households and the promotion of budgeting and planning strategies for economic growth and national development.
Keywords: Subsidy, poverty, inequality, price hike, economy.

Ekeledirichukwu. C. NJOKU
ABSTRACT
This study determined the effect of sectoral allocation of bank loans on the growth of the Nigerian economy. The study covered a period of thirty-eight years (1985 to 2023). The study proxy-measured the growth of the Nigerian economy by examining the allocation of bank loans to the agricultural, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying sectors, likewise to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin were the primary source of time series data utilised in the study. The study conducted a variety of data analyses, comprising the long-term and short-term dynamics of Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model estimations, the bounds co-integration test, and the unit root test applying Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF). The study's upshots indicated that short-term and long-term loans from deposit money bank to the agricultural, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying sectors, likewise to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), have a favourable and substantial impact on Nigeria's gross domestic product. As per the upshots of the investigation, it was determined that the Nigerian economy experiences substantial development as a result of sectoral allocation of bank loans. The study recommended, among other things, that deposit money institutions should rise their efforts to extend more credits to the agricultural sector on a consistent basis. This will further strengthen and rise the growth rate of the real sector in Nigeria.
Keywords: Sectoral allocation, bank loans, Nigerian economy, agricultural sector, gross domestic product

KEVIN CHINAKA NJOKU
ABSTRACT
This study examines Strengthen Democracy and Leadership in the development of Local Government in South East of Nigeria‟s Fourth Republic. There has been a growing concern over the deplorable conditions of the rural people in South East. Unarguably, the expediency for the creation of local government as the third tier government is to facilitate Development at the grassroots. However, it is worrisome that the deterioration and overall decline in the quality of service delivery in the local government particularly in South East as a result of unbridled and unpatriotic leadership style adopted by the state governors towards local government administration has unimaginably brought dysfunctional and deficit infrastructure to the Local Government System. The objective of this study is to explore the Nexus between Strengthen Democracy and leadership in the Development of local government system in South East Nigeria. The study reviewed extant literature conceptually, theoretically and empirically with the democratic participatory prepositions for its theoretical framework. Methodologically, the study being a non-structured, non-experimental, non-survey, adopted qualitative documentary secondary sources of historical description and explanatory approach for its secondary Data collection. Content analytical technique was utilized for its analysis. Based on the analysis, findings show that abysmal and unpatriotic leadership coupled with the lacuna in the constitution has necessitated the State Governors embarking on unilateral, arbitrary, unlawful joint account and dissolution of democratically elected Government leaders which negatively undermined the affairs of local government administration, and it has given limited, hindered access to the funding of local government for development programmes. Therefore, the study recommends among others, that with the current supreme court judgment on Local Government, patriotic leadership, constitutional amendment and devolution of powers will prevent state Government arbitrarily interference and diversion of local Government funds and full political participation of the citizenry in the third tier government should be sustained.
Keywords: Strengthen Democracy and Leadership, Development, Constitutional Amendment, South East, Supreme Court Judgment on Local Government

SECUNDA CHIZOBAM ONWUHARAONYE
Vol. 2 Issue I March 2025

AJSS Cover Page
ABSTRACT
This study examined ethical implications of posting, sharing, liking and commenting on social media among academic staff and students of Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, and ways to navigate through the ethical landmines posed by them. The objectives were to: identify the motives behind them; ascertain their ethical implications; and find ways to navigate those landmines. The study adopted survey design and was anchored on uses and gratification theory. Sample size of 389 was drawn using Taro Yamane method and data collected from 385 respondents to explore the ethical implications of above social media communicative acts. Findings revealed that students engage on social media because of self-presentation, self-love, maintaining relationships, and need for feedback. The implications were that thoughtless communicative acts on social media hurt emotions, negatively impacted on people, gives one a poor online image, make the author/sender liable to litigation, as well as affected their mental health. To navigate the ethical landmines, it was recommended that staff and students should always fact-check and verify their sources, flip the script before use, employ discretion and be considerate of others, and avoid invasion of privacy.
Keywords: Social media interactions, motives, ethical landmines, implications, navigation.

Chibuzor Cosmas Nwoga
ABSTRACT
Celebrity endorsement has become a popular marketing strategy in Nigeria, including Imo State. The study x-rays the influence of celebrity endorsement on consumer choice of products in Imo State, Nigeria. Celebrity endorsement plays a key role and impact on consumers’ choice of product. The researchers narrowed the study down to Owerri because of presence of various consumer markets it attracts. The design used by the researchers was survey design, while the population was composed of 250 consumers were selected randomly, and 207 copies of questionnaire were retrieved. Likert structured questionnaire format was adopted for data collection and the questionnaire was face and content validated, whereas the reliability was ascertained using Cronbach Alpha reliability test for its internal consistency where an alpha level of .999 was obtained signaling a good consistency level. The data generated were analyzed using Mean, and the Simple Regression was used to test the Hypothesis via Statistical Packages for Social Science at 5% significance level. The results show that celebrity endorsement has a significant impact on consumer choice, with consumers more likely to purchase products endorsed by their favourite celebrities. The study found that trust, expertise, and the fit between the celebrity and the product are key factors that influence consumer choice. Meanwhile, the attractiveness of the celebrity and similarities between the celebrity and the consumer have little effect on product choice. The study also recommended that product or service management should be adopted as a way forward for celebrity endorsement since it will bring about a desired result on consumer choice of products.
Keywords: Celebrity endorsement, consumer choice, product choice, marketing strategy, consumer behaviour,

OGWUCHE GABRIEL SHAIBU
ABSTRACT
The existence of diseases, misfortunes and calamities have been issues that appears to challenge the credibility of the Christian faith as people of all ages tend to query the very existence of God. This paper presented a critical analysis of Christian apologetics and the effects of Post Covid-19 spirituality in Nigeria.. Christian apologetics as a branch of Christian theology seeks to offer reasonable defense to the authenticity of the Christian faith. Hence, the emergence of the novel coronavirus not only negatively affected global healthy and coexistence but created a new- normal forcing churches to shut down for months or minimal operate under the strict health and policy surveillance of the Government. Thus in the adherence of the Covid-19 protocols and guidelines, the practices of social distancing, use of face masks/shields, use of alcohol-based sanitizer were introduced in the church. Above all, skeptics and cynics saw the spread of the pandemic as a frontal challenge to the spiritual claims of faith healers and miraculous claims of clergy and other key functionaries of the church as the virus took a deadly toll on the entire planet leading to the massive deaths and hospitalization of some many across the world. With the use of qualitative and literary research method, this paper extensively explored through reliance on primary and secondary data, the history, spread of Covid-19 Pandemics and its effects on people‟s spirituality after the pandemics drawing inferences from the church‟s age- long engagement in Christian apologetics. In the foregoing, it was discovered that the church was not totally silent nor totally render redundant neither was the Christian faith discarded for being clueless. Rather, the pandemics provided a rare opportunity to many for sober reflection on the essence of life, the need for sustaining the family bonds/affiliations the concern for the less privilege. The Post COVID era presents new opportunities for the churches to reflect on their practice and praxis in line with the realities experienced during the pandemics.
Keywords: Apologetics, COVID-19, pandemics. theology, pandemic, spirituality

FESTUS CHUKWUNYERE OPARA
ABSTRACT
This study presents a framework for integrating Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge (TPCK)
to enhance 21st century among geography teachers in Katsina State , Nigeria. A mixed methods approach
involv ing 150 geography teachers revealed gaps in technological pedagogical content knowledge. A TPCK
model was developed, emphasizing contextualized learning, digital resources, and collaborative
instruction. Results show significant improvements in teachers' s elf efficacy, student engagement, and
geographic literacy. The framework offers a structured approach to professional development, empowering
Nigerian geography teachers to effectively integrate technology, pedagogy, and content expertise.
Implications for teacher education, policy, and practice are discussed.
Keywords
: TOCK, geography education, t eacher d evelopment, technology i ntegration

SANI ABUBAKAR SADIQ
ABSTRACT
This study examines the Efficacy of teaching English Intonation-Pattern using Computer Assisted Language Teaching in Nigerian secondary schools for national development. The study had one research objective, one research question and null hypothesis. The study adopted quasi experimental design. A total number of sixty (60) students. The experimental group consisting of thirty (30) students while the control group thirty (30) students were selected using simple random sampling technique. The subjects in the experimental group were taught using Computer Assisted Language Teaching method while the control groups were taught using Conventional Classroom teaching method, for a period of twelve weeks. One validated instrument with reliability coefficient 0.79, Supra-segmental Achievement Test (SAT) was used for the study. The finding from the study revealed that there is significance difference in the mean academics‟ performance scores of the students taught using Computer Assisted Language Teaching in English intonation pattern. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that CALT should be integrated in classroom for teaching intonation pattern. It may also help in producing teachers who may help to focus and shift the learning style from teacher-centred to student -activity-centred. It will also enable the students to take charge of their own learning and gather experiences that can help them retain what has been learnt.
Keywords: Teaching, English intonation, computer-assisted-language, national development

SALEH YUSUF SADAU
ABSTRACT
The study was on the Impact of Tertiary Education Trust Funds‟ Intervention on Provision of Instructional Facilities in Colleges of Education in North-West Zone, Nigeria. The design adopted for this study was descriptive survey. The population of this study comprise of all academic staff, management staff and TETFund desk officers in all the 12 public Colleges of Education in the Zone. There are 4,562 academic staff, 72 management staff and 12 TETFund desk officers totalling 4646. The sample size for this study was at 355.This includes academic staff, management staff and TETFund desk officers. The sample size is determined based on research advisors (2006) table for sample size selection. Proportionate simple random sampling technique was used. The data collection instrument for the study was self-developed structured questionnaire called “Impact of Tertiary Education Trust Funds Intervention on Research and Development Questionnaire” (ITETFIRD-Q). The questionnaire was prepared based on Likert five-point scale. The instrument was duly vetted the by Supervisors and other relevant experts. The questionnaire was subjected to trial testing using 36 respondents from Niger State College of Education, Minna. The research question was analyzed using frequency counts; percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation to obtain overall average scores. Also, ANOVA was used to test the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The study found that Tertiary Education Trust Funds Intervention has made considerable impact on the provision of Instructional facilities such as; computers; laptops, desktops Internet connectivity, smart-board, library resources and laboratory equipment, other projects include constructions and rehabilitations of lecture theatres, classrooms, hostels, offices, laboratories, road network and fencing of institutions in different parts of Colleges of Education in North-West Zone, Nigeria. The study recommends that the TETFund and beneficiary institutions should make sure that they assign their projects to only contractors who are certified to be honest and competent and the monitoring team should be at work always to make sure that they evaluate the project at close interval.
Keywords: Impact, intervention, provision, instructional facilities, TETFund

Yakubu Magaji Zubairu
ABSTRACT
This study examined mathematics cooperative skills needs of Economics teachers for effective instructional delivery in Public secondary schools in South East, Nigeria. The population of the study was 730 with a sample of 258 comprising 47 Mathematics Educators and 211 Economics teachers drawn from public universities and secondary schools in the south East respectively using multistage sampling technique. The research design was descriptive research design. The instrument for data collection was a 53-item researcher developed questionnaire titled: Mathematical Skill Needs of Economics Teachers for Effective Instructional Delivery Questionnaire (MSNETEIDQ). Weighted mean and Improvement Need Index analysis were used to answer the research questions raised for the study while t- test statistic was used to test the hypotheses that guided the study at 0.05 level of significant. The results found out that the mathematics cooperative skill needs of Economics teachers for effective Economics instructional delivery include the communicative skills and individualized skills. Based on the findings, the study recommended that Government should ensure that every teacher is exposed to workshop at least once a year on how to improve on their communicative skills during their instructional delivery. School administration should provide every necessary support such as additional lesson periods for teachers that will use individualized skills effectively during their instructional delivery.
Keywords: Mathematics, cooperative skill, economic teachers, instructional delivery

SOLOMON IHUOMA IWEJUO
The Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS) is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics. Every submission undergoes a rigorous double-blind peer review process, ensuring that all aspects of authorship, originality, and data integrity are meticulously evaluated. Our policies strictly prohibit plagiarism and require full disclosure of any potential conflicts of interest. Research involving human or animal subjects must receive ethical clearance, along with informed consent from participants. To promote transparency and accountability, AJSS adheres to the guidelines set forth by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), ensuring fairness in editorial decisions and peer reviews. Additionally, we offer open access publishing under Creative Commons licensing, making research accessible to a wider audience. In instances where corrections, retractions, or ethical concerns arise, we address them promptly to maintain scholarly integrity and foster a trustworthy academic environment.
AJSS Ethics
ABSTRACT
Scholarly works on International organization attempts to advocate for stronger union as a
basis of addressing myriads of problems by member countries. Bob Marley‟s „„Africa Unite‟‟
suggests that beyond the coming together of nations of the black race, the future lies on the
people‟s perception of unity. This study adopts David Mitrany‟s Functionalist theory in
addressing the challenges of African Unity especially on the basis of fulfilling the dreams of
Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, Nnamdi Azikwe, Kenneth Kaunda and Nelson Mandela.
This study adopt literally review and discourse analysis in presenting logical arguments on
the challenges confronting African Union using Bob Marley‟s Album caption African Unite.
Our finding indicated that amidst recent successes in the areas of conflict management and
peace-keeping in few countries such as Liberia, Mali, Sudan, Sierra Leone, and Chad, the
Union still faces problems ranging from “multipolar ideological leanings of its member
states, insecurity, and its inability to create a strong intra African alliances and friendships
capable of lessening dependence on former colonial powers. This study recommends that
African leaders should keep their differences and individual national interest aside, put-up
patriotic spirits, envisage and pursue policies that would yield positive results for the growth
and development of African continent generally and their individual states respectively.
Keywords: Colonization, multinational exploitation, capitalism, imperialism, panAfricanism, African Union.

Secunda Chizobam ONWUHARAONYE
ABSTRACT
This study aimed at assessing environmental disclosure and environmental performance of
listed firm in Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to achieve two objectives and one
hypothesis. This study employed a systematic review which literatures related to the topic
under investigation were reviewed. This review was done under conceptual review,
theoretical review, and review of empirical studies. This study solely considered secondary
literature which comprised textbooks, journal articles, online published materials and
students’ research works, as well as annual report and financial statement of selected firm
which were reviewed and analyzed. This study established that there exists a significant
positive relationship between environmental disclosure and environmental performance
among firms. This findings is backed up by Abba, et al., (2018) Companies’ environmental
activities perplex both the regulators and the environmental stakeholders. This is because of
the negative impacts that arise from use of the natural resources and pollutions therefrom.
Therefore, future studies may consider a longitudinal approach with time series that cover at
least five years period.
Keywords: Environmental disclosure, environmental performance, financial statement and
firms

LIVINUS C. OKEREKE
ABSTRACT This study examined the influence of socio-cultural factors on women enrolment into postgraduate programme in North Central, Nigeria. The population was drawn from students and staff from Universities in North Central Nigeria. The sample of the study was 306 respondents. Multi-stage sampling technique was used for the study. A researchers’ designed questionnaire tagged "Evaluation of Women Enrolment Rating Scale (EWERS)" was used for the study. The validity of the instrument was ascertained by three experts in Educational Administration and Planning and the reliability index of the instrument yielded 0.89 using test-retest method. Frequency count, percentage and mean scores were used to answer research questions. Findings of the study revealed that economic condition of family has a very high influence on women enrolment in postgraduate programmes in North Central, Nigeria. It also revealed that religious factor has very high influence on women enrolment into postgraduate programmes in North Central States, Nigeria. The study concluded that. The study recommended that Federal Government of Nigeria and Non-Governmental Organizations should support enrolment of women in Postgraduate programmes through sponsorship, counseling and mentoring. It further recommended that Federal Government of Nigeria in collaboration with various religious groups such as Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs and Christian Association of Nigeria should orientate their adherents the true positions of their religion on Women Education. Keywords: Women enrolment, economic condition, religious factors,

MARYAM GOGO USMAN

Publications Phase 1: March 2024

VOL. 1 ISSUE 1 MARCH, 2024

Alvan Journal of Social Sciences champions innovative research and discourse in social sciences.

ABSTRACT
The climate change-induced variability of weather indicators across climatic seasons and river discharge in humid Tropics has necessitates the investigation of dynamics of nickel, lead, iron, and vanadium concentrations in its river water resources. The specific objectives include to: (i) determine the spatio-temporal differences of nickel, lead, iron, and vanadium concentrations in KIR water and compare with WHO (2022) recommended standard, (ii) evaluate the influence of intra-climatic season dynamics on nickel, lead, iron, and vanadium concentrations in KIR water (iii) assess the effects of variations in inter-climatic seasons on the concentrations of nickel, lead, iron, and vanadium in KIR water. The study area was stratified into six sub-basins and two control points. A total of thirty-two water samples were collected from eight locations during four climatic seasons using grab method and analysed in the laboratory using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The descriptive and inferential statistics are used for modelling. The graphical assessments reveal disparities in the levels of heavy metal concentrations in various sub-basins while comparisons with each WHO (2022) standard give generalized pollution statuses on the order of Ni>Pb>Fe. The paired sampled test of intra-climatic season dynamics give diverging results, with Nickel converging between 3.531 and 2.990, Vanadium 5.501 and 2.603, lead 3.363 and 2.116. Each gives a statistical significant difference at 0.05 confidence level. Also, the T-test analyses of inter-climatic season variations reveal that lead and vanadium sustain the statistical significance differences only between early and peak rainy seasons. Contrarily, iron conveys statistical significance difference between early and peak dry seasons at 0.05 confidence level. Each exhibits a statistical significant relationship at 0.05 confidence level. The high pollution levels suggest urgent need for people-oriented measures via synergies to mitigate the human-nature-induced health risks to humans and the river ecosystem.
Keywords: Climatic seasons, river discharge, water utilization, heavy metal, health risks.
Corresponding Author: Ikpong Sunday UMO; Tel: +2348037565958
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-6889; Email Address: umohikpong@yahoo.com;
Received: 25:3:2024; Accepted: 10:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Ezinne N. Okoroafor
ABSTRACT
There has been sporadic and sustained resurgence of military involvement in the politics of some African countries particularly West African region. For three years, coup d’état has successfully occurred in about five West African Countries: Mali (August 2020) and (May 2021), Guinea (Sept 2021), Burkina Faso (Sept 2022), Niger (July 2023) and Sierra Leone July (2023). The root causes and justifications for this avoidable wave are significantly connected with the regional economic and political instability, poor governance by elected leaders, and abuse of democratic principle amongst others. The supplementary protocol on Democracy and Good governance of 2001 gave ECOWAS the organizational legal impetus to intervene in member states to ensure strict adherence to constitutional government and to achieve peace and security through the development of democracy and good governance.
This study undertakes a critical evaluation of ECOWAS commitment on the promotion of democracy and good governance in the sub-region as enshrined in 2001 Supplementary Protocol on Democracy and Good Governance and offered some insights on the challenges associated with the implementation of the protocol by the bloc. Anchoring on influence theory, the study adopted the documentary method whereby data were collected from secondary sources. While such data was subjected to qualitative analysis, it was noted that resilience resurgence of military involvement in politics in the sub-region is significantly connected to the corrupt elected leaders in member states, manipulations of electoral processes and the weak mechanism that could check abusive and corrupt leadership in member States. It was therefore recommended that a pragmatic mechanism of monitoring the leadership in ECOWAS States be instituted and strengthened by ECOWAS
Keywords: Challenges, coup d’état, democracy, governance, regional integration, security
Corresponding Author
Ambrose O. ABANEME: Email Addresses: ambrose.abaneme@alvanikoku.edu.ng abavanah@gmail.com. Tel: 07038446430
Received: 13:3:2024; Accepted: 18:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Ambrose Oluchukwu ABANEME
Abstract
The nexus between Boko Haram terrorism and insurgency in Nigeria since 2009 when the dreaded group adopted violence as its operational strategy and the external influence that catalyzed its emergence constitutes the focus of this study. Many empirical studies have given credence to the fact of relationship between Boko Haram and other Islamic fundamentalist networks. To establish this link, the study adopted the Domino theoretical framework as a tool of analysis while relying on qualitative descriptive method of data analysis and the use secondary sources of data collection. The study discovered among other things that Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria was inspired, influenced and linked to other offshore terrorist groups who share common ideology of Islamic extremism and recommended some measures which shall help in curbing this menace in the country.
Keywords: Terrorism, book haram, insurgency, salafist, extremism, fundamentalist networks
Corresponding Author: Praxede C. Egeonu: Email Address:egeonupraxede@yahoo.com
Received: 13:3:2024; Accepted: 20:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Praxede C. EGEONU
Abstract
One of the cardinal trends that have not received much attention in Physical Geography and Environmental Science researches in recent times is modelling (coupling) fluvial phenomenon within the Earth surface. This study investigates the space-time concentrations of selected heavy metals in the water resources of the Kwa Iboe River (KIR). The specific objectives are to: (i) compare and contrast the concentrations of cadmium, arsenic, manganese, and copper across climatic seasons and sub-basins in the surface water, (ii) determine the effects of seasonal variations and interrelationships of cadmium, arsenic, and copper concentrations in the River water and, (iii) assess the implications of findings on the sustainable river water resource development. KIR basin was classified into eight fluvial geomorphological units (sub-basins) using stratified sampling method for the purpose of sample collections. A total of thirty-two (32) water samples were collected from eight sampled units during four climatic seasons using grab method and analyzed in the laboratory using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS model 22.0. Results of the mean concentrations reveal that cadmium converge between 0.558 and 0.025mg/L, Arsenic fall within the range of 0.0118 and 0.0009 while copper converge between 1.228 and 0.175 mg/L. A comparison of each result with WHO (2004) standard clearly indicates that KIR water are generally polluted by cadmium, partially contaminated with Arsenic and, non-polluted with copper. Results of paired-sampled models give positive statistical significant variations in the intra-seasonal concentrations of cadmium and copper (P = 0.05) across the sampled sub-basins and climatic seasons, while Arsenic took exception during early rainy season. This study recommends for increase proactive measures to (a) raise awareness on KIR water River quality, and (b) mitigate natural and human actions that accelerate water resource contaminations in KIR.
Key Words: Statistical model, seasons, Kwa Iboe River, heavy metal, water resources.
Corresponding Author:Ikpong Sunday Umo: ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-6889; Tel: 08037565958
Email Addresses: umohikpong@yahoo.com & umo.ikpong@alvanikoku.edu.ng.
Received: 13:3:2024; Accepted: 19:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Ikpong Sunday Umo
ABSTRACT
Emissions from automobiles are among the major sources of pollution in Benin City and a serious threat to the ecosystem. This study examined the concentrations of Sulphur (IV) Oxide (SO2) emitted by motor vehicles at some specific locations in Benin City. Four geo- referenced sampling locations were cited near Sapele Road A, Sapele Road B, Reservation Road and Plymonth Road. Data for the study were obtained from the measurements of the concentrations of SO2 pollutants with the aeroqual air quality kit, and were all analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means and chart. Results showed that the concentrations of SO2 for all the sampling sites were above the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) standard of 0.01ppm, with Sapele Road A having the highest mean concentration of 0.46 ppm while Reservation Road had the least of 0.24ppm. The level of pollutant at Sapele Road B was found to be 0.13ppm at all times of measurement. However, higher concentrations of SO2 pollutant were measured in the morning and evening than in the afternoon for the sampled location. It is therefore recommended that relevant government agencies should develop and enforce policies that will stop the importation of adulterated premium motor spirit with elevated levels of sulphur. Keywords: Air quality, emission, pollutant, pollution, sulphur (iv) oxide, vehicular traffic.
Corresponding Author:E. N. Aigbobo: Email Addresses: mumluvsnao@yahoo.com.
Received: 14:3:2024; Accepted: 17:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

E. N. Aigbobo
ABSTRACT
This Study analyzed the effect of ability and mixed ability groupings on students’ academic achievement in Economics. The study adopted a quasi- experimental, pretest posttest non – equivalent control group research design. The population of the study comprised 12, 573 (6429 males and 6144 females) senior secondary school two (SSII) Economics students in the 68 public secondary schools in Port Harcourt Education Zone 1 of Rivers State. A sample of 79 SSII students comprising 41 males and 38 females that offer Economics was drawn from two public secondary schools using the purposive sampling technique. Two research questions and two hypotheses respectively guided the study. Data were collected using a 24 – item Economics Achievement Test. The instrument was subjected to content validation using the test blue print developed by the researcher while the reliability was determined using Kuder Richardson (K-R20) formula to establish the internal consistency of the instrument which yielded a reliability index of 0.81. The data collected from the respondents were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, while the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results among others showed that mixed ability grouping had higher effect on the students’ academic achievement in Economics, having recorded higher mean gain than those in the ability group. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Economics teachers should be encouraged to adequately mix up both the high ability and the low ability students while teaching students or giving them assignments to do in the school.
Keywords: Economics, academic achievement, gender, ability grouping, mixed ability grouping
Corresponding Author: Lasbrey I. AKUNYA: Address: lasakunya@gmail.com Tel: +234808039453691
Received: 29:3:2024; Accepted: 23:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Lasbrey I. AKUNYA
ABSTRACT
The regime of insecurity today has exposed the weaknesses of many strategies, principles and policies put in place to holistically unravel or curb its menace in Nigeria. One of such principle is the democratization of national security policies and strategies through the adoption of a federal constitution that shared the power between the federal and state governments. The paper investigates whether the inclusion of „security federalism‟ in the constitution of the FRN has resulted in efficient securitization of the country; whether there has been a seamless run-in coordinating security between the central and constituent states viz-viz the central coordination of the country‟s security agencies- the Nigerian Police Force.
The work used the secondary qualitative data in its collection of data, and adopted the Dysfunctional Cooperative Federalism theory (DCF) to interrogate the conflicts in security management between the state governors and the federal government through the mobilization and deployment of security agencies in security challenges. The research findings show that Nigeria‟s federalism is not federating in the sense that even though security falls in the concurrent list, the governors of states, lack the power to deploy the security agencies in time of security challenges in their respective states. It thus recommends that a constitutional review is urgently needed to create state Police Force- one that will be responsible to the governors of their respective states, and the practice of true federalism.
Keywords: Federalism, constitution, federal government, constituent states or units, security
Corresponding Author: Cyriacus N. N. IKE. Email Address: nwaezedelight@yahoo.com;
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3027-2427 Telephone : +2347019261279
Received: 13:3:2024; Accepted: 28:4:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Cyriacus N. N. IKE
Abstract
Rural insecurity has been on the rise to an alarming situation across the Nigeria landscape and more intensely in the Northeast, North and Southeast parts where terrorism, banditry, kidnapping, farmers/herders clashes, political instability and varying forms of criminality are rampant in recent years. This paper is a disquisition on the state of rural security in the southeast and the implications for sustainable economic development in Nigeria. The level of violent conflicts, restiveness and general fear in most rural communities in the region has continued to challenge normal life activities and economic endeavours of the inhabitants despite the already devastating state of poverty and government absence in these areas; with attendant adverse effects on the dynamics of socio-economic, cultural and political development of this known enterprising hub of continental repute. This paper, therefore, explores the manifestations, causes and impacts of rural instability in the southeast; and interrogates the perennial damaging realities of this state of insecurity in the region, quest for improved national economy and the pursuit for sustainable economic transformation in the country.It recommends strategic projects on rural development, political solution to issues of agitation, effective local government and traditional authority; creation of state police and demilitarization of the southeast for a progressive region with greater impetus to contribute to the drive for sustainable economic development in Nigeria.
Keywords: Rural, Insecurity, Sustainable, Economic, Development
Corresponding Author
EJIKE C. OKOROAFOR
Email Addresses: okoroaforec@gmail.com Stephenchukwuma288@gmail.com
Received: 13:3:2024; Accepted: 22:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Ejike C. OKOROAFOR
ABSTRACT
This article explores the dynamic interplay between the judiciary and the democratisation process in Nigeria, focusing on the critical period spanning 2015 to 2023. There have been controversies over a large number of cases handled by the judiciary, especially in terms of contradictions between pronouncements of the lower and higher courts on similar or identical cases. Many court rulings have overturned free and fair elections, appointing losers governors and National Assembly members. The paper examines the judiciary's vital role in shaping and protecting democratic institutions in Nigeria's shifting political climate. By examining key legal opinions, electoral conflicts, and institutional barriers, the research tries to illuminate the court's accomplishments and problems throughout this transformative period.
This study had three main objectives that addressed these concerns. It examined (i) the judiciary's role in the democratic process during the specified time frame; (ii) assessed the influence of judicial rulings on democratic institutions from 2015 to 2023; and (iii) evaluated the judiciary's challenges in promoting democracy. Institutional theory served as the foundation for the investigation. We used qualitative analysis, case studies, and legal and political events to analyse primary and secondary data. The study revealed that political meddling and corruption allegations threatened Nigeria's judiciary. Public trust in the judiciary has declined due to controversial decisions and bias. Despite challenges, the judiciary has promoted democracy through landmark decisions, upholding the rule of law, and fair elections. The research recommended strengthening the judiciary's autonomy, boosting its capacities and effectiveness, and evaluating current legal systems.
Keywords: Democracy, democratization, electoral process, institutional challenges, judicial independence.
Corresponding Author :Cornel Chinedu U. UDUMAGA
Email Address: cornel.udumaga@alvanikoku.edu.ng Telephone: +2347035214994
Received: 23:3:2024; Accepted: 22:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Cornel Chinedu U. UDUMAGA
ABSTRACT
This study focused on analyzing the physical and population growth of Tumfure sector, Gombe State. The data for this study was obtained from satellite Google images of Tumfure area in Gombe town for three periods (2009, 2014 and 2019). Both the images were sourced from Google Earth Software Application using the Historical image extensions. Population data for the study area was obtained from National population Commission (NPC) office in Gombe. Purposive sampling technique was used to administer structure questionnaire to 100 respondents within the study area. The findings revealed that there was an exponential growth in both physical growth of the sector from 0.5km2 in 2009 to 1.9 km2 in 2014 and increase of over 300% within the span of five years, while in 2019, the built-up area was 3.32 km2, an increase of almost 200% over that of 2009 and the population increase was in geometric rate for all the years under the study. The study also identifies the physical development problems of the sector which range from improper planning, gully erosion, lack of access road to inadequate supply of water which constitute the major physical development problems.
Based on the findings of the research, the analysis of the growth of Tumfure sector of Gombe town, the following are therefore recommended that Government agencies or departments responsible for Planning development, should control the development of Tumfure sector, so that proper development can be attained. It is recommended that the Government should provide infrastructure in the sector such as access road, schools and more health centers. In addition, Government should control the expansion of the gullies which constitute a serious developmental problem on the southern flank of Tumfure sector.
Keywords: Physical characteristics, population growth, urban development, Tumfure, sector.
Corresponding Author: Rebecca Stephen SATI: Tel. +23408030643392;
Email Address: satirebecca@gmail.com
Received: 28:3:2024; Accepted: 24:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Rebecca Stephen SATI
ABSTRACT
The study, argued that the African Church should engage in economic sustainability in the African continent through food preservation. The fact that hunger has been weaponized by the rich and powerful nations, groups and individuals, calls for urgent response from the Church to look inwards towards food production and food preservation. This will prevent starvation and close the lacuna in the food supply and consumption chain in Africa. Food availability in Africa will support and enhance economic development and sustainability. The event in Jesus ministry in Mathew 14:10-21 teaches the imperativeness of food preservation by the Christian community called the Church. The purpose of the research is to find out what the disciples of Jesus did in Matt 14:13-21 and apply to African Church. The design of the study was qualitative research that emphasizes the interpretative analysis of texts, communications and human interactions. Biblical hermeneutics and literary methods were used in collating data for the study. Method of data analysis was interpretation of Biblical text. The study is anchored on heat-transfer theory of Sir Isaac Newton. The findings of the research include: Jesus fed the people in this community out of compassion. The disciples in Mathew 14:10-21 engaged in food distribution in Jesus community. The disciples in Mathew 14:10-21 engaged in picking up broken pieces of leftover food which involves food preservation. The study concludes by recommending that the Church in Africa should endeavour to feed her members and non-members alike. The Church in Africa should as a matter of necessity engage in food production and preservation in the face of crushing hunger and poverty that is hunting the African community, the Church inclusive.
Keywords: Food, preservation, means, economic sustainability, imperative, African church.
Corresponding Author: Charles Anozie ANYANWU
Email Address: charlesanya10@gmail.com Tel: +2348037845948
Received: 23:4:2024; Accepted: 28:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Charles Anozie ANYANWU
ABSTRACT
Business education and information and communication technologies have been major academic programmes that have added value to the economic situation of any developed nation based on their pivotal roles in entrepreneurship development. Significantly, the impact of business education and ICT can never be undermined in a challenged economy. Therefore, this study examines the impact of business education (accounting option) and ICT on instilling entrepreneurial capacity and traits among undergraduate students in Nigerian universities. The following literature was reviewed in the study: Concept of business education, concept of ICT, concept of entrepreneurship, and the term entrepreneurship capacity and traits. The study therefore concluded that the positive economic impact of business education (an accounting option) and ICT should not be underrated based on their economic value. Recommendations were therefore made, thus: that the curriculum of business education (accounting option) in Nigerian universities be tailored towards entrepreneurship and ICT exposure; also, the teaching of ICT, both practical and theoretical, should be made compulsory at all levels for all disciplines in Nigerian universities; and moreso, more experts should be recruited to teach business education (accounting option) and ICT in order to instill entrepreneurial capacity and traits in undergraduates at universities.
Keywords: Business education, ICT, entrepreneurship, capacity and traits
Corresponding Author: Oluwabunmi Amos OLUWO
Email Addresses: oluwoamos1@gmail.com & oluwooa@lasued.edu.ng
Received: 30:3:2024; Accepted: 20:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Oluwabunmi Amos OLUWO
ABSTRACT
This work centred around a critical examination of the concepts of staff recruitment and selection and their impact on organizational productivity. The article undertook conceptual clarifications in relation to the dual concepts of recruitment and selection in addition to examining the problems limiting their positive and effective application in organizations. The qualitative method using historical and content analysis was employed as the research methodology for the dual purposes of data gathering and data analysis, while three research questions guided the entire research process. Findings and results showed that, recruitment and selection are often misconceptualized to mean employment and final offer of appointment respectively, while technically, recruitment means a call for applications from job seekers and selection on the other hand entails short listing some of the screened applicants for final consideration for employment. Results further showed that; negative or indirect recruitment, non-compliance to the principles of due-process, poor job analysis, poor finances and unwarranted interferences are some of the obvious limitations to the positive and effective application of these two concepts in the employment process within organizations. It is therefore recommended that; proper conceptualization and conscientization of the true and technical meanings of recruitment and selection be carried out by organizations through expert assistance, that recruitment advertisements should be done using the direct and open method, that adequate finances be provided in addition to the involvement of professional experts in the entire process as well as the strict and religious adherence to the principles of due-process from the point of recruitment to the point of selection and final offer of appointment.
Keywords: Staff recruitment, staff selection, organization, Productivity
Corresponding Author: Eugene Obiefule Ifeanyichukwu: Tel: +2348065184357 & +2348032082488
Email Address: ifeanyichukwueugene5@gmail.com
Received: 16:3:2024; Accepted: 22:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Eugene Obiefule Ifeanyichukwu
ABSTRACT
The study evaluated the factors influencing level of students‟ enrollment in public secondary schools in Mbaitoli Local Government Area, Imo State. Survey research design was adopted for the study. Study adopted stratified random sampling to select a sample of 294 students comprising 153 male and 141 female SS2 students. Data were obtained through primary and secondary sources. Primary data were obtained using questionnaire and physical observation. Analyses of data were carried out using descriptive statistics and Multiple Regression Analysis. Findings show that there are twenty two (22) public secondary schools in the study area. There is low level of students‟ enrollment in the schools and factors which significantly influence enrollment are; distance to school, inadequate school facilities, inadequate sanitation facilities and teachers‟ performance. The study recommends that parents teachers associations, old students‟ associations, political office holders and community development unions in communities where these schools are located should be encouraged to compliment State Government efforts in providing school infrastructural facilities to enhance enrollment of students and learning in public secondary schools in the study area. Teachers in public secondary schools should be exposed to constant training by the Secondary Education Management Board (SEMB) for better learning outcomes.
Keywords: Public secondary schools, student enrollment, Mbaitoli, Local Government Area
Corresponding Author: Chinyere Lawrencia Charles-Akalonu
Email Address: charlesakalonuc@gmail.com
Received: 13:3:2024; Accepted: 28:4:2024; Published: DD MM 2024

Chinyere Lawrencia Charles-Akalonu
ABSTRACT
The study examined ICT knowledge and the cognitive development of primary school pupils in Imo State. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a correlation research design. The study’s population consisted of all the pupils in the 1280 public primary schools in the 27 Local Government Areas that make up Imo State. The study included a sample of 358 Primary 5 pupils. The study employed Proportionate stratified random sampling techniques. The research instruments for this study are: 1CT Knowledge Rating Scale (1CTKRS) the Cognitive Development Rating Scale (CDRS) and 10 items of the ICIKRS to measure the pupils ICT knowledge /ability. The MDRS, comprising of 20 items, assesses the pupil’s cognitive development on a five-point scale. This study checked the instruments’ face and content validity and used Cronbach’ alpha to determine the reliability level. For the ICTKRS and CDRS, the scores were 0.81 and 0,85, respectively.
The data collected were analysed using Pearson r to answer the research questions, while a t- test of simple correlation was used to test the hypotheses at an alpha level of 0.05. Among other findings, we discovered a moderate positive and significant relationship between ICT knowledge and intellectual abilities of primary school pupils in Imo State. The study also revealed a high positive relationship between ICT knowledge and perceptual abilities of primary school pupils in Imo State. Among other recommendations, the government should provide ICT enabling gadgets to primary schools to support the pupils’ intellectual development.
Keywords: Coefficient, cognitive, development, primary education, pupils.
Corresponding Author: Bridget Nkechi NWOSU.
Email Address: nwosunkechibridget@gmail.com Tel: +2347031520999
Received: 17:3:2024; Accepted: 25:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Bridget Nkechi NWOSU
Abstract
The study looked at the relationship between carbon emissions and foreign direct investment: the effect of Nigeria's fiscal policies in an effort to provide a remedy. Time series data from 1981 to 2023 were used in the analysis. The series has mixed stationary levels, according to the results of the ADF, PP, and DF-GLS unit root tests. The aforementioned outcome made it easier to apply the ARDL estimate to investigate the relationship between carbon emissions and foreign direct investment in Nigeria as well as the combined effect of fiscal policy and carbon emission reduction. There are two methods to convey the study's findings. The first method shows how Nigeria's carbon emissions are impacted by foreign direct investment.
The results show that although a single foreign direct investment may not produce emissions immediately, it does cause long-term environmental problems. However, over time, population increase, energy use, and growth all contribute to Nigeria's carbon dioxide emissions. The second model examines how Nigeria's fiscal policy handles carbon emissions and foreign direct investment. The outcome demonstrates that, similar to short-term growth, foreign direct investment has little effect on emissions in Nigeria. By examining her sources of income and spending habits, the findings demonstrate the importance of government fiscal policy in promoting foreign direct investment and reducing carbon emissions. The data' ramifications show that fiscal policy is a two-edged tool that can be used to both promote foreign direct investment and reduce emissions from a range of sources. Based on the study's findings, the government should invest in renewable energy since it is more environmentally friendly and the use of energy sources based on emissions should be monitored.
Keywords: Foreign investment, carbon emission, fiscal policy, time series, Nigeria.
Corresponding Author: Kunle Bankole OSINUSI:
Email Address: Osinusikb@tasued.edu.ng
Received: 13:3:2024; Accepted: 28:4:2024; Published: DD MM 2024

Kunle Bankole OSINUSI
ABSTRACT
Music producers, writers, studio/ live sound engineers and stage performers are now capable of expressing themselves musically, through digital platforms, like: live streaming and other information and communication network service providers anytime, anywhere around the globe. Music production and the continuous improvement and compatible structure with Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI), cannot be over-emphasized. This work Integrating Excellent Research Practices in Music Production for Entrepreneurship Education Through Digital Technology to Achieve Sustainable Development, discuses on how to venture into outstanding musical production through live music performances, live sound /stage recording, studio recording, using available digital technology, riding on modern digital information and communication platforms to improve and encourage music production and its entrepreneurship education. The researchers applied systematic participant observatory methods to elicit information from students, on concepts of digital music production, music entrepreneurship education; benefits and challenges of digital music production for entrepreneurship purpose. Thoughts were given to music education and its importance towards preparing graduates for entrepreneurship purposes. Recently, entrepreneurship education has become imperative in higher institutions in Nigeria; because it offers a realistic approach to solving the endemic problem of unemployment and underemployment. The need for regular review of music education curriculum contents to achieve relevance to students learning contents, government‟s duty in providing an enabling environment for teaching and learning were reechoed and recommended. The paper recommended that government at all level should try to meet the 26% allocation to education as recommendation by United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). It further recommended the provision of specific human capital development programms through workshops, seminars, and conferences for music education lecturers, music teachers and instructors to achieve sustainable development.
Keywords: Music, digital production, entrepreneurship education, music technology, music education Corresponding Author: Kingsley K. Egwu-Kalu:
Email: kingsley.egwu-kalu@alvanikoku.edu.ng Tel: 08035427558
Received: 27:3:2024; Accepted: 24:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Kingsley K. EGWU-KAL
ABSTRACT
This research investigated the Government Policies and Performance of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The results indicated that government policies have great influence on the performance of manufacturing firms considering the magnitude and level of the significance of the coefficient and p-value. It is evident that a relationship between economic policy and business productivity could also be seen over time. In carrying out this study, the researcher used the cross-sectional research design in accessing the target population. The population of this study is made up of two hundred (200) manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The
general managers, marketing managers, sales managers, human resource managers, and
production managers of the 4 manufacturing companies in Nigeria make up the unit of
analysis, which is a micro unit of analysis. 180 managers in the aforementioned category
were selected from 4 manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Data on the respondents'
(managers') economic policy and its relationship to productivity were gathered using a
standardized questionnaire. The survey was formatted on a five-point Likert scale, with
responses ranging from strongly agrees to strongly disagree. The respondents (managers) of
the 4 manufacturing firms in Nigeria were given 180 questionnaires, of which 172 copies
were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and the spearman
correlation coefficient was deplored in harnessing the hypotheses. The SPSS version 23.0
was used to run the correlation analysis. Their responses were analyzed using simple mean
and percentages. This was considered adequate for the instrument to be used for the study.
The study posits that policies should be put in place to check mate hoarding of exchange,
and exchange rate should be subsidized to the private business sector to support their foreign
transactions.
Keywords: Trade, external policy, manufacturing firm, productivity, economic policy
Corresponding Author
Nnenna Nancy CHUKWUMA, Email Address: nnchukwuma@noun.edu.ng
Received: 13:4:2024; Accepted: 28:4:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Nnenna Nancy CHUKWUMA
ABSTRACT
This study is centered on a critical analysis of the role of the Nigerian political class in Nigeria’s political development in the fourth republic. The political class could be in the ruling party or in the opposition. Political development is used to describe the level of improvement made by a nation in the areas of political differentiation, institutions specialization as well as secularization of political culture. Since the restoration of democratic rule in Nigeria in May 1999, the activities of the political class in certain quarters have been noted to be on the positive side. However, it has also been observed that some members of the political class in Nigeria have been engaging in some activities that have remained unwholesome in the efforts being made towards political development in Nigeria. The study is anchored on the group theory. Methodologically, this study adopted the secondary means of data collection. The content method was applied in the analysis. The study reveals that the persistence of political corruption, executive recklessness and intimidation, electoral violence and malpractice, among others has been derailing political development in Nigeria’s fourth republic. The study recommends the building of strong institutions and re-awakening of the spirit of patriotism by all citizens, most importantly by members of the Nigerian political class.
Keywords: Nigeria, Political Class, Development, Fourth Republic, Corruption.
Corresponding Author:Cyprian C. ALOZIE: Email Address: aloziechimdi@gmail.com
Telephone Number: +2348036279939
Received: 12:3:2024; Accepted: 29:4:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Cyprian C. ALOZIE
ABSTRACT
This paper examined the role of civil society in Community development in Nigeria by studying the experience of the Nigeria Red Cross Society (NRCS). The researchers adopted descriptive qualitative method of analysis and secondary source of data collection technique which entails documentation of related literature. The study revealed that factors impeding NRCS efforts to ensure community development include; Lack of diligent support of community dwellers to NRCS development projects, high rate of illiteracy among rural community dwellers and government de-emphasis on insecurity in rural communities. It was recommended that; Government and community dwellers should co-operate with NRCS in its genuine efforts to actualize community development. NRCS should give adequate attention to literacy enhancement need of diverse community dwellers for them to embrace modernity. Government should collaborate with mostly community leaders to launch and sustain pro- active zero tolerance of insecurity in rural communities, by training and equipping vigilante. Thereafter, conclusion was drawn that NRCS is an enviable instrument of community development in Nigeria. Hence, government and individuals should, in sincerity encourage it genuine efforts towards achieving community development.
Keywords: Civil society, community, development, Nigeria Red Cross, and community development.
Corresponding Author: Charles Chidi EKEADA
Email Address: ekeadacharles@gmail.com Tel: +2348064833070
Received: 22:3:2024; Accepted: 19:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Charles Chidi EKEADA
ABSTRACT
This work centred around the impact of political science learners’ support services on instructional delivery in Nigerian universities using the Department of Political Science, Imo State University as a case study. The qualitative method using historical/content analysis and the quantitative method using descriptive survey design were employed as the research methodology while the mean (X) and simple percentage (%) statistical tools were also used for the purpose of data analysis. Four research objectives and four research questions guided this research activity. Discoveries from critical examination of available data portrayed that, a majority of learners’ support services were not available and that only a few of them can be found in the department of political science of Imo state university for proper instructional delivery. Moreover, over-populated classrooms, small sizes of classrooms, poor funding for the provision and management of these support services as well as poor learning environment are some of the factors limiting the effective and efficient application of these support services in instructional delivery in the department of political science of Imo state University. Hence, it is recommended that, enough financial resources should be provided for the procurement/maintenance of support services, lecturers should be properly trained and retrained in the use of learners’ support services in addition to the provision of conducive learning environment by making available larger/quality classroom blocks and by moderating the quality/number of students’ intake per academic session.
Keywords: Political Science, Learners’ Support Services, Instructional Materials
Corresponding Author: Eugene O. Ifeanyichukwu
Email Address: ifeanyichukwueugene5@gmail.com Telephone: +2348037106438
Received: 14:3:2024; Accepted: 21:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Eugene O. Ifeanyichukwu
ABSTRACT
Knowledge management is an important facet of every higher education. This mantra is associated with human and material resources development when effective, it leads to competency of staff and realization of organizational goals. The crux of the paper is on the problems and future of knowledge management in the academic sphere. This is qualitative study that adopted the descriptive design aimed at highlighting the problems and future of knowledge management in higher institutions. The problems include, management incompetence, and ineffectiveness of staff, upsurge in knowledge, obsolete information communication facilities, negative attitude of staff to knowledge flow, poor quality service from staff, poor knowledge sharing approaches and uncontrolled knowledge. The paper noted that knowledge management in the academia will have a bright future, auspicious and encouraging as a result of the following factors, improvement in information and communication technology which will bring about improvement in knowledge storage, improvement in knowledge storage, retrieval and processing. It would bring about employment of staff with ICT skills instead of having to train staff on the job. Globalization of education has offered phenomenal expansion to knowledge acquisition. The paper recommends as follows; doubling of allocation to education especially the library to run costs accruing from managing knowledge. Organizing seminars, conferences, workshops for more training in knowledge management, and implementing policies on plagiarism. Others are found in the paper.
Keywords: knowledge management, academia, globalization of education, ICT skills organizational goals.
Corresponding Author: Josephine U. NWAGWU
Email Address: Josephinenwagwu8@gmail.com Tel: 08033386701
Received: 15:3:2024; Accepted: 20:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Josephine U. NWAGWU
ABSTRACT
The study investigates the availability and utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the teaching and learning of Social Studies in teacher education institutions in South East states. Three objectives, research questions and hypotheses respectively guided the study. The study employed a survey research design. The population of the study was 100 teacher educators. The sample size for the study was 100 Social Studies teacher educators. The instruments for data collection were checklist and structured questionnaire which had a reliability index of 0.81 using Cronbach Alpha statistics. The instruments were validated by five specialists from Imo State University, Owerri. Frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the research questions and ANOVA was used to test null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that ICT facilities are not enough in teacher educator institutes. Also, the findings of the study showed that available ICT tools were under-utilized in teacher education institutes, students are taught with inadequate ICT facilities which may affect their academic performance. The study recommended among others that governments, non- governmental organizations, communities, schools and other well-meaning individuals and philanthropists should provide ICT facilities in schools for enhanced ICT utilization for effective teaching and learning purposes. Similarly, school administrators should encourage the utilization of available ICTs by giving incentives to teachers that effectively and efficiently use them in teaching.
Keywords: Communication, social studies, teacher education, teaching, technology
Corresponding Author: Chidi I. NWOKEDI: Email Address: nwokedichidi2@gmail.com Tel: +2348035485983
Received: 3:4:2024; Accepted: 22:5:2024; Published: 30:5: 2024

Chidi I. NWOKEDI
ABSTRACT
Education is a critical tool for equipping citizens as crucial agents of national development, with relevant knowledge, skills and values to boost their capacity to engineer sustainable development. However, education that can transform citizens into effective human resources for national development needs to go beyond the goal of imparting knowledge and skills by deliberately targeting the awakening of the national consciousness, passion and patriotism of learners, which is the central objective of citizenship education. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to examine the role of citizenship education towards sustainable national development in Nigeria. The reflective qualitative research method, which involves critical interpretive review of various perspectives and content analysis of documentary and non- documentary data, was employed. The study found, among other things, that the structure of learning experience in schools in Nigeria tends to foster a sense of individual and personal achievements, privileging self-actualization and personal fulfillment over the social role of the learner as an agent of national development, thereby engendering competitive individualized struggle for survival as against collaborative social action to address teething socioeconomic problems besetting the nation. The study, therefore, recommended that educational programmes be restructured to equip learning with not only the mental capacity and skills to make a living, but also a passionate affective orientation that accommodates national development as an indispensable corollary to personal fulfillment.
Key words: Citizenship, Education, Patriotism, Human resources, National development.
Corresponding Author: Maduabuchi OGIDI
Received: 24:3:2024; Accepted: 19:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Maduabuchi OGIDI
ABSTRACT
This research is aimed to analyze the relationship between housing satisfaction and mental well-being in Owerri, Imo State. The research aim was to identify building types in the area, compare housing satisfaction across different residential densities, identify factors influencing housing satisfaction, and examine the relationship between housing satisfaction and mental well-being. The study used questionnaires for data collection, while inferential and descriptive statistics were employed for data analyses. The data were collected from 400 sampled respondents residing in various neighbourhoods in Owerri. The indices used for this study included socio-demographic characteristics, housing and neighbourhood characteristics, housing satisfaction, and mental well-being indicators. The research focused on household heads in the neighbourhoods which are male, with 73.7% representation. The respondents were of diverse age groups, with the highest proportion falling within the 40-49 years. The research demonstrated that housing satisfaction significantly varied across different residential densities, as shown by the one-way ANOVA analysis with the probability value (P-value) < 0.05. Moreover, multiple regression analysis indicated that socio-demographic factors, housing characteristics, and neighbourhood characteristics exerted a significant influence on housing satisfaction with the probability value (P-value) < 0.05.
Keywords: Housing satisfaction, mental well-being, residential densities, neighbourhood
characteristics, Imo State
Corresponding Author
Njoku-Kingsley IKEMDINACHUKWU: Email Address: cndulue5349@stu.ui.edu.ng
Tel: +2348119025495
Received: 12:4:2024; Accepted: 23:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Njoku-Kingsley IKEMDINACHUKWU
ABSTRACT
This research study essentially examined the achievement and challenges of EFCC in the fight against corruption in Nigeria. From the relevant reviewed literatures, it was established that there is corruption in Nigeria and the structural functional analysis was considered necessary and useful in this study because of its potential of providing a scientific and value free knowledge knowing that EFCC is seen as a structure introduced by political elite with the authority of checking financial crimes in the economy. The study also analytically considered the work of Idris (2021) which examined EFCC and anti-corruption crusade in Nigeria. The study concludes by recommending the need for EFCC to be more sophisticated and honest in its investigation and prosecution of corruption cases.
Keywords: Corruption, Commission, Financial Crimes and Money Laundering Corresponding Author: Precious Chukwuma AKOBUNDU: Email Addresses: akobunduprecious0@gmail.com,
precious.akobundu@alvanikoku.edu.ng Telephone Number: +2348037425538
Received: 12:4:2024; Accepted: 25:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Precious Chukwuma AKOBUNDU
ABSTRACT
Women are great assets to every human society. Their role in the traditional Igbo religion and culture was too enormous to be easily swept under the carpet of historical oversight. This paper by seeking to examine the role of women in the traditional Igbo religion and culture begins by definition of key concepts used in the study. It goes ahead to look at womanhood in the traditional Igbo religion and culture; the role of women in the traditional Igbo religion and culture and women‟s challenges in the traditional religion and culture. It highlights socio- cultural violence, discrimination and patriarchy “which sees men as superior, heads and lords over women believed to be inferior and second class citizens”, as major impediments to women‟s role in the traditional Igbo religion and culture. It concludes by stressing that women can do better in modern society if given the necessary support by the men. The paper, thus recommends that every form of cultural and gender-imposed discrimination on women should be dismantled to enable them function effectively and bring their full potentials to bear on the development and wellbeing of Igboland in particular and Nigeria in general.
Keywords: Women, Igboland, Traditional Igbo Religion, Culture.
Corresponding Author: Simeon U. N. DURUJI
Email Address: venduruji@gmail.com Telephone: +2348037106438
Received: 18:3:2024; Accepted: 23:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Simeon U. N. DURUJI
ABSTRACT
This paper explored the inseparable and invaluable importance of Christian theology in peace building in Africa. At present, Africa as a continent is being besieged by internecine wars and upheavals, which make the attainment of peace an utopia. At the heart of Christian theology lies the need to foster a peaceful existence not just between God and man, but also between man and his neighbour. A theology of peace would not only entrench a just and righteous society but guarantee peace and harmony. Hence, theology undertakes not just a systematic evaluation of the nature, purposes and redemptive activities of God but also aims at evaluating among all the nature of man in relationship to His creation, communicable attributes to God, often which he shares God’s image. This benevolent endowment demands a responsible stewardship not only in harnessing human and material resources but also to ensure their preservation and sustenance through the promotion of peaceable environment.
Jesus as the Prince of peace came to inaugurate his salvific mission by preaching peace and reconciliation instead of retribution. Africa is a diverse continent notable for heterogeneity evidenced in multi-ethic, multicultural and multi-religious. Hence, this paper with the use of evaluative and hermeneutical appraisal of extant articles and books on relevant subject matters acceded to the fact that human being though created in the source of wars and conflicts. Therefore, in order to maintain peace, a proper reflection is germane on the theological bases of peace which are the Abrahamic and Jesus model of theology of peace. These viewpoints will significantly contribute to peace building in Africa.
Keywords: Theology, peace building, image of God, conflicts
Corresponding Author: Festus Chukwunyere OPARA: Address: oprahfestus@gmail.com Tel: +2348038190828
Received: 21::2024; Accepted: 25:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Festus Chukwunyere OPARA
ABSTRACT
This study investigated entrepreneurship as a catholicon to Imo state’s economic progress: Assessment of select enterprises in Owerri. Two research questions were raised. 93 enterprises were sampled and studied. A content analysis approach that used inferential method was employed. The findings revealed that: availability and consistency of entrepreneurship education in higher institutions in IMO stimulate stimulate entrepreneurship skills in future graduates. Also lack of retraining on the part of entrepreneurship instructors, poor enterprising culture and inadequate facilities and equipment for teaching and learning in practical related courses are among major factors inhibiting entrepreneurship education.
Based on these findings, recommendations include; more qualified trainers should be made available in higher institutions in Imo State, more facilities should be provided to help future graduates become self-employed, also adequate finance and funding should be made available by government, private sector and other conglomerates to enhance adequate financial provision of funding of entrepreneurs.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Catholicon, Economic Progress, Assessment, Owerri.
Corresponding Author: Chimezie O. AMANZE
Email Address: amanze.chimezie@alvanikoku.edu.ng
Tel: +2348066778903
Received: 22:4:2024; Accepted: 26:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Chimezie O. AMANZE
ABSTRACT
Un-employment: the challenge of Nigeria's education system is an attempt to x-ray the relevance of skill in the curricular of various levels of education and the several education policies of Nigeria. Whereas education aims at holistic development of the individual with a view to positioning him to harness the natural resources in his environment to his advantage, lack of skill can still rob him of the prospects of better life in the midst of plenty. The objective of this research included interrogating whether there is a nexus between lack of skill in the education curricular of various levels of education in Nigeria and their extant un- employability status. The core finding of the paper was that, in spite of the several well- intentioned education policies that have dotted the pre- and post-independence Nigeria, there appears to be massive production of un-employable school leavers in Nigeria due to emphasis on paper qualifications without matching same with acquisition of relevant skills that enhance employability of the school leavers. This has been the challenge of many secondary schools leavers and tertiary institutions graduates in Nigeria. Further finding suggest that this un- employability status has led to increase in the availability of school graduates for vices like kidnapping, armed robbery, insurgency, separatist agitations, thuggery, election violence, intimidation and brutal assassinations, etc, among the youths in Nigeria.
This paper, therefore, posited that absence of hands on approach, occasioned by frequent truncation of otherwise well thought out education policies, was the gap in the nexus between education for white collar jobs and acquisition and application of skills that enhance employability among the youths in Nigeria.
Keywords: education, skill-acquisition, school leavers and un-employability.
Corresponding Author: Obiageri Gloria ELEAGU
Email Address: obyeleagu@gmail.com
Tel: +2349055665656
Received: 20:4:2024; Accepted: 26:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Obiageri Gloria ELEAGU
ABSTRACT
The study examined Google Classroom as a tool of virtual learning and academic performance of Economics students in Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education from 2019-2023. Four research questions guided the study. The design of the study was descriptive survey design. The population of the study was 3919 while a sample size of 196 was adopted.
Mean was used as the statistical tool to analyze the data collected. After the analysis using tables, it was discovered that Google classroom provides a veritable platform for both teachers and students to utilize digital technological tools for students’ engagement in an online environment. The platform promotes active learning which makes the learning materials more accessible to students anywhere anytime. Based on the findings, it was recommended that teachers should ensure that time limits are given to students to submit their works to enable them participate and students on their own part should as a matter of necessity own gadgets to enable them access Google classroom whenever and wherever.
Keywords: Google classroom, virtual learning and academic performance
Corresponding Author: Sandralyn Ifeoma OBUIKWU
Email Address: sandyifyy@gmail.com
Tel: +2348066778903
Received: 1:4:2024; Accepted: 26:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Sandralyn Ifeoma OBUIKWU
ABSTRACT
This study evaluates the influence of living conditions of female students residing in the hostels on their academic performance in the University of Benin, Ogbowo Campus, Edo State. The total sample size of 250 female students were systematically drawn from five hostels (comprising NDDC, Keystone, Hall 1, Hall 2, and Hall 3) respectively. Data were generated using structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The linear regression model of the multiple effects of hostel conditions (predictors) on female students’ academic performance gives a very low coefficient of 0.172, and a corresponding low F- value of 0.50. This study established that the predicting variables did not satisfy sufficiently the prediction of the dependent variable (Respondents academic performance). Similarly, ANOVA model of differences among and hostels and student academic performance gives a very weak mean square value of 2.26, with a corresponding low F –Value of 2.219. It is inferred from the result that there is no statistically significance at p < 0.05. That means, the p value is = 0.068, which is > 0.05.
The implication is that the null hypothesis is accepted and affirmed that there is no statistical significant difference between female hostels’ residents and students’ academic performance in the University of Benin. This study recommends that the University authority should consider a long-term strategic plan to address structural issues relating to hostel infrastructure and capacity.
Keywords: Statistical model, female hostels, living conditions, academic performance
Corresponding Author: Ehiane OTABOR-OLUBOR
Email Address: ehiane.otabor-olubor@uniben.edu
Tel: +2348037331766
Received: 25:4:2024; Accepted: 29:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Ehiane OTABOR-OLUBOR
Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS)
Faculty of Social and Management Sciences,
Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri
Imo State, Nigeria.
Volume 1 Issue 1 May, 2024.

Cover Page
ABSTRACT
Issues of global warming and insecurity have emerged as critical determinants influencing the agricultural sector which can potentially lead to food crisis. This paper examined the effect of anthropogenic global warming and insecurity on agricultural productivity in Nigeria. The time series data used for the analyses spanned between 1981 and 2020. The variables include :
Agriculture output (AP), Methane emission (MT), Population (PP), Terrorist Attacks (TA) and Terrorist Deaths (TD). The bounds test to co-integration approach based on the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was estimated. The results indicate that the variables are co-integrated. The ECM term is negatively signed and statistically significant. The speed of adjustment of short-run deviations from long-run equilibrium is 32 percent annually. Our findings indicate that population growth and methane emission are positively related to agricultural productivity while insecurity (terrorists attacks and deaths) leads to decrease in agricultural productivity. We recommend that government should employ scientific methods towards selection of its mitigation policies as not all emissions are harmful to agricultural productivity. Government should strengthen the security architecture to secure the farmlands and farmers. We further recommend use of indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms and peace-building strategies in restoring stability to conflict-prone areas.
Keywords: Anthropogenic, global warming, insecurity, agricultural productivity, ARDL
Corresponding Author: Chinedu A. Nwosu
Email Address: Chinedunwosu2002@gmail.com
Received: 17:3:2024; Accepted: 19:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Chinedu A. Nwosu
Abstract
Terrorism is one of the Major factors of political radicalism in African politics and has assumed different dimensions that call for diplomatic solutions for its resolution. Its occurrence is widespread across the six geo-political zones of Nigeria that has been tagged a “West African terrorist enclave" (Gen Idada, 2013). Generally, most scholars believed the insurgency of Terrorism in Nigeria to be political with Gunboat Diplomacy Approach (Cable, 1971) where military or perhaps militia strength is used for intimidation in order to achieve certain non-political objectives, but this paper develops Insurgency Diplomatic Approach (IDA) to explain that terrorism is an insurgent phenomenon designed for diplomatic and political Objectives, as such a factor as the fourth stage (PR4) of political radicalism. This research article creates disparity twixt the implication involved in the politically motivated violence and that of the terrorists violence engineered for political objective in Nigeria, and defined Terrorism as a factor of Political Radicalism from African context
Keywords: Terrorism, Islamic terrorism, religious violence, diplomacy, Niger Delta militancy
Corresponding Author: Christopher Obiukwu: Tel. +234833506563;
Email Address: chrisobiukwu@yahoo.com
Received: 28:4:2024; Accepted: 4:5:2024; Published: 30:05:2024

Christopher Obiukwu
ABSTRACT
While modern observers of space had raised arguments on the nature of divides in the discipline of Geography using its philosophies, methods or both as indices, variations exist based on the training that learners received in different across places and time. This study evaluates the influence of gender divides in the teaching and learning of geography courses in Alvan Ikoku community with a view to ascertaining whether it is induced by politic or the nature of discipline. The three specific objectives that guided this study are to (1) evaluate students’ perceptions of the existing pedagogies in Geography; (2) determine whether gender divides influence the teaching and learning of Geography; and (3) ascertain whether disparities in students’ attitudes toward Geography negatively influence the teaching and learning processes. A total sampled size of 90 students offering geography or environment-related course were purposefully selected from the Faculty of Social Sciences. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed both descriptively and inferentially. The results reveal disparities in gender composition, with females comprising a total proportion of 70 percent while male constitute the residual 30 percent in the series. The staff composition and quality were identified as most focal motivating factor to students’ interest in the teaching and learning of Geography courses. Furthermore, the respondents’ perception and responsiveness to geographical pedagogies vary within and between gender due the nature of the discipline, but devoid of politic, or victimization. Also, the divided nature of Geography offers a captivating avenue for respondents to make their career. Finally, variations in respondents’ attitudes toward the discipline affect sustainability in teaching and learning, given the state-of-art laboratories and technologies available for users. This study recommends for increase capacity building and supply of more modern laboratory equipment to boost the stakeholders’ performances in this anthropocene age.
Keywords: Gender, pedagogy, responsiveness, geography, politic, education.
Corresponding Author
Dr. Ikpong Sunday Umo: ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-6889;
Tel: +2348037565958: Emails: umohikpong@yahoo.com & umo.ikpong@alvanikoku.edu.ng
Received: 27:7:2024; Revised: 7:9:2024; Accepted: 2:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Ezinne OKOROAFOR
ABSTRACT
Land use/ land cover changes due to increasing mining activities in Ishiagu Ivo area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria were examined between the period, 2007 and 2022. Over the years changes in land use/land cover have been evidence, although slow. However, with increasing economic awareness of solid mineral resources in the area, changes on the landscape have rather become of great concern. Landsat imagery from 2007-2022 at a five year interval were obtained from the LANDSAT of the US Geological Survey (USGS) and Earth Observation database. Land use classification through remote sensing data was done to identify and classify the different land use types-urban, agricultural and forested areas while land cover changes were examined under vegetation, water bodies and bare soil. Results show that changes are evident in time and space as agricultural land had a reduction of 15 percent of the total area due to conversion to mining sites. Forested areas showed a -50 percent change due forest clearance for further development while built-up had a combined increase of 23 percent within the period. Water bodies had a -3% negative reduction showing shrinkage. The absence of a regulatory body to oversee the level of degradation on the landscape through mining activities worsens the situation while recommendations were made to incorporate rural and urban planning into environmental monitoring standards in order to manage the landscape better for posterity.
Keywords; land use, land cover, mining, remotes sensing, GIS, change.
Corresponding Author
E. Ejenma: Email: eyinnaya@gmail.com TEL: +2347035309059
Received: 12:7:2024; Revised: 28:9:2024; Accepted: 1:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

E. EJENMA
ABSTRACT
Although the conditions of hostels in academic institutions influence students’ academic activities and overall performances, place-centered researches are rather eclipsed. This study investigates the perception and responsiveness to hostel conditions for sustainable students’ academic performance in Ugbowo Campos, Edo State. The specific objectives are to (1) determine the tenancy and academic levels of students in the hostels. (2) Evaluate the perception and reactions to hotel-induced drivers of academic performance. (3) Evaluate the perception and reactions. A grand total population of 4,886 female students was derived using census while a sampled size of 250 respondents was obtained using the Krejcie and Morgan Table, draw from five hostels. Data on level of perceptions were generated using a five-point Likert scale item while responsiveness was assess using oral interview. The analyses were carried out using graphs and percentages. The results on respondents’ compositions reveal the dominance of 100 level expressing 32.4 percent. Historical records of students’ academic performance show the dominance of those with second-class upper accounting for 52.4 Percent, followed by second-class lower with 29.6 percent. In context of hostels’ conditions the results reveal that Keystone hostel possesses the best basic facilities and cleanliness, each constituting 70.6 percent and lighting condition attracting 58. percent), while Hall 1 and Hall 3 offer the more reliable options with respect to proximity class. Further assessments reveal that Hall 1 and Hall 3 possess very poor ventilation and noise conditions, yet students’ responsiveness to ameliorate the adverse conditions were relatively low. This study recommends for immediate government-management partnership to fund renovate and provision of state-of-the-arts facilities in the study area to improve students’ living conditions and enhance their overall academic activities and performance.
Corresponding Author
Ehiane OTABOR-OLUBOR: Email: ehiane.otabor-olubor@uniben.edu

Ehiane OTABOR-OLUBOR
ABSTRACT
The problem of low tax generation, unavailability of tax statistics and poor record keeping, complex of payment as well as high cost of tax compliance and corruption is really affecting the Nigerian Government Revenue Generation, causing lack of funds for economic growth. Digital taxation and sustainable economic growth in Nigeria were examined as the possible solution. Ex-post facto research design was used in the study. Secondary data were used as obtained from Federal Inland Revenue Service Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistics from 2017 – 2023 following the commencement of taxation of digital economy in 2017. The data were reviewed, extracted and computed for the required data. One sample t-test statistic and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Findings indicated that e-tax payments and digital economy taxes have significant influence on sustainable economic growth in Nigeria for the period under study. It was concluded that Digital Taxation (e-tax payments and digital economy taxes) is key to sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. It was recommended among others that FIRS and other tax administrators in Nigeria should partner with multidisciplinary expertise to ensure that this new multi-stakeholder initiative digitalisation is fully implemented to helping Nigeria and other African countries to create better tax systems through innovative technologies; and all tax administrators in Nigeria should holistically review and reform its tax policies to ensure its tax base fully reflects the scale of transactions and profits generated from taxpayers.
Keywords: Digital taxation, e-tax payments, digital economy taxes, sustainable economic growth.
Corresponding Author
Ekubiat John UDO: Telephone Number: +234-8061271935
Email: ekubiat.udo@akwaibompoly.edu.ng, ekujohnn79@gmail.com
Received: 17:7:2024; Revised: 27:9:2024; Accepted: 2:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Ekubiat John UDO
ABSTRACT
The focus of this paper is on food security as panacea for socio – economic development in Nigeria in the 21st century. Over the years, efforts put in place by the Nigerian state in ensuring food security for socio – economic development has remained grossly inadequate. The hunger that results from food insufficiency or insecurity to the generality of the populace has impacted negatively on socio economic development of Nigeria. Food crisis in Nigeria is noted to have resulted from several factors. Methodologically, materials for the study were generated through the secondary method, whereas the content method was adopted in the analysis. Thomas Robert Malthus theory of population was adopted as theoretical framework. The study revealed that poor or inadequate attention to the agricultural sector as well as poor budgetary allocation into the sector by the various levels of government has exacerbated the level of hunger in the land. The study recommends increased budgetary allocation into the agricultural sector, mechanization of agriculture and provision of farm inputs to genuine farmers. In conclusion, the federal government and other relevant stake holders should not relent in addressing the challenge of insecurity in the food producing states or areas in Nigeria.
Keywords: Food, security, socio- economic, Agriculture, farming.
Corresponding Author
Cyprian C. ALOZIE : Telephone Number: 08036279939
Email: aloziechimdi@gmail.com /cyprian.alozie@abiastateuniversity.edu.ng

Cyprian C. ALOZIE
ABSTRACT
The Nigerian economy is rentier-based, which has encouraged systemic economic corruption to an unprecedented degree and hampered efforts to grow the country's economy. At least 75% of Nigeria's GDP comes from the export of crude oil, making it a significant source of foreign exchange earnings (GDP). Despite the growing interest in corruption, the term's general definitions in the literature are typically too vague to identify its precise manifestation in specific industries. Therefore, a thorough analysis of the literature on oil and economic corruption in Nigeria is done in this paper. It also presents literature-based proof of the heinous economic corruption that is destroying Nigeria's oil industry. The study concludes categorically that corruption plays a significant role in Nigeria's widespread poverty and slow economic growth after examining a number of factors. This study uses the qualitative method of data collection and analysis along with content analysis to provide guidance for the entire research process. The paper advocates, among other things, for expeditious legislation from the federal government and the industry leadership to enable the oil industry and its associated businesses to significantly curtail corrupt practices.
Keywords: Corruption, Economic growth, Industry, Implication, Nigeria and oil.
Corresponding Author
Ikechukwu A, ODUM , Email: lioniyke24@gmail.com, Telephone: 08062991227
Received: 12:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 7:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Ikechukwu A. ODUM
ABSTRACT
This study focused on the linkage between dividend payments on firm value of selected sample firms listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020. The objective of the study was to ascertain the impact of dividend payment policy on the value of the firm. Our result showed that dividend payment is positively related to firm value in our sample. The estimated model showed that a percentage increase in dividend payment causes 95 percent rise in firm value. Similarly, the estimated coefficient of profitability shows that firm value rises by 46 percent for a percentage increase in profit and a percentage increase in firm size will lead to about 7 percent increase in firm value. We therefore recommend that firm managers should select profitable projects in order to sustain dividend payment to stockholders. This will in turn engender favorable investor valuation of the firm.
Keywords: Firm value, dividend policy, panel regression
Corresponding Author
Chinedu A. NWOSU: Telephone Number: +2348036221987
Email Address: chinedunwosu2002@gmail.com
Received: 13:7:2024; Revised: 26:9:2024; Accepted: 15:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Kenneth O. EMEH
ABSTRACT The study examined the lasting imprints and legacies of Machiavellian political treatise on Realist theory of international politics. Three themes were set out for examination to: assess the background to Machiavelli's political thought; the main themes of Machiavelli's political thought and its criticisms and the extent it has made lasting imprints and legacies on the Realism in international politics. Anchored on the theory of Social Constructivism, the study adopted the historical-analytical design utilizing the qualitative method which relied on secondary sources of data collection and analysis including scholarly textbooks, journal articles, working papers, institutional seminar and lecture materials, YouTube and other internet sources. Findings show among others that the background influence of Machiavelli‘s political treatise were the Renaissance, instability and struggle for power, foreign invasion, experience from his diplomatic/civil service career and historical scholarship. Moreso, the main themes of Machiavelli‘s treatise were; preference for pragmatism over idealism, power politics, cynical human nature, preference for virtù over fortune and moralism. Furthermore, Machiavelli‘s influence/contributions to Realist theory among others are: pragmatism and adaptability, strategic decision-making and crisis management, deepening scholarship in political realism, maximization of state power dynamics and rational pursuit of state‘s interests over moralism, security and survival of state. There is therefore, need for further research on Machiavelli's treatise to deepen understanding and refine its applications in contemporary world. Keywords: Legacies, imprints, political treatise, realist theory, international politics.
Corresponding Author Ambrose. O. ABANEME: Telephone Number: 07038446430
Email Addresses: ambrose.abaneme@alvanikoku.edu.ng, abavanah@gmail.com
Received: 30:7:2024; Revised: 20:9:2024; Accepted: 20:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Ambrose O. ABANEME
ABSTRACT
This study examined the Effect of Computer Assisted Language Teaching syllabic pattern Performance in senior secondary school Students (SS II) in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study had one research objective which is; to find out the effect of computer assisted language teaching on syllabic pattern performance of senoir secondary school students in Kaduna. One research question was generated such as what is the difference between the performance of students taught English syllabic pattern using Computer Assisted language teaching and those taught without the CALT? This study is built on a null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the performances scores of students taught English syllabic pattern using computer assisted language teaching and those taught without the CALT. The study adopted quasi experimental design. The population of the study was 2,949 senior secondary school students from public secondary schools in Kaduna, which was the area of the study. The sample used for the study was 59 senior secondary school II students in two intact classes from the randomly selected school. The experimental group had 30 students while the control group had 29 students. Data were collected using the Syllabic Pattern Performance Test (SPPT). The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and one way (ANOVA). The major findings from the study revealed that there is significance difference in the performance scores of the students taught using computer assisted language teaching in English syllabic pattern, and those taught with Conventional Classroom teaching method. Based on the findings emanating from this study it was recommended that CALT should be integrated in classroom activities for teaching syllabic structure. The study was been able to establish the effect of Computer Assisted Language Teaching on syllabic phonemic performance in Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Keywords: Computer-assisted, CALT language, syllabic pattern, performance, school.
Corresponding Author
Yusuf Sadau SALEH: Telephone Number: +2348034253931
Email: Ysaleh66@gmail.com; yusuf.saleh@fulokoja.edu.ng
Received: 25:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 4:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Yusuf Sadau SALEH
ABSTRACT
Fundamentally speaking, impeachment is a constitutional procedure that enhances democracy and good governance, when it is applied appropriately. However, the spate of politically ill-motivated impeachments of Deputy Governors has become a threat not only to democracy, but, also to Nation-building. The broad objective of this study is to examine incessant and recurring impeachment of Deputy Governors and its implications to Democratic consolidation in Nigeria. Extant Literature was reviewed conceptually, theoretically, and empirically. The study extracted the basics prepositions of the Elite theory in the interrogation of the problematic. Methodologically, the qualitative historical descriptive research with documentary secondary sources of data was explored to carry out the study. Equally, Content analysis of inductive and deductive logical reasoning was fully utilized to systematically analyze the data. The findings showed that most of the impeachments of the Deputy Governors occurred due to political power tussles, party supremacy, personal loyalty, rather than actual misconduct or wrong doing. The study observed that these impeachments undermined Democratic Institution, Rule of law and the principles of separation of power, create political uncertainty, suppress oppositions, weakens legitimacy of Government, undermined unity and cohesion and indeed hinders development. The study recommends a holistic approach that will involve political reform, institutional strengthening and adherence to democratic principles that will enhance stability and consolidation.
Keywords: Deputy governors, democratic consolidation, impeachment, gross misconduct, constitution.
Corresponding Author
Ebiziem. J. Ebeziem: Telephone Number: +2348068162052
Email:
mbanoguesthouse@yahoo.com

Ebiziem Jude EBIZIEM
ABSTRACT
The Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) is the most frontal social movement in the renegotiation of the status/existence of the Igbos in the geo-political entity called Nigeria. Increased volatility in the Southeast region of Nigeria in recent time has sparked off debate on the modus operandi of the IPOB social movement. Relying on qualitative research, the study interrogated the nexus between state repression and radicalization of IPOB social movement. Findings revealed that the repressive actions of the government of Nigeria evident in torture, harassment, unlawful arrest, detention without trial, extra-judicial killing of IPOB members were responsible for the eventual transition of the group from a pacifist to a radical social movement. The study hence recommended among others that the government should not only address the fundamental variables that animated the IPOB movement but also display the highest level of professionalism in handling the IPOB members.
Key Words: State Repression, Radicalization, Social Movement, Indigenous people, Biafra,
Corresponding Author
Christopher, I. OBIUKWU: Telephone Number Phone: +2348033506563
Email: chrisobikwu@yahoo.com
Received: 12:7:2024; Revised: 21:9:2024; Accepted: 2:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

CHRISTOPHER .I. OBIUKWU
ABSTRACT
This study analyzes the challenges militating against political parties in Nigeria’s democratic governance from 1999 to 2024. Perpetration of electoral violence by desperate political parties, frequent defecting, high cost of nomination forms, security threats and others have been examined in this paper. Adopting system theory propounded by David Easton, Gabriel Almond and Von Bentallafy, the study uses the qualitative method of research, relying exclusively on secondary source of data. The secondary source of data which were gathered and summarized include newspapers, textbooks, magazines and journals. The study reveals that there has been a steady decline in voters’ turnout in Nigeria’s presidential elections in the fourth republic due to the problems of political parties. Electoral violence causes political apathy among some voters, high cost of nomination forms prevents some youths and women from contesting elective positions, intra-party crises and frequent defecting of politicians disorganize political parties and lead to inconsistency in policy implementation among political parties. Security threats have led to the death of some citizens and also retard economic and political developments. This study has therefore made a number of recommendations including, that the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) should monitor the activities of political parties. The National Assembly of Nigeria should come up with Laws that can effectively address the problems militating against Political Parties. Political Parties, Candidates and Voters should adhere strictly to the laws, rules and regulations guiding the proper conduct of elections in Nigerian democracy.
Keywords: Voters, political parties, national assembly, electoral violence and democracy
Corresponding Author:
Sunday Chukwuemeka OGU, Email: dr.ogusunday@yahoo.com
Received: 21:8:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 1:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Sunday Chukwuma OGU
ABSTRACT
Innovative library space, is instrumental to the success of an academic pursuit in every institution of higher learning. Hence the call for counseling students on positive study habit in their academic pursuit. Innovative library is important for information gathering and knowledge building for both the teacher and the learner. The demand for information, research findings and technological breakthrough is very crucial hence the importance of creating innovative library spaces. The Library should be stocked with current books and journals as well as a digital section for reading and research. The innovative library space should situate in a conducive environment. Since knowledge is strength, the researcher recommends that Government and individuals should encourage library for all by donating local and foreign books and computers for reading and research purposes. Client centered therapy is recommended for counselors to be used in the creation of awareness and for the student’s personal growth.
Keyword: Innovative Library, Space, Guidance, counseling, standard.
Corresponding Author
Obianuju C. IWUANYANWU: Telephone Number: +2348132894313
Email: ujuwuanyanwu2013@gmail.com

Obianuju C. IWUANYANWU
ABSTRACT
Federalism is a system of governance that allows multiple political parties to coexist and take part in state governance. This is noteworthy because a lot of social and racial groups want to keep individuals apart. Some claim that the 1999 amendments to Nigerian law promote a rentier political culture and economy in which "unequals" and "equals" exchange resources. There are groups within Nigeria's federal government that want to stay in the center and factions who want to move out. This looks to have seriously undermined the state apparatus. The riots and ethnic unrest that have engulfed much of the northeast and southeast are evidence of the unfairness of the federal system. This study attempts to understand how Nigerian federalism, federal character, power dynamics, and resource control affect the political and economic lives of the Igbo people in the southeast of the country. It is based on a critical analysis of these factors. The qualitative approach is used for data collection and analysis because it considers both the past and the present. The entire study process is guided by the theoretical concept of dialectic materialism. The findings and recommendations demonstrate that Igbos have experienced severe marginalization within Nigeria's political system ever since the civil war ended in 1970. This is the outcome of the racism and sense of pride in national identity of other important Nigerian groups. Examples of federal hiring practices for civil servants, public relations strategies, top federal agency and parastatal leadership structures, military intelligence operations, and decision-making processes are provided by the previously mentioned material. The results also demonstrate how despised they are by influential Igbo people in Nigerian government. Igbo political leaders in Nigeria have so far had trouble showcasing their exceptional charm and creativity. Among other things, the leaders of the Igbo people advise them to avoid dangerous intragroup rivalry and to stop making assumptions about one another based on differences in wealth and intelligence.
Keywords: Critical assessment, federalism, Igbo, political marginalization, South East
Corresponding Author:
Ikechukwu A. ODUM: Telephone Number: 08062991227
Email Address: dr.ogusunday@yahoo.com
Received: 15:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 4:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Ikechukwu A. ODUM
Abstract
The concept of God in Igbo Ontology is examined along the lines of the philosophical and metaphysical interpretations of God in Igbo world view. Ideally, traditional Igbo society recognizes and worships a multitude of spirits. Nevertheless, the Igbo recognize and acknowledge the existence of a Supreme or Ultimate being who superintends over the affairs of all mankind. The study adopts two principal methods of inquiry; hermeneutics which aids in revealing all the hidden backgrounds of all Igbo metaphysical, cosmological and eschatological assumptions; and meta-empirical which is a rational logical reasoning process in which Igbo world view is subjected to systematic philosophical scrutiny. The study concludes that with the attendant venture into Igbo ontology and man‟s role in philosophical interpretations, the Igbo can now compare favourably with the philosophies of various western thinkers like; Plato, Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas on the metaphysical place of God in human history. The paper recommends the establishment of the Department of African Philosophy distinct from the Department of Philosophy where the various ontological concepts of God in the African context will be studied.
Keywords; God, Igbo, ontology, hermeneutics, philosophy, knowledge
Corresponding Author
Anyim Benjamin ANYIM; Email: ben.anyim@yahoo.com
Received: 13:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 4:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Anyim Benjamin ANYIM
ABSTRACT
The study focused on the relationship between capital structure and firm value among selected manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Earlier studies found mixed results on the nature of the relationship between capital structure and firm value. This study utilized panel data collected from 26 sampled firms covering the period between 2016 and 2020. We estimated a Pooled Ordinary Least Square and Fixed Effect Model panel regression. Our result indicates that there is a negative relationship between firm value and capital structure among Nigerian firms. We therefore accept the hypothesis that capital structure is negatively related to firm value. We conclude that maintaining optimum levels of debt and equity is a relevant consideration to avoid the vagaries of the market towards the assessment of firms worth and investment potentials among the Nigerian manufacturing firms.
Keywords: interrelations, capital structure, firm value, variables, panel regression
Corresponding Author
Chinedu A. NWOSU: Telephone Number: +2348036221987
Email: chinedunwosu2002@gmail.com
Received: 7:7:2024; Revised: 21:9:2024; Accepted: 6:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Chinedu A. NWOSU
ABSTRACT
In the complex business terrain of Imo State, Nigeria, the sustainability of oil lubricant companies has become a critical imperative. The study looked at the effect of team creativity on the sustainability of oil lubricant companies in Imo state. Imo State's business environment is characterized by numerous challenges like regulatory complexities, environmental and concerns. The study also x-rayed the effect of leadership and organizational culture in fostering team creativity. The study was anchored on Resource-Based View (RBV), and Belbin’s Team Theory and that emphasized a significance of valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable resources and capabilities for competitive advantage. The study concluded that promoting team creativity can help oil lubricant companies overcome these challenges and thrive in a dynamic business environment. The findings highlight that team creativity plays a crucial role in enhancing customer experiences, driving innovation, problem-solving and addressing environmental and social responsibilities. Recommendations made by the researchers among others were to create cross-functional teams that bring together individuals with diverse skills and perspectives. These teams can collaboratively tackle complex challenges, adapt to changing circumstances, and develop innovative solutions; Oil lubricant companies should continuously examine training and development programmes in order to determine its efficacy in the learning outcomes of employees.
Keywords: Imo State, oil lubricant companies, team creativity, sustainability
Corresponding Author
Ogwuche Gabriel SHAIBU: Email: gabbyacademia123@gmail.com TEL: +2348065715075
Received: 25:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 4:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Ogwuche Gabriel SHAIBU
ABSTRACT
Insecurity in Nigeria has been a problematic issue that needs immediate solution to avert depopulation as many psychologically affected are moving out of the country to reside in alien countries for safety purpose. For this reason, Nigeria is drastically experiencing brain drain in medicine, education and other fields thereby equipping alien countries with the best brains who would have moved Nigeria to greater heights. The rate at which people are kidnapped, killed has become unbearable. With these ugly trends, Nigerians have thought it wise to take refuge in alien states and subsequently make a living in those countries. Therefore, the rate of migration is on a very high side. Not only that Nigerians are migrating to other countries, they are also moving to states in Nigeria where the tension is minimal or non-existent unlike their own states to seek refuge and as a result are referred to as internally displaced persons. The government left alone cannot wholly address the problem of insecurity, the religious bodies are as well need to make moves towards curbing this issue. The writers invented two approaches that would help the religious bodies to fight this incessant case of insecurity in Nigeria. These approaches are the regenerative approach which requires the religious bodies to instill the Word of God in these individuals that have bent in committing all sorts of crimes that have severed the peace in the country. The second approach which is the engagement approach expects the religious bodies to engage these individuals in meaningful means of livelihood that will make them forget their past lives because it is obvious that majority of those who indulge in kidnapping, terrorism, armed robbery, killing and militancy are the jobless youths who would have been better citizens if gainfully employed or engaged in lucrative businesses. It is recommended among others that the religious bodies should endeavour to intensify their preaching to save more souls that have gone astray. The government should live up to expectation through good governance. The historical method is employed to trace the origin of insecurity in Nigeria, while the psychological method is used to explain the psychological impact of insecurity on Nigerians
Keywords: Psychological, insecurity, exodus, alien, religious.
Corresponding Author
Atracta Adaeze NZEH: Telephone Number: 08064260591; Email: atraco_2006@yahoo.com
Received: 17:8:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 12:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Atracta Adaeze NZEH
ABSTRACT
The establishment of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) in 2003 has offered a boost to the fight against corruption in Nigeria. However, the efforts of EFCC have remained far-fetched as corruption continues unabated. Thus, it appears from a cursory look that the anti-graft agency is yet to reduce the scourge of corruption in the public sector. It is the intention of this research to examine the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the War against Corruption in Nigeria, 2003-2019. Against this backdrop, the grand inquiry is: Has the efforts of the EFCC led to a significant reduction of corruption in the political domain in Nigeria? The study reviewed extractive corruption theory and Marxist theory of postcolonial states as theoretical compass and relied on qualitative secondary sources of data. It used an ex-post facto research design, and the data collected were analysed using the qualitative descriptive method. The study found that efforts of the EFCC have not led to a significant reduction of corruption in political domains in Nigeria. It therefore recommends further reinforcing of EFCC along the lines of improved coordination and broadening the frontiers in the war against corruption, as well as pre- and post-public declaration of verifiable assets by political office holders before assumption of duty.
Keywords: Accountability, corruption, EFCC, management, transparency.
Corresponding Author
Cornel Chinedu U. UDUMAGA: Telephone Number: 07035214994
Email Address: uzudinmac@gmail.com
Received: 12:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 4:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Cornel Chinedu U. UDUMAGA
ABSTRACT
In spite of over two decades of Nigeria uninterrupted democratic experiments, the nation’s political process are still wobbling in uncertainties. It is in a state of comatose, Sinicism, political treachery, violence electoral manipulations and conflict, intolerance, blackmailing, hate speeches cession treats, and bickering, have become the order of the day. The much desired and expected transparency, fairness credible leadership, good governance and democratic consolidations have remained elusive. This means that the various political, ethnic, religious groups within the country have not be well integrated, hence the perforce of civic education. It is the belief of this paper that civic education could turn the table around if given adequate attention it deserve. The study thus examined the impact of civil education in fostering credible leadership to enhance good governance in Nigerian. The paper adopted the quantitative and descriptive design approach with heavy reliance on secondary sources of data. The paper applied the socio-psychological theory as framework of analysis and content analysis procedures to reveal that civic education has significant influence in the enthronement of credible leaders that enhances good governance in the country. There is however inadequate attention given to civic education which results in negativity in emergence of credible leadership and good governance in the country. The study therefore recommends the need to improve on the provision of effective civic education in order to enthrone credible leaders and good governance that will enhance economic growth and development of the country among others.
Keywords: Civic, education, credible, leadership, good governance
Corresponding Author
Sunday Ekere AKOR: Telephone Number: 07030936374
Email Address: akorekere@gmail.com:
Received: 15:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 4:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Sunday Ekere AKOR
ABSTRACT
The study establishes the links between Cuban Missile Crisis, Détente and increased deployment of negotiations in resolution of international crisis in the contemporary international system. Adopting qualitative methods of data collection and analysis, which relies on secondary sources such as scholarly texts, journal articles, working papers, official websites, and newspapers that were content-analyzed, the study hinged its theoretical anchorage on Realism. The study revealed that the Cuban Missile impasse exposed the myth of deployment of nuclear weapons capability to assume a superiority status and overwhelming dominance by either of the superpowers - the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and its aftermath, given the fact that its usage in conflict situation would result to mutual assured destruction (MAD). More so, as the two superpowers were pushed to the brink of a nuclear war, the tactful diplomatic approach with which they managed and resolved the crisis precipitated the détente and peaceful cooperation which became the hallmark and the new normal during and after the Cold War. Ultimately, the Cuban Missile crises portend some lessons and legacies that are beyond Detente: It establishes the fact that tactful cooperation, collaboration, rapprochement, strategic bilateral cum multilateral agreements such as Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, Nonproliferation Treaty, Antiballistic Missile Treaty, rather than recourse to hard power, could tame the destructive inclinations of both superpowers and other emerging nuclear powers.
Keywords: Cuban Missile Crisis, Détente, Negotiation, Resolution, International Crisis.
Corresponding Author
Johnson. O. NDUBUISI: Telephone Number: 08034621714
Email Address: ndujohson4ng@yahoo.com
Received: 12:7:2024; Revised: 28:9:2024; Accepted: 1:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Johnson. O. NDUBUISI
ABSTRACT
This study addressed the leadership styles of the Tarsus-born Jew Known as the Apostle Paul. The leadership styles of his were looked at as three eras were studied vis. the era of the early church which spans through the infant church in Jerusalem to the epistolary times of the apostle (i.e., AD 34-68). His leadership influence on the church in the Middle Ages which according to this study spanned from the immediate disciples of the Church Fathers to the 18th century, and the modern leadership trends which this researcher added given Paul‟s leadership dexterity and trait. To accomplish this, the author used the secondary data means to generate materials that aided him to access such materials which acquainted him with the facts with which this work was done. In all the segments of the study, the modern man, in strong terms, is advised to adopt the various models discussed in the course of the work as needs demand.
Keywords: Leadership styles, Pauline Corpus, model, eras, modern man
Corresponding Author
Chibuzo I. NWANGUMA: Telephone Number: +234808037211963:
Email Address: chibuzonwanguma@gmail.com
Received: 18:6:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 12:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Chibuzo I. NWANGUMA
ABSTRACT
This study examines the impact of social work interventions on child abuse in Egor Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria, focusing on community perceptions, effectiveness, and the challenges faced by social workers. Despite the critical role of social workers in preventing child abuse, neglect, and exploitation, these issues persist, affecting children’s mental and emotional well-being. Data were collected from 400 adults using a self-constructed questionnaire and analyzed through Ecological Systems Theory and Social Work Systems Theory. Findings show that social work interventions are generally viewed positively, with successful community engagement and increased awareness. However, challenges like logistical barriers; resource limitations, underfunding, and community resistance hinder effectiveness. Recommendations include boosting financial support, implementing community education programs, and expanding training to equip social workers for complex cases. Better communication and consistent information dissemination are essential for strengthening community support and understanding. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the sustainable implementation of child abuse intervention programs in Egor Local Government Area.
Keywords: Social work, interventions, child abuse, ecological system theory, Egor.
Corresponding Author
Helen Ehi. EWEKA: Email: helen.eweka@uniben.edu

Helen Ehi. EWEKA
ABSTRACT
The generation of employment opportunities through entrepreneurship which brings about economic growth and development cannot be overemphasized. Evidence showed that in 2008, the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) sector provided an average of 50 percent of Nigeria’s employment and 50 percent of industrial output. Currently, entrepreneurship development houses about 63 percent of the labour force indicating and increase, while about 35.7 percent of total sales and value added in the manufacturing sector comes from the entrepreneurship development which indicated a decrease. The contention remains if small and medium enterprises (SMEs) significantly enhanced economic growth. The objective of this study therefore is to assess the role of entrepreneurship development in promoting economic growth of Kano state. To achieve this, this study employed the chi-square method to analyze the primary data obtained through the administration of well-structured questionnaire. Our findings indicate that entrepreneurship development is in part responsible for the generation of employments opportunities and promoting economic growth in Kano state. Thus, the government and other stakeholders are advised to join hands together to add more effort in promoting the course of entrepreneurship development in the state as a way to combat the menace of unemployment in the country.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, unemployment, economic growth, population, labour force
Corresponding Author
Udi JOSHUA: ORCID – 0000-0002-7862-0547
Email: udi.joshua@fulokoja.edu.ng
Received: 27:7:2024; Revised: 20:9:2024; Accepted: 3:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Udi JOSHUA
ABSTRACT
Education throughout the ages of human society has been held to esteem as dependable mechanism of transformation of persons and society for healthy living. The atmosphere where education processes take place ought to be conducive for meaningful teaching and learning to be realistic. This poses challenge to relevant education change agents. Hence, this paper focused on teacher effective classroom management intended to realize quality education and sustainable development in developing nation with focus on Nigeria. The researcher adopted qualitative method of analysis which permitted collection of relevant data from secondary sources. The paper revealed among other impediments to teacher effective classroom management for quality education delivery and sustainable development thus: poor government funding of education, teachers’ intellectual incompetency, poor leadership style among teachers, and inadequate parental support of teachers in character molding of the students. It made some critical suggestions to aid teacher effective classroom management. The paper concluded that teacher effective classroom management requires collaborative and proactive efforts of Parents, teachers, school managers and Government, where Government plays the leadership role in providing adequate fund in particular for education.
Keywords: Teacher, classroom, management, education, sustainable development.
Corresponding Author
Charles Chidi EKEADA|: Telephone Number: 08064433070;
Email Address: ekeadacharles@gmail.com
Received: 16:7:2024; Revised: 25:9:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Charles Chidi EKEADA
Abstract
This study examines the impact of financial planning on procurement efficiency in selected organizations across multiple sectors, including manufacturing, healthcare, and the public sector. The research highlights the integration of budgeting, financial planning, and procurement strategies to optimize resource allocation, control costs, and enhance supplier relationships. Utilizing a quantitative research methodology, structured surveys and questionnaires were distributed to procurement professionals to gather insights into financial practices such as formal budgeting, the use of financial tools, and zero-based budgeting (ZBB). The findings reveal a strong correlation between financial planning and procurement efficiency, with zero-based budgeting (ZBB) playing a critical role in strategic procurement decision-making. Based on these findings, the study offers practical recommendations, including the adoption of ZBB to improve cost control, leveraging financial planning tools such as ERP systems for better procurement management, fostering cross-functional collaboration between finance and procurement teams, and regularly reviewing procurement budgets to adapt to market conditions. These recommendations aim to enhance procurement efficiency, cost savings, and resource utilization across both public and private sectors, contributing to long-term financial stability and improved procurement outcomes.
.Keywords: financial planning, procurement efficiency, zero-based budgeting, resource allocation, budgeting strategies
.
Corresponding Author
M.I. NMECHA: Email Address: michael.nmecha@futo.edu.ng
Received: 20:8:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 14:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

Chukwufurumnanya NTOSi
ABSTRACT
Exploring the urban heat islands (UHIs) in Owerri West, Nigeria, this study delves into the influence of impermeable surfaces like concrete and asphalt on local temperature dynamics. Temperature and wind speed data were gathered over five days at specific locations, including vegetables, raw soil, cement, and asphalt surfaces, at various times. The findings indicate a significant temperature increase on impervious surfaces, particularly noticeable during the late afternoon compared to other surface types. Utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA), this study explores the correlation between temperature and wind speed, uncovering important patterns and variations in the data. This research underscores the critical role of sustainable urban planning by advocating for the integration of green spaces and high-albedo materials to effectively counter the adverse effects of urban heat islands, aligning with broader environmental sustainability objectives. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of the UHI in developing countries and inform urban planning and environmental management practices.
Keywords: Urban heat island, impermeable surface, land surface temperature, sustainable urban planning, albedo, surface reflection.
Corresponding Author
M.I. Nmecha: Email Address: michael.nmecha@futo.edu.ng
Received: 26:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 10:12:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

M.I. Nmecha
ABSTRACT
This study examined the Nigeria security agencies on election duties, the political participation of the electorate and the challenges of democracy in Nigeria. The 2023 general election was particularly reassessed with special reference to Imo State Nigeria. Problems such as insecurity during electioneering activities and perceived nefarious connections and unholy practices by the security agencies with state and non - state agencies led to this study. The purpose of the study was to reexamine the role of security agencies in electoral participation in the 2023 general election and to determine the measures to enhancing the performances of security agencies towards effective electoral process in Nigeria and Imo-State in particular. The study employed descriptive design and documentary method of data collection which relied majorly on secondary sources of data. The findings revealed that the state of national security influenced electoral participation in 2023 general election in Imo-State. It therefore recommends among others that security agencies should be strengthen to perform their constitutional duties without being induced by candidates, political parties and government.
Keywords: Security agents, election duty, political participation, democracy, general election
Corresponding Author
Jude Onyekachi ONWUANIBE: Telephone Number: 08033285210
Email Address: onyekachi_jude@yahoo.com
Received: 26:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 7:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

Jude Onyekachi ONWUANIBE
ABSTRACT
This study finds expression on the impact of leadership, corruption and social – economic development on Nigerian political structure. The study focused on the critical issues that plagued Nigerian Socio economic development placing a critical focus on the leadership styles as a major parameter and factor to which every developmental height of a nation revolves. Like twins, leadership and corruption have become intertwined & institutionalized such that one can no longer go without the other and this has greatly affected the socio – economic development level of the nation. This paper examined the challenges confronting leadership in Nigeria and its consequential implications on the socio-economic development. The study adopted the qualitative research method of data collection and analysis. It is the prebandal theory that provided the theoretical and conceptual foundation of this study. Interrogating the previous scholarly attempts on leadership and corrupt practice with a view to draw some lessons that may be useful to the present problem, the study revealed that corruption which is always at the helm of affairs and bone marrows of politicians and political office holders is one of the major factors that causes a pseudo-leadership which in turn affects socio – economic development of the nation negatively. Based on the above, this study recommends amongst others that for leadership corruption to be addressed in Nigeria, the anti-corruption fight must be guided by legislative framework for transparent and accountable government. This will help to give the anti-graft agencies the constitutional and political will and commitment to fight corruption with a strategy that is systematic and transparent.
Keywords: Corruption, democracy, economy, development, leadership.
Corresponding Author:
Joy SUCCESS-IKPE: Email ADDRESS: jikpe2005@gmail.com Phone: 08030913186
Received: 26:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 10:12:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Joy SUCCESS-IKPE
ABSTRACT
The impending brain drain poses a significant threat to schools, organizations and agencies worldwide, with talented employees seeking greener pastures. This study investigates the crucial role of job motivation and satisfaction in retaining top talent. The study reveals that autonomy, growth opportunities and meaningful work are key drivers of motivation and satisfaction. There is also a significant correlation or relationship between high level of motivation and satisfaction and turnover intentions among employees. The work adopted Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of 1959 as the theory for the work. Quantitative method such as textbooks, journals, internet materials, and so on was adopted in the work. The findings of this study reveals that intrinsic motivation, job autonomy and opportunities for growth and development, career advancement opportunities, lack of challenges, poor leadership, limited career advancement opportunities, lack of challenges and poor leadership underscore the importance of prioritizing employee engagement and well-being and reduced turnover intentions. By implementing these, strategies that foster a supportive working environment, schools, organizations and agencies can unlock employee’s potentials and stem the tide of talent attrition and foster a sustainable workforce, by doing so, schools, agencies and organization can mitigate the impending brain drain, enhance productivity and secure or retain their competitive advantages.
Keywords: Job motivation, job satisfaction, impending brain drain, secondary education.
Corresponding Author
Ngozi C. OGBUEHI: Email Address: ngoziogbuehi2017@gmail.com
Telephone Number: 08063785937
Received: 18:6:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 12:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Ngozi C. OGBUEHI
ABSTRACT
The 2023 general elections in Nigeria and all the political shenanigans that followed cast aspersions on the political leadership of Nigeria as well as the independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). The results of the elections discredited in no small measure the leadership credibility of the electoral commission. Nigerians have never had such a rule with a shock at a wakeup in its history of elections in such as the one they had during the time when results of the 2023 general election were declared. The taste of true liberal democracy was washed away by the outcome of the 2023 general elections and this promoted a question on democracy by good spirited Nigerians. This paper is an investigatory analysis of problems of the political leadership pattern in Nigeria, the implication on socio-economic status till date, and the prospects of democratic consolidation, hinging on the lessons gathered from the 2023 general elections. The paper will also examine the elements of democracy and at the same time ascertain the parameters for successful institutionalization of democracy in Nigeria. The paper therefore concludes that upholding the sacredness of humanity is the condicio sine qua non for institutionalizing liberal democracy in any State, Nigeria, inclusive. The paper also recommends among other things that for Nigeria to be free from pseudo-leadership there must be reverential acknowledgement and promotion of the happiness of the greatest member of citizens by the political class as well as the constitution.
Keywords: Democratic consolidation, Socio-economic, General election and Nigeria.
Corresponding Author
Godfavour Olayemi BABATUNDE: Email Address: babatundegodfavour@gmail.com, Telephone Number: 07031631898
Received: 21:6:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 12:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Godfavour Olayemi BABATUNDE
ABSTRACT
This study looked into how the national minimum wage affected people through the development of industrial output in Nigeria. In order to achieve the study's objectives, the study implemented a Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) estimation technique, which was informed by a comprehensive review of both theoretical and empirical literature. The analysis utilized time series data on national minimum wage, industrial output, inflation rate, M2, and gross private domestic investment from 1981 to 2022. The findings from the estimated DOLS model revealed that the coefficient of the national minimum wage exhibited a negative correlation with industrial output in Nigeria during the reviewed period, at a 5 percent level of significance. Conversely, the inflation rate demonstrated a positive and significant impact on industrial output growth in Nigeria, whereas broad money supply showed a negative association with industrial output growth in Nigeria, also at a 5 percent level of significance. Among others, the study recommended that the government should lower industrial taxes, remove obstacles to business registration, boost private sector financing, and provide essential industrial inputs like electricity and energy to spur domestic private investment in Nigeria.
Keywords: Minimum wage, industrial output growth, money supply, inflation rate.
Corresponding Author
Justin. C. Alugbo: Email Address: jc.alugbuo@mouau.edu.ng
Received: 28:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 12:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Precious Chukwuma AKOBUNDU
ABSTRACT
Nigeria's democrats regrettably thrive on unnatural and the influence of party faithfulness rather than individual ingenuity. Party loyalists transform into mechanical slaves and prisoners of conscience, whose mouths are gagged, hands tied and brains controlled. The Nigeria National Assembly (NASS) has been exercising its legislative mandates, from the Colonial era, when it acted as an advisory body till in 1999, when the constitution, in chapter one, section four conferred full legislative mandate on it. Curious enough, the legislators have never presented bills proposing Steady Power Supply to NASS. It has been serially avoided as a sacrosanct area. What we have had are carefully constructive electricity bills, guided towards the sector's commercialization and privatization, which eventually end in their own management via their cronies. Europe, America, Asia, Middle East and even some African nations run steady electricity power supply directly managed by their federal governments. Given the understanding that stable electricity supply drives national development faster than many other infrastructures, this attitude has been largely the bane of Nigeria’s underdevelopment. This paper utilizes the theory of Selfishness or Psychological Egoism to deconstruct the legislators' ulterior motives behind the avoidance of proposing direct steady electricity power supply bills and preference for commercialization and privatization. It reveals that the legislators’ actions are to enable them overtake the electricity contracts themselves and make profits at the expense of the masses. It recommends the contracting of only qualified, tested and proven professionals and only 95% of green energies should be deployed.
Keywords: Sacrosantity, steady- electricity - supply, bill, NASS, underdevelopment
Corresponding Author
Chimaroke Chizoba NWAOHA: Telephone Number: +234-7035567526
Email Address: nwohachima@yahoo.com,
Received: 28:8:2024; Revised: 3:10:2024; Accepted: 13:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

Sylvester Enyioma OHAJANWA
ABSTRACT
Unemployment remains one of the most pressing socio- economic challenges in Nigeria particularly among the youths. Entrepreneurship is considered as an alternative way to tackle the challenges facing Nigeria presently, especially problem of poverty, hunger and high level of unemployment. This paper explores the integration of entrepreneurial skills into social studies education as a solution to the rising unemployment rates. This paper argues that teaching entrepreneurial skills within the framework of social studies can equip students with the necessary competencies to create employment opportunities for themselves and others. The paper discusses the methods of teaching entrepreneurial skills in social studies. The study was anchored on the theoretical framework of human capital theory and constructivist learning theory. The data for the study was sourced from secondary method in which secondary sources were majorly utilized. The analysis was contextually carried out. Findings revealed that there are inadequate trained teachers to teacher entrepreneurial skills in social studies education. The study recommends among other things that qualified entrepreneurship education teachers should be used during curriculum implementation to achieve its objectives. Entrepreneurship educators should utilize appropriate learner centered teaching skills, methods, internship and industrial attachment programs during curriculum implementation to improve entrepreneurship education achievement in social studies education.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, skills, unemployment, social studies, education
Corresponding Author
Getrude Chinyere ALEXIUS-UGWULEBO: Telephone: 07031334729; 08034879280
Email Adresses: trulex1010@gmail.com; awuchima4@gmail.com
Received: 20:8:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 14:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

Getrude Chinyere ALEXIUS-UGWULEBO
ABSTRACT
This study employed the bounds testing (ARDL) cointegration method to explore the relationship between youth unemployment and Nigeria's economic growth during the fourth republic, spanning from 1999 to 2021. The model also accounted for the effects of inflation, interest rates, and capital expenditure on this relationship. The bounds tests demonstrate the long-run binding of the variables of interest. Negative youth unemployment is significant in both the short and long run, implying that as youth unemployment falls, so does economic growth. These significant discoveries are consistent with Okun's Law (1969). When the variables deviate from their equilibrium values, they return to equilibrium at a 98 percent probability within a year. As a result, the research suggests that Nigerian governments concentrate on highly targeted methods of job creation in order to help Nigerian youth find work.
Keywords: Economic Growth; Time-Series; Neoclassical Nigeria; Youth Unemployment;
Corresponding Author
O. A. IHUGBA: Telephone Number: +2348036221987
Received: 26:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 10:12:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

O. A. IHUGBA
ABSTRACT
The troika de-linked from one of the sub-regional groupings responsible for growths and development. They cited sanctions on the part of the members of ECOWAS as the cause of the problem. They believed the three countries are well able to see to challenges of the people than when they were together. It is against this backdrop that this study made use of secondary source of data such as books, internet material and other documentary material. In the course of the study it was discovered all regional grouping has the same purpose which is development oriented driven. The troika are anti-development and anti-people in nature. The study is of the view that the involvement of others is a prerequisite for development.
Keywords: The troika, regional integration, development, developing, disintegrating
Corresponding Author
Douglas Chidi NDIDIGWE: Telephone Number: +2348037095486
Email Address: douglas.ndidigwe@fulokoja.edu.ng
Received: 26:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 10:12:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

Douglas Chidi NDIDIGWE
ABSTRACT
The integration of e-procurement systems has transformed procurement processes in both the public and private sectors, shifting from manual, paper-based methods to digital platforms. This research provides an in-depth exploration of the successes of e-procurement in the private sector and the lessons that can be applied to the public sector, with a focus on Imo State, Nigeria. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data to comprehensively assess the challenges, benefits, and stakeholder perspectives on e-procurement implementation. Key findings indicate that the private sector has achieved notable successes through e-procurement, including enhanced efficiency, cost savings, and data-driven decision making. However, the public sector faces challenges such as inadequate IT infrastructure, insufficient training, and resistance to change. The study highlights the need for phased implementation, strong leadership support, and continuous training to overcome these barriers. Additionally, the potential benefits of e-procurement in the public sector—such as improved transparency, efficiency, and cost savings—are emphasized, provided that infrastructural and organizational challenges are addressed.
Keywords: E-procurement, public procurement, private sector, IT infrastructure, efficiency, transparency, cost savings
Corresponding Author
Paschal U.I. Egwim: Email Address: p.egwim@gmail.com
Received: 28:7:2024; Revised: 7:10:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

Paschal U.I. Egwim
Abstract
Terrorism is one of the Major factors of political radicalism in African politics, and has assumed different dimensions that call for diplomatic solutions for its resolution. Its occurrence is wide spread across the six geo-political zones of Nigeria that has been tagged a “West African terrorist enclave" (Gen Idada, 2013). Generally, most scholars believed the insurgency of Terrorism in Nigeria to be political with Gunboat Diplomacy Approach (Cable, 1971) where military or perhaps militia strength is used for intimidation in order to achieve certain non-political objectives, but this paper develops Insurgency Diplomatic Approach (IDA) to explain that terrorism is an insurgent phenomenon designed for diplomatic and political Objectives, as such a factor as the fourth stage (PR4) of political radicalism. This research article creates disparity twixt the implication involved in the politically motivated violence and that of the terrorists violence engineered for political objective in Nigeria, and defined Terrorism as a factor of Political Radicalism from African context
Keywords: Terrorism, Islamic terrorism, religious violence, diplomacy, Niger Delta militancy
Corresponding Author
Christopher Obiukwu: Tel. +234833506563; Email Address: chrisobiukwu@yahoo.com
Received: 28:4:2024; Accepted: 4:5:2024; Published: 30:05:2024

Christopher OBIUKWU
ABSTRACT
This study offers a comprehensive exploration of the economic forces that drive the Nigerian stock market, covering the period from 1985 to 2022. Utilizing data from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin 2022, the research examines how macroeconomic factors shape stock market performance. The study was carried out by using the Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Model in conjunction with the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Test. According to the results of the bound test, macroeconomic factors have a substantial effect in the manner in which the Nigerian stock market is driven throughout the course of time. The most important data suggest that fluctuations in gross domestic product (GDP) and trade balance have a considerable and favorable influence on the capitalization of the stock market, both in the short run and in the long run. In addition, real interest rates and inflation rates both have a positive and considerable effect on the capitalization of the stock market in the near run. On the other hand, the exchange rate, despite its statistical significance, has a detrimental effect on the capitalization of the stock market in the near term. The research comes to the conclusion that the Nigerian stock market is driven by macroeconomic issues, which are quite important. Among the recommendations, it is suggested that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should consider a carefully calibrated increase in real interest rates to sustain the positive effects on stock market capitalization. This approach should balance inflation control with the goal of maintaining an attractive investment environment, thereby ensuring the financial stability of Nigeria’s economy.
Keywords: Exchange rate, real interest rate, inflation rate, trade balance, stock market capitalisation
Corresponding Author
Christian Gbarawae NWIKINA Email: cgnwikina@gmail.com, powerfulrugged@yahoo.com
Received: 13:8:2024; Revised: 3:10:2024; Accepted: 15:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

Nneka Uchenna NWANKWO
ABSTRACT
Urban flooding poses significant risks to both the environment and public health, particularly in regions with inadequate infrastructure and poor sanitary conditions. In 2023, the floods in Oguta, Imo State, Nigeria, led to a marked increase in the prevalence of vector- and waterborne diseases, including cholera, typhoid fever, and malaria. This study employs Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyse the environmental and health impacts of the 2023 floods, assess progress by 2025, and propose strategies for mitigating future risks. Data was gathered from environmental assessments and health records, comparing disease prevalence across 2023 and 2025. Key environmental factors contributing to flood risk included rainfall intensity, proximity to rivers, drainage density, and land use. GIS analysis revealed that regions near rivers and with poor drainage systems were the most flood-prone, while built-up areas and water bodies showed the highest susceptibility to flooding. Improvements in sanitation and water quality by 2025 resulted in a reduction in waterborne diseases, although malaria cases persisted, underscoring the need for enhanced vector control measures. Sustainable procurement practices, such as the use of permeable pavements and green roofs, demonstrated effectiveness in reducing surface runoff and enhancing infrastructure resilience. The study highlights the importance of integrating sustainable procurement into flood risk management and recommends comprehensive measures including improved sanitation, vector control programs, infrastructure upgrades, and efficient land use planning. These actions, supported by GIS-based mapping and risk assessment, will contribute to a more resilient urban environment in Oguta.
Keywords: GIS, Flood Risk Management, Sustainable Procurement, Urban Flooding, Public Health, Vector-Borne Diseases.
Corresponding Author
M. I. NMECHA: Tel: +2348037195256
Email Address: michael.nmecha@futo.edu.ng
Received: 28:9:2024; Revised: 15:10:2024; Accepted: 20:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

M. I. NMECHA
ABSTRACT
This article anchored around a critical assessment of the major divisions of political science in theory and practice as well as the best way forward for political science. The main objective is to correct some misconceptions by members of the academia and non-scholars in political science as well as putting forward recommendations that will make the theory and practice of political science to be more results- oriented for scholars, government officials and the populace. The qualitative method employing historical and content analysis of books, journals and other relevant documents etc, was used in the data gathering and analysis process. Findings from critical assessment of relevant data demonstrated that, political science as an important branch of learning has three (3) key and unique divisions, namely; politics/government, public Administration and international relations. Additional findings proved that, the contributions of political science to knowledge have been more theoretical than empirical. Therefore, it is recommended that, political science can only impact positively on governments and the society in general if politicians, leaders, bureaucrats, students, teachers and other members of the academia are exposed to practical and field experiences in private and public organizations during the teaching and learning process as well as before occupying public offices.
Key Words: Political Science, Government, Politics, Public Administration, International Relations.
Corresponding Author
Eugene Obiefule IFEANYICHUKWU: Tel: +2348065184357, +2349070214729
Email Address: ifeanyichukwueugene5@gmail.com
Received: 28:9:2024; Revised: 5:10:2024; Accepted: 10:22:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

Eugene Obiefule IFEANYICHUKWU
ABSTRACT
Religion as a phenomenon has been inseparable from the issues of social justice, human rights and sustainable development all through the ages. This owes to the fact that man is by nature a homo-religiosus (religious man). In both ancient and modern societies, no clear distinctions were drawn between the sacred and the profane, the supernatural and the natural; all are seen from the same periscope of reality. Thus, human activities were analyzed from the prism of religious considerations. To this end, this paper explored through the literary and historical methods, the intertwined and interrelated religious roots of the concepts of social justice, human rights and sustainable developments in fostering social acceleration and development. Comparatively, this research exegetically appraised the social ideals and hermeneutical provisions of major religions in Nigeria such as Christianity, Islam and African (Igbo) traditional religion. Furthermore, this paper underscores that religious perspectives provided the philosophical foundations for human societies and must not be jettisoned on the altar of alluring secularism, which is currently resurging in the present Nigeria society. Hence, the enthronement of social justice, human rights and acceleration of sustainable development could only be possible if the society re-imbibe positive religious ideals that drive social progress and harmony which are contained in the scriptures and traditions of various world religions.
Keywords: Social justice, human rights, sustainable development, homo-religious, secularism
Corresponding Author
Festus Chukwunyere OPARA: Telephone Number 0803819082
Email Address: oprahfestus@gmail.com
Received: 20:8:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 14:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

Festus Chukwunyere OPARA
ABSTRACT
Researches are replete with reports of alterations in the average weather conditions in Lagos state. These alterations have been prevalent for an extended period of time. This study examined the corollaries of climate change in the study area. The twenty local government areas in Lagos state were taken into cognizance in this study. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The rainfall intensity and population density data were sourced from secondary data sources while the shape files of the water bodies and the base map for the LGA’s administrative boundaries were sourced from the National Centre for Remote Sensing, Jos and Ministry of Lands and Survey respectively. These served as a basis to generate other points, lines, polygons and pixel-based data used in the study in Arc GIS 10.8.2. The results showed the spatial distributions of the flood frequency per annum for the local government areas of the study. Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland, Agege, Ifako-Ijaiye, Oshodi-Isolo and Ikeja had 3 - 8, Alimosho, Amuwo-Odofin, Epe, Ibeju/Lekki, Ikorodu, Badagry, Mushin, Ojo, Somolu, Surulere and Eti-Osa had 9 – 17 while Kosofe, Ajeromi-Ifelodun and Apapa had 18 – 23 in the study area. This study therefore recommends a sustainable city planning mechanism for the mitigation of climate change in the area.
Keywords: Climate change, flooding, flood frequency, mechanism, study area.
Corresponding Author
T. A. Agiriga: Email Address: mezirimacho@gmail.com
Received: 29:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

T. A. AGIRIGA
ABSTRACT
This paper examined traditional physical classroom setting as the fulcrum on which the wheel of studies rotate. It sees Social Studies as a course of study that requires auditory and audio-visual materials to achieve the goal of online education in a post covid-19 era The paper discusses the emergency of Covid-19 as an impediment to the normal classroom setting and a shift from the old system of learning to a new order which education practitioners must adopt if education must maintain its pride in a post covid-19 era. It also sees online teaching and learning as the only way out during and after Covid-19. The paper highlights the constraints of online studies in Nigeria which if not properly addressed may hamper the efforts of the education industry towards achieving the goals of online studies in Nigeria. Conclusions were made and the researchers made some useful recommendations that will promote online studiesin a post covid- 19 era.
Keywords: Traditional, Physical classroom, Covid-19, Virtual learning.
Corresponding Author
Bethel C. UZOAGBA: Email Address: uzoagbabc23@gmail.com
Received: 28:8:2024; Revised: 5:10:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

Bethel C. UZOAGBA
ABSTRACT
Political science as a key social science discipline consists of several basic and controversial concepts that require deeper understanding and better interpretation. This work therefore centred around a critical and constructive examination of the fundamental and key concepts in political science. The qualitative method using historical and content analysis of books, articles, documents and other relevant materials was employed in the data gathering and analysis process. The results from critical assessment of relevant data showed that, political science and its basic concepts have over the years been wrongly defined, interpreted and applied by both scholars and statesmen and all these have been negatively affecting societal development as well as worsening the socio-economic and political problems within states. It was henceforth recommended that, scholars and statesmen should contribute more positively toward societal development by having a united and collaborative stand in the definition and interpretation of these fundamental concepts in political science as well as in their proper application during the policy formation, formulation, implementation and monitoring processes.
Keywords: Political science, politics, government, public administration, international relations.
Corresponding Author
Eugene Obiefule IFEANYICHUKWU: Telephone Number: +2348065184357
Email Address: ifeanyichukwueugene5@gmail.com
Received: 29:7:2024; Revised: 22:9:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Eugene Obiefule IFEANYICHUKWU
ABSTRACT
This paper examined traditional physical classroom setting as the fulcrum on which the wheel of studies rotate. It sees Social Studies as a course of study that requires auditory and audio-visual materials to achieve the goal of online education in a post covid-19 era The paper discusses the emergency of Covid-19 as an impediment to the normal classroom setting and a shift from the old system of learning to a new order which education practitioners must adopt if education must maintain its pride in a post covid-19 era. It also sees online teaching and learning as the only way out during and after Covid-19. The paper highlights the constraints of online studies in Nigeria which if not properly addressed may hamper the efforts of the education industry towards achieving the goals of online studies in Nigeria. Conclusions were made and the researchers made some useful recommendations that will promote online studiesin a post covid- 19 era.
Keywords: Traditional, Physical classroom, Covid-19, Virtual learning.
Corresponding Author
Bethel C. UZOAGBA: Email Address: uzoagbabc23@gmail.com
Received: 28:8:2024; Revised: 5:10:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

Bethel C. UZOAGBA
ABSTRACT
Political science as a key social science discipline consists of several basic and controversial concepts that require deeper understanding and better interpretation. This work therefore centred around a critical and constructive examination of the fundamental and key concepts in political science. The qualitative method using historical and content analysis of books, articles, documents and other relevant materials was employed in the data gathering and analysis process. The results from critical assessment of relevant data showed that, political science and its basic concepts have over the years been wrongly defined, interpreted and applied by both scholars and statesmen and all these have been negatively affecting societal development as well as worsening the socio-economic and political problems within states. It was henceforth recommended that, scholars and statesmen should contribute more positively toward societal development by having a united and collaborative stand in the definition and interpretation of these fundamental concepts in political science as well as in their proper application during the policy formation, formulation, implementation and monitoring processes.
Keywords: Political science, politics, government, public administration, international relations.
Corresponding Author
Eugene Obiefule IFEANYICHUKWU: Telephone Number: +2348065184357
Email Address: ifeanyichukwueugene5@gmail.com
Received: 29:7:2024; Revised: 22:9:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Eugene Obiefule IFEANYICHUKWU
ABSTRACT
The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the landscape of education and library services. This paper explores the opportunities, challenges, and future directions for libraries in the AI era, with a focus on education development. The paper argues that AI-powered library services have the potential to enhance information discovery, personalize learning, and improve student outcomes. However, it also raises important questions about ethical considerations, equity, privacy, and the role of human librarians in AI-driven environments. The paper also addresses concerns around bias, privacy, and the digital divide, emphasizing the need for inclusive and ethical AI design. It outlines the future directions for libraries in education development, including the integration of emerging technologies like natural language processing and computer vision. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration, professional development, and continuous innovation to ensure that libraries remain relevant and effective in the AI era. Ultimately, this paper aims to spark a critical and forward-thinking conversation about the role of libraries in education development, and the ways in which AI can be harnessed to enhance learning, teaching, and research. By exploring the opportunities, challenges, and future directions for libraries in the AI era, this paper seeks to inspire librarians, educators, and policymakers to work together towards a more inclusive, effective, and sustainable education ecosystem.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, libraries, information discovery, personalized learning, ethical considerations, future directions.
Corresponding Author
Uchenna E. UBOCHI: Telephone 08064188371: Email Address: elvisamss@yahoo.com
Received: 29:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Uchenna Elvis UBOCHI
ABSTRACT
This study investigates human capacity utilization and its influence on the performance of microfinance banks in Imo State. Two research questions were raised in line with the two specific objectives to be achieved, while two hypotheses were tested. The population of the study was drawn from thirty six (36) microfinance banks with twelve (12) each purposely selected from microfinance banks that have no less than five (5) years operational existence /experience from the three senatorial zones of Imo State. The staff grouping was composed of managers, administrative workers, and technicians. The sample size was 108 respondents on an average of three (3) persons from a microfinance bank gotten from the field using the simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection in the study was a structured questionnaire titled: Human Capacity Utilization and its Influence on the Performance of Microfinance Banks Questionnaire (HCUPMBQ). The hypothesis was tested at 0.5 level of significance. Linear Regression Analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The Simple Random Sampling technique was used to administer the questionnaire on a 5- option Likert Scale to collect data, while Multiple Regression was used to test the hypotheses. The authors‟ findings showed that, from hypothesis one and two, alternate hypothesis was accepted which stated that there was significant effect of knowledge accessibility on organizational efficiency, and that, there was significant influence of workforce optimization on organizational profitability. The study recommended among others that the need to remain afloat and relevant for the purpose of doing business requires strong capacity development support and knowledge of innovative ideas just like the new generational banks.
Keywords: Human capacity, knowledge accessibility, organizational performance, utilization, workforce optimization.
Corresponding Author
Christian O. NJOKU: Telephone: 08065355109: Email Address: njokuchris34@yahoo.com
Received: 29:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Christian O. NJOKU
ABSTRACT
The study explored the influence of fiscal policy on Unemployment in Nigeria from 1990 to 2022, drawing data primarily from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI). Unemployment was examined in conjunction with critical fiscal policy indicators, i.e. public capital expenditure, public recurrent expenditure, tax revenue, and non-tax revenue. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Unit Root test was implemented to guarantee the data's reliability, which demonstrated a variable integration order that was inconsistent. As a result, the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach was implemented to investigate the long-term relationships. The ARDL bounds test upshots verified a long-term correlation between unemployment and fiscal policy. The model demonstrated that public capital expenditure and non-tax revenue substantially reduced unemployment, while public recurrent expenditure had a positive and significant impact on unemployment. Alternatively, tax revenue had a negative and insignificant impact on unemployment. The research determined that Nigeria's unemployment is significantly influenced by fiscal policy. It is highly recommended that the Federal Ministry of Finance and National Planning prioritise capital allocations in the national budget, with a particular emphasis on high-productivity sectors like agriculture, technology, and infrastructure. This strategic focus has the potential to mitigate inflationary pressures and promote sustainable economic growth in the long term.
Keywords: Public capital expenditure, public recurrent expenditure, tax revenue, non-tax revenue, unemployment.
JEL Classification Code: E52, H54
Corresponding Author
Christian Gbarawae NWIKINA: Telephone Number: 08038669287.
Email Addresses: cgnwikina@gmail.com, powerfulrugged@yahoo.com
Received: 22:9:2024; Revised: 12:10:2024; Accepted: 24:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

Christian Gbarawae NWIKINA
ABSTRACT
The quasi-experimental was adopted in carrying out the investigation. Population of the study is 11,096 SSS II students. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 54 students for the study. Instrument for data collection was a rating scale. The reliability of the instrument was established with a reliability index of 0.75 obtained. The findings revealed that: Students exposed to multi-modal counselling therapy recorded higher mean score than the student in the control group. This shows a reduction in social isolation behaviour of students exposed to the treatment than those in the control group. Hence, the group exposed to multi-model counselling benefited more from the therapy than those in the control group. This shows a reduction in social isolation. The male students exposed to multi-modal counselling therapy showed a high mean score than the female students. Though the effect of the treatments were higher on the male respondents than the female respondents which however indicated that multi-modal counselling is effective in the treatment of social isolation; etc. Therefore it was recommended that: Since the use of multi-modal counselling has been shown to have positive impact on socially isolated students, it should be encouraged by school authorities; Schools across the country should use multi-modal counselling therapy on student who exhibit social isolation behaviour.
Keywords: Guidance, counselling therapy, social isolation, behaviour.
Corresponding Author
Eunice Chioma UGWUADU: Telephone Number: +2348036631656.
Email: euniceugwuadu@yahoo.com

Eunice Chioma UGWUADU
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The Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS) upholds the highest standards of publication ethics. All submissions are subject to double-blind peer review, with strict policies on authorship, originality, plagiarism, data integrity, and conflict of interest disclosures. Research involving human or animal subjects requires ethical clearance and informed consent. The journal adheres to COPE guidelines, ensuring fairness, transparency, and accountability in editorial decisions and peer reviews. AJSS supports open access publishing under Creative Commons licensing. Corrections, retractions, or ethical concerns are addressed promptly to maintain scholarly integrity and foster a trustworthy academic environment.

AJSS Ethics Statement
The Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS) employs a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure objectivity and academic excellence. Each manuscript is reviewed by at least two independent experts selected based on subject relevance and ethical neutrality. Evaluation criteria include originality, relevance, methodological rigor, and clarity. Confidentiality is strictly maintained, and all reviewers must declare conflicts of interest. Authors may appeal decisions through formal channels. AJSS adheres to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines, ensuring fairness, accountability, and transparency throughout the review process to uphold the integrity of scholarly publishing.

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Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS) | Peer-Reviewed Journal in Nigeria

ANALYSIS OF AIR QUALITY IN DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES HOTSPOTS IN RELATION TO VEHICULAR EMISSION IN YOLA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

Umar et al. (2026)

Authors:
Hashimu Umar¹, Danasabe Lawan Maikudi², Rabiu Bala Hashidu³, Emmanuel Daniel Sini⁴

Affiliations:
1. Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Nigeria
2. Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
3. Federal University, Kashere, Nigeria
4. Adamawa College of Agriculture, Science and Technology

Journal: Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS)
ISSN: 1595-5842 | E-ISSN: 3043-5463
Volume: 3 | Issue: 1 | Year: 2026
Pages: 1–13

Abstract

The study analysed air quality in Yola Metropolis in relation to vehicular emission. The study combined air quality monitoring and Air Quality Index (AQI) assessments to analyze data on key vehicular pollutants...

Keywords

Air quality, vehicular emission, air pollution, health risk, Yola metropolis

Corresponding Author

Hashimu Umar
Email: hashim.umar@mautech.edu.ng
Phone: +2348032848753

Received: 23/12/2025
Revised: 27/02/2026
Accepted: 11/03/2026
Published: 28/03/2026

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ANALYSIS OF AIR QUALITY IN DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES HOTSPOTS IN RELATION TO VEHICULAR EMISSION IN YOLA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

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