Quarterly publication | Double-blind review | Open access

Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS)

ISSN: 1595-5842 | E-ISSN: 3043-5463 | DOI via Zenodo | Google Indexed

A scholarly platform for interdisciplinary research in governance, procurement, sustainability, education, development studies, environmental management, logistics, and the wider social sciences.

Submit Manuscript Explore Current Issue

64+ Published articles

Quarterly Publication frequency

Indexed Google scholarly visibility

DOI Zenodo citation support

Editorial Integrity

Manuscripts pass through editorial screening, similarity checks, and peer-review evaluation before publication. This keeps the journal focused on originality, clarity, citation quality, and academic contribution.

Selected Articles

Volume 3, Issue 1 (2026)

View full publication archive

Research Article

Transparency and Accountability in Public Procurement

N. O. Chibundu, B. U. Dike, U. Chris-Ejiogu

Pages 14-23 Read Article

Research Article

Urban Mass Transit and Socio-Economic Development in Abuja

Mohammed G. Yusuf et al.

Pages 35-49 Read Article

Research Article

Library-Led Open Access Publishing and Scholarly Communication

Essor Gospel Chisa, Mercy Douglas

Pages 186-193 Read Article

Editorial Leadership

AJSS is guided by scholars and researchers committed to rigorous peer review, ethical publication practice, and credible social science communication.

View Editorial Board

Prof. Ngozi Casmir Ebomuche

Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Ambrose O. Abaneme

Editor

AJSS

Editorial Board

Guide

Publication Ethics

AJSS maintains strict publication ethics, double-blind peer review, originality checks, conflict-of-interest disclosure, and responsible scholarly publishing standards.

Author Guide

Authors should prepare manuscripts according to AJSS formatting, citation, originality, abstract, keywords, and submission requirements.

Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS) Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS) | Peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal

Empowering knowledge

Explore social science insights

Publications Phase 4

Explore our fourth edition publications

No matter the task, we’re dedicated to finding solutions that work for our clients and help them attain results.

ABSTRACT
This study assessed the determinants of compulsory land acquisition and compensation practices in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. Twelve Estate Surveyors and Valuers (ESVs), representing claimants in acquisition processes, were purposively sampled to provide professional insights into the effectiveness and challenges of current practices. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed with descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including correlation and factor analysis. The demographic profile of respondents indicated a highly experienced group, with 66.7% possessing 6–10 years of professional practice and 83.3% holding the Associate membership of the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (ANIVS). The correlation matrix revealed mostly weak associations among variables; however, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of 0.645 and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (χ² = 741.94, p < 0.001) confirmed the adequacy of the sample for factor analysis. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extracted three major components with eigenvalues greater than one, jointly explaining 57.99% of the total variance. These components reflected procedural efficiency, claimant experience and dispute management, and compensation practices. Performance ratings highlighted significant shortcomings: timeliness of compensation (mean = 2.85) and overall acquisition practices (mean = 2.97) were rated low, while procedural compliance such as issuing notices (mean =3.21) and conducting enumerations (mean = 3.11) achieved only moderate ratings. The rotated component matrix further underscored the interdependence of procedural transparency, claimant satisfaction, and dispute management. The findings indicate that delays in compensation, weak procedural compliance, and poor dispute resolution are key drivers of dissatisfaction with land acquisition practices. The study recommends prompt and transparent compensation payments, stronger procedural compliance through proper documentation and communication, and the establishment of effective dispute resolution mechanisms to enhance fairness, efficiency, and legitimacy in land acquisition processes.
Keywords: Land acquisition, compensation practices, urban centers, Ede, Nigeria

BAMIDELE OLUBUNMI AJIBOYE
ABSTRACT This study examines the influence of financial inclusion strategies of membership, savings mobilization, and loan portfolio quality on the sustainability of Credit Unions captured through asset quality within the Bamenda chapter of Cameroon. Using a quantitative longitudinal panel design, secondary data from 40 credit unions spanning 2021 to 2023 were analyzed through robust fixed effects regression models with year fixed effects to account for unobserved heterogeneity and temporal shocks. The findings reveal that savings mobilization has a significant positive impact on asset quality, with a coefficient of 0.70 (p < 0.001), indicating that a unit increase in logged savings mobilization is associated with a 0.70-unit increase in asset quality. Membership exhibits a marginally significant effect, with a coefficient of 0.00008 (p = 0.053), suggesting that growth in membership positively influences asset quality, albeit modestly. Loan portfolio quality also strongly correlates with higher asset quality, with a coefficient of 0.30 (p = 0.002). The model explains 68% of the within- credit unions variation in asset quality (R² = 0.68). The Hausman test (χ² = 5.78, p = 0.123) indicates that a fixed effects model is appropriate, and stationarity tests confirmed that asset quality, savings mobilization, and loan portfolio variables are stationary, supporting the validity of the analysis. The study recommends prioritizing savings mobilization, enhancing credit risk management, and cautious membership expansion. Overall, strategic focus on these areas can promote financial stability and long-term sustainability. Keywords: Asset quality, credit unions, financial sustainability, loan portfolio quality, membership, savings mobilization

FUEIN VERA
ABSTRACT The Guinea Savanna region of Nigeria is a biodiverse transition zone between Nigeria’s tropical rainforests and the sahelian savannas. This ecological zone plays a critical role in supporting ecological balance and human livelihoods. The increase in population, agricultural expansion and other anthropogenic interferences has caused unprecedented levels of land cover changes and habitat fragmentation and consequent habitat degradation. The objective of this study focused on land use/land cover dynamics and the pattern of habitat fragmentation in the southern guinea savanna region of Kogi State from 1986 to 2023. Fragmentation assessment was performed based on the geospatial analysis of Land use and Land cover (LULC) analysis using Multispectral Landsat aerial imageries of 1986, 2001 and 2023 as datasets. The Spatial Metric was performed with the use of Landscape Fragmentation Tool (LFT) software. The results revealed that grassland/agricultural land and settlement constituted most extensive LULC in the study area and increased by 736.9% and 182.3% respectively between 1986 and 2023. On the other hand, forest cover reduced drastically by 64.9% between 1986 and 2023, indicating high rate of deforestation and habitat degradation. Fragmentation analysis showed increase in the number of patches, indicating that the vegetation cover has undergone significant fragmentation over the years. Therefore, this study recommends an urgent need for vegetation conservation measures and sustainable landuse planning which includes control of deforestation, promoting reforestation efforts, and improving landscape connectivity by establishing ecological corridors. Keywords: Habitat fragmentation, biodiversity, savanna, GIS, landscape fragmentation tool (LFT), LULC.

OLUFAYOKEMI RASHEEDAT OYESANMI
ABSTRACT This study explores forest change in the Okwangwo Division of Cross River National Park, Nigeria, by combining satellite based vegetation analysis with insights from indigenous communities. Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from 2000 to 2022, we focused on vegetation health trends, especially between 2020 and 2024, with earlier years included when recent data was not available. The NDVI showed an unstable pattern with a significant decline between 2008 and 2014, slight recovery, and then another drop in 2022, indicating stress in forest cover. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) data, used to support carbon estimation, revealed similar declines particularly in 2016 and 2017, suggesting reduced forest productivity. To better understand environmental stressors, we analyzed Land Surface Temperature (LST), ERA5 air temperature, and CHIRPS rainfall data. Results showed a steady increase in both surface and air temperatures, with the hottest values recorded between 2020 and 2024. At the same time, rainfall steadily declined from 2014 to 2022, worsening moisture stress. This combination of heat and reduced rainfall points to climate pressure as a major factor in declining forest health. These satellite-based observations were supported by knowledge shared by indigenous community members who reported hotter dry seasons, irregular rainfall, and visible thinning of forest canopy over time. Their lived experiences added context to the data and helped confirm trends observed from space. By blending indigenous knowledge with remote sensing, this study offers a clearer picture of how climate variability is affecting protected tropical forests and highlights the value of local perspectives in guiding conservation efforts in places like Okwangwo. Keywords: Forest change, indigenous knowledge, remote sensing, climate stress, ecosystem monitoring

NNACHI IKWUO NNACHI
ABSTRACT Desertification in Dambatta Local Government Area (LGA), Kano State, Nigeria, threatens environmental sustainability and rural livelihoods due to a combination of climatic variability and human-induced factors such as deforestation and overgrazing. This study evaluates the effectiveness of community-led reforestation initiatives and the potential of off-farm activities as strategies to mitigate desertification and enhance socio-economic resilience. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates reconnaissance surveys, community questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and geospatial analysis across four communities: FayamFayam, Dukewa, Zago, and Gwanda. Findings reveal moderate to severe desertification, with limited effectiveness of reforestation efforts due to inadequate funding, low community participation, and technical constraints. Off-farm activities, including craftsmanship, small-scale trading, and agro-processing, show significant potential for income diversification but face barriers such as lack of training, market access, and financial resources. An integrated strategy combining enhanced reforestation with off-farm livelihood development, supported by targeted policies and capacity-building, is proposed to address desertification and foster sustainable development. These findings contribute to the discourse on sustainable land management and livelihood diversification in arid regions, offering actionable recommendations for policymakers, local authorities, and community stakeholders. Keywords: Desertification, community-led reforestation, off-farm activities, sustainable livelihoods, Dambatta, ecosystem restoration

PANKYES BULUS FWANG’AR
ABSTRACT
This study examines the epidemiology of waterborne diseases, related risk determinants, and control limitations among sampled semi-urban areas within Southwest Nigeria. A crosssectional mixed-methods research protocol asserted. Data were captured among 450 households through the help of structured questionnaires, water quality analysis (for E. coli, turbidity, pH, residual chlorine, and TDS), and analysis of the records from the health facilities. Furthermore, institutional and community-level control strategies were examined through 18 key informant interviews. Data were descriptively illustrated using descriptive stats, chi-square tests, and multivariable regression analysis, and qualitative interviews through thematic analysis. Over half the households (52.8%) experienced at least one episode of waterborne diseases within the last three preceding months, with the most common ones being diarrhea (34.7%) and typhoid (22.8%). Laboratory analysis indicated that 67% of the water sources exceeded WHO thresholds on E. coli levels and 72% provided suboptimal residual chlorine concentration. Multivariable regression analysis highlighted the utilization of the protected water places (AOR = 2.84, p = 0.001) and the lack of the householder's toilets (AOR = 2.21, p = 0.002) and poor hand washing (AOR = 1.87, p = 0.015) to significantly predict the occurrence of the diseases. Most prominent limitations to control included substandard infrastructure, the lack of effective policy enforcement on sanitation and limited information on the proper drills on the ostensible hygiene. Controls need to place emphasis on the improved infrastructure on watersides, effective policies on sanitation enforcement and the provision on low-cost household interventions on the treatable waters. Keywords: waterborne diseases, prevalence, WASH, semi-urban communities, Southwest Nigeria, public health

Z. A. ALIU
ABSTRACT The study examined the effectiveness of environmental protection policies on waste management in Oyo State and found that despite existing frameworks, challenges such as poor infrastructure, weak enforcement, and low public awareness persist. The study adopted Polluter Pays Principle (PPP). Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, data were collected from 191 respondents across government ministries, recycling agencies, health professionals, environmentalists, and residents, with 188 valid responses analyzed through SPSS. The findings from the study in Oyo State revealed that a significant majority (89.3%) of respondents agreed that the policies consider the specific needs of different communities with participatory approaches playing a crucial role in enhancing decision-making. Additionally, 79% of respondents recognized that the policies have contributed to a reduction in the overall amount of waste generated in the state. 83% of respondents noted an improvement in cleanliness and overall environmental conditions, partially attributed to the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP), which has helped improve household and community cleanliness. The study recommended that. The Oyo State should expand and maintain waste management infrastructure by repairing and increasing the fleet of waste collection trucks and collaborating with local governments to maximize existing infrastructure, overseen by the Oyo State Rural Supply and Sanitation Agency. Keywords: Environmental protection, Oyo, policies, sustainable, waste

AMIN AMIN
ABSTRACT
The study examined the Response Priority Index of constraints associated with sorghumlegume based cropping systems in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Multistage and purposive sampling techniques were adopted to sampled 385 respondents and the data obtained were analyzed using Response priority index (RPI). The result revealed that in sole sorghum cropping system most constraints was land fragmentation with the RPI value of 4.48 which was ranked first, high cost of farm inputs and insecurity due to herdsmen were ranked second with RPI of 4.46, inadequate capital and high cost of labour had RPI of 4.43 which were ranked fourth and price fluctuation was ranked sixth with RPI of 4.38. In sorghum/cowpea/ cropping system, high cost of labour with the RPI value of 4.41 which was ranked first which was the most constraint followed by inadequate capital which was ranked second with RPI of 4.37, high cost of farm inputs had RPI of 4.36 which was ranked third, climatic factors and price fluctuation had RPI of 4.19 were ranked fourth, insecurity due to herdsmen was ranked sixth with RPI of 4.17. Further still, revealed that in sorghum/ cowpea/ groundnut cropping system, the most constraints was high cost of farm inputs with the RPI value of 4.48 which was ranked first followed by high cost of labour which was ranked second with RPI of 4.44, low productivity had RPI of 4.26 which was ranked third, land fragmentation and price fluctuation had RPI of 4.22 were ranked fourth and climatic factors was ranked sixth with RPI of 4.18. The study recommend that governmental and non-governmental agencies should encourage farmers through providing inputs to farmers at subsidized prices and assure minimum guarantee price for their produce since sorghum-legume based cropping systems to boost the production of sorghum and government should assist farmers in addressing other major problems associated sorghum (Sorghum spp)-legume based cropping systems in the study area particularly the issue of land fragmentation and insecurity. Keywords: Response Priority Index, Constraints, Sorghum, Legume and Cropping Systems

USMAN AHMED
ABSTRACT
Land use alteration occurs when a particular land is changed from the use that was initially allocated due to invasion and succession, economic rents, highest and best use and other factors that incorporates urbanization in its entirety. Many studies have focused on identifying the driving forces shaping urban development patterns, such as urban scale, and rate and location of land use conversions. The study sought to identify the factors influencing land use changes and determine whether the Bid Rent Theory by Alonso is actually at play in explaining the factors responsible for land use changes in different climes. The driving forces of land use change are numerous, multifaceted and interwoven. The study adopted the use of secondary data from journals, research articles, books obtained through printed and online resources. Going by the vast literature on land use change factors, population growth, socioeconomic, socio-cultural, technological, and natural factors as well as national policies and globalisation are the recognised motivating factors of land use changes. However, there are other drivers of land use change that are peculiar to developing countries like Nigeria. These include inter-urban migration as well as security and safety considerations. The Bid Rent Theory advocated the Willingness to Pay concept which explains the increase in demand for land and its changes. The identification of these drivers of land use change and conversion and their intricacies will help in terms of policy formulation to improve land use planning activities, sustainably manage land resources, reduce housing deficit and generally improve the lives of the citizens by boosting the national economy. Keywords: Land use, land use change, land use change factors, bid rent, willingness to pay.

EMMANUEL SHEKWOLO GWAMNA
ABSTRACT
Flooding is a recurring challenge in Gwagwalada, Abuja, often linked to weak drainage, rapid urban growth, and closeness to rivers. This study combines community perceptions with geospatial evidence to better understand the causes of flooding and their implications for planning. A structured survey of 289 residents captured local views on flooding experiences, while geospatial layers were used to confirm flood-prone zones and exposed infrastructure. Survey results showed that overflowing rivers (40.83 percent) and poor drainage systems (38.75 percent) were widely seen as the main causes of flooding. When compared with elevation and risk maps, these responses closely matched the most vulnerable areas near rivers and unplanned settlements. The overlay of flood zones with roads and buildings further showed that critical infrastructure is frequently exposed to flood hazards, compounding residents’ experiences. By linking people’s lived realities with spatial analysis, the study highlights how both natural setting and human systems drive flood risk. It recommends improved drainage maintenance, stricter controls on development in flood-prone areas, and the use of participatory flood maps that reflect both technical data and community knowledge. The main contribution is an integrated approach that gives planners evidence grounded in both maps and local experience. Keywords: SRTM-DEM, geospatial analysis, community perceptions, flood risk, Gwagwalad

EKEH, JOSHUA M
ABSTRACT
This study examines Nigeria's food security crisis using a mixed-method approach, focusing on post-pandemic agricultural policies and economic factors such as inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, and production costs. The research uses national datasets and qualitative insights from policymakers, farmers, and NGOs to analyze food security trends over time. Key findings reveal that high inflation, driven by foreign exchange volatility, trade barriers, and rising production costs, has severely limited food affordability. Limited agricultural productivity, exacerbated by climate variability, insecurity, and infrastructural deficits, further restricts food availability and accessibility, particularly for rural and low-income populations. Policies like the National Agricultural Technology and Innovation Policy and the National Development Plan aim to revitalize the agricultural sector by strengthening value chains, promoting innovation, and enhancing resilience to shocks. However, structural weaknesses and insufficient investment challenge their effectiveness. The study recommends stabilizing inflation, expanding infrastructure investment, strengthening value-chain resilience, and enhancing targeted social protection programs to address gaps in affordability and accessibility. It underscores the need for integrated policy efforts to address immediate and systemic drivers of food insecurity, fostering a sustainable and resilient agricultural sector in the post-COVID era.
Key words: Post-COVID agricultural policy, food affordability, food accessibility, food availability, mixed-method analysis. Jell Codes: I18; Q11; I38; Q02; C18

OKEZIE A. IHUGBA
ABSTRACT
Insecurity unleashes unprecedented catastrophes in the sphere of human existence. The nuances in the dynamics of its operation have rattled the foundations of the intelligence gathering units of the Security Personnel in the study area. The academic landscape of the area is also not excluded from the maze conundrum. This scenario prompts the drive behind this research. It seeks to evaluate the percentage proportions of the displaced Public Secondary Schools by insecurity in the study area. The study population comprises: the 27 local government areas and 164 Public Secondary Schools in the study area. Simple random sampling technique was leveraged to sample 4 local government areas and 15 Public Secondary Schools from the study population in the area. Data were obtained from primary and secondary sources. They were accessed from the Public Secondary Schools’ records. Akin to that, hand-held G.P.S. was used for the collection of the latitudinal and longitudinal locations of the sampled local government areas. While the secondary data were sourced from base map, cognate literature and the internet, the analysis was executed with percentages and a chart in Microsoft Excel (2013). The results accentuated the percentage proportions of the displaced schools by insecurity in the respective local government areas of the study. Okigwe and Orsu had 40 percent each while Orlu and Njaba had 13 percent and 7 percent respectively. Therefore, the study concludes that, Okigwe and Orsu had more displaced schools by insecurity than Orlu and Njaba in the study area.
Keywords: Insecurity, public secondary schools, percentage proportions, displaced.

TOOCHUKWU ACHO AGIRIGA
ABSTRACT
This study examined the impact of road transport infrastructure on agricultural productivity and market access in Kura Local Government Area of Kano State. Specifically, the study sought to: assess the effect of road transport infrastructure on agricultural productivity in Kura; and to identify strategies for improving road infrastructure to enhance agricultural productivity and market access. A descriptive survey design was employed, with a population of 143,094 residents. Using Yamane’s formula at 5 percent precision, a sample size of 400 respondents was selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Impact of Road Transport Infrastructure on Agricultural Productivity and Market Access in Kura Local Government Area, Kano State (IRTIAPMAKLGAKS) and field observations. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, as well as inferential tools including correlation and regression analysis. The findings revealed that poor feeder roads and inadequate maintenance significantly constrained farmers’ ability to transport inputs and outputs, thereby reducing productivity and limiting access to profitable markets. The study concludes that improved rural road infrastructure would enhance agricultural output, reduce post-harvest losses, and increase farmers’ income in Kura. It recommends targeted government investment in road rehabilitation, periodic maintenance of feeder roads, and community participation in infrastructure management to support sustainable agricultural development and rural livelihood improvement. Keywords: Road Transport Infrastructure, Agricultural Productivity, Market Access, Kura Local Government Area

Abdullahi Shuaibu Abubakar
ABSTRACT
This paper examined the evaluation of the role of women in leadership positions in Nigeria, focusing on their contributions to sustainable development. Despite the presence of constitutional frame works and advocacy for gender inclusion, female representation in leadership remains significantly low in Nigeria‟s governance and economic sectors. The population of the study comprises all the prominent female leaders across politics, business, academia, and civil society in the South- East of Nigeria. The sample size was fifty (50) female respondents that were selected from the population by simple random sampling technique from the South- East of Nigeria. The subjects responded to a 14-item questionnaire in the Evaluation of the Role of Women in leadership Positions and their Contributions to sustainable Development. Empirical research data reports from different sources were also used to explore the social, political, and economic impact of women‟s leadership. Mean was used to answer the four research questions. Results indicated that women in leadership have proven to be strategic actors in driving sustainable development despite the structural, and cultural barriers that impede women‟s participation and offers pragmatic strategies to bridge the gender gap in leadership. Ultimately, the findings underscore that inclusive governance and sustainable development is intricately tied to women active participation in leadership roles. The paper also recommends that legislative action should be taken to enact and enforce gender quotas at all levels of governance. Keywords: Evaluation, women, leadership, contributions, sustainable development.

CAROLINE I. OKORIE
ABSTRACT
This study examines the nexus between forced migration, displacement, and reliance on traditional medicine among Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in North-Central Nigeria, with emphasis on Benue, Nasarawa, and the Federal Capital Territory. Displacement in the region driven largely by farmer herder conflicts has pushed thousands into poorly resourced formal and informal camps where access to modern healthcare is severely constrained. Clinics are scarce, poorly staffed, and financially inaccessible, compelling many IDPs to depend on indigenous medical systems. Adopting a mixed-methods design, the research combines surveys (n = 500), in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions to capture both statistical trends and lived experiences of IDPs. Findings indicate that over 60% of displaced persons rely on herbal remedies, traditional birth attendants, and spiritual healers, far higher than rates among host communities. Key drivers of this reliance include affordability (68.4 percent), cultural familiarity (56.8 percent), accessibility (55.6 percent), and enduring trust in indigenous healing. Logistic regression further reveals significant associations between reliance on traditional medicine and socio-economic variables such as education level, income, and distance to healthcare facilities. The study concludes that displacement not only uproots populations but also reshapes healthcare-seeking strategies, making traditional medicine central to IDP survival. While culturally embedded and accessible, unregulated reliance on these practices raises concerns regarding safety and delayed treatment. The research recommends integrating traditional practitioners into humanitarian health systems, strengthening camp-based healthcare infrastructure, and developing regulatory frameworks to ensure safe and culturally responsive care.
Keywords: Migration, displacement, traditional medicine, IDPs, healthcare access, NorthCentral Nigeria

SILAS JOSHUA
ABSTRACT
The Nigerian construction industry faces challenges in adopting Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Electronic Procurement (e-procurement), essential for improving project efficiency. This study investigated their adoption among professionals in Akwa Ibom using questionnaire-based data, analysed through regression, descriptive statistics, and the Relative Severity Index. Findings revealed that only 37% of respondents use BIM, while 83 percent use e-procurement. About 51 percent reported partial integration, and 31 percent achieved full integration. Despite challenges, 57 percent recognised benefits such as improved time and cost management, efficiency, and collaboration, whereas 14 percent were sceptical. A significant 84 percent reported issues like price instability, supply chain disruptions, fraud, and technological difficulties. Barriers included poor infrastructure, regulatory constraints, and high implementation costs. Recent government reforms were perceived as beneficial. WhatsApp (24 percent) was the most used procurement platform, followed by email (22 percent) and Facebook (21 percent). The study recommends for adequate personnel training, increase investment in infrastructure, and sustainable provision of government incentives to support wider technology adoption.
Keywords: Assessing, integration, building information modelling (BIM), E-procurement, construction project.

A. O. AKPAN
ABSTRACT
This study evaluates urban household supply and storage of water for domestic use in the Lokoja Metropolis, Kogi State, Nigeria. The objectives were: to examine sources of household water supply, identify factors affecting household water supply, ascertain various household domestic uses of water, examine means of storing water and types of water storage facilities used in storing water in Lokoja Metropolis. Primary and secondary data were employed in the study. The primary data were from field observations and questionnaire administration, while the secondary data sources were from already published materials such as text books, articles in journals and other relevant materials. Data collected were analyzed by simple descriptive statistical methods such as tables and percentages. Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to test hypotheses. Results and findings from the study are as follows: The sources of water supply in the study area were pipe borne water, hand- dug well, borehole, river and water vendor. Residents of the area used water for drinking, bathing, convenience, cooking, washing, lawn and gardening. Factors that militated against water supply in the area included distance from source, seasonality, electric supply, pipe leakage, road construction, poor funding and topography. There were five different types of facilities used in storing water by residents of the area, these included buckets, overhead plastic tank, jerry can, plastic drum and larger plastic container. Based on the findings, this study recommends that the state government should connect water close to residents of the area that are far from other sources of municipal water supply. To maintain and sustain the availability and adequacy of water supply in Lokoja, Kogi State government should adequately fund Water Board by way of constant supply of chlorine, alum and other logistics needed. Keywords: Household, water supply, water storage, accessibility, affordability.

L.U. NWAUNE
ABSTRACT
This study investigated how technology affects student attendance and dropout rates in schools in Nigeria. The Researchers collected data from teachers, school administrators, and parents in both rural and urban areas. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests including t-test and chi-square were implored. The findings in the study show that schools using technology have much higher attendance (84.2 percent) and lower dropout rates (11.7 percent) compared to schools without technology (68.4 percent attendance, 21.3 percent dropout). Parents are more involved when technology is used (71.4 percent engagement) than when it is not (33.8 percent). Challenges encountered include poor internet and computer facilities, lack of teacher technical know-how and differences between rural and urban areas. The study recommends amongst others but not limited that government invest in technology, train teachers better, and involve parents more. The study concluded that using digital technologies helps to improve student attendance rates, decreases dropouts rates and increases responsibility, but this needs continued support from the public and private sectors for sustainability.
Keywords: Technology, attendance, school dropout reduction, parental engagement, ICT.

Kelechi U. Nwosu
ABSTRACT
Cyberbullying is a growing global social menace, characterized by the use of electronic communication to harass and threaten individuals, it is a trend increasingly common in Nigeria. This research specifically investigated the socio-economic implications of cyberbullying on citizens in the Kebbi Central Senatorial District. The study employed a survey descriptive research design, guided by the Space Transition Theory (STT). From a population of 255,000 across seven local government areas (LGAs), the researcher purposively selected three LGAs. Using a multi-stage sampling method that included simple random and purposive techniques, 1,600 structured questionnaires were distributed, with 1,500 validated for analysis. The research instrument, the 'Cyberbullying Attitude Questionnaire' (CAQ), was expert-validated and demonstrated a high reliability coefficient of .81 using Cronbach's Alpha. Data was analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. The findings identified severe socio-economic implications for victims, including economic loss, emotional trauma, and psychological and physiological threats. Based on these results, the study recommended several key actions: establishing community internet safety teams to monitor online activities, creating comprehensive bullying prevention policies that educate on rules and acceptable technology use, and founding a dedicated Cyberbullying Control and Prevention Center (CCPC) within the Kebbi Central Senatorial District to combat this issue effectively.
Keywords: Cybercrime, cyberspace, cyberbullying, socio-economic, Kebbi central senatorial district

MUDASSIR NASIR
ABSTRACT
This study examines the impact of urban development on agricultural lands in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. Relatively little empirical research has been conducted on the actual effects of different spatial patterns of urban development on agricultural lands in the study area. This study aims to fill that gap with a focus on Birnin Kebbi, the Kebbi state capital. The objectives of the study were to obtain the land use and land cover (LULC) of Birnin Kebbi, determine the various loss of agricultural land types to urban development and to make viable recommendation based on the findings of this paper. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (RS/ GIS) was used in this study for achieving the objectives and data used was gotten from earthexplorer.usgs.gov. Landsat (TM) images of 1990, 2000 and 2016 were used. The study employed supervised digital image classification method using IDIRISI and ArcGIS 10.2 software. Result showed a major increase in built-up area of 9.2 percent in year 2000 to 48.7 percent in 2016. The cultivated area of 62.1 percent in 1990 reduced to 18.4 percent in 2016. Also, the main change observed for the period of 1990 to 2016 was the decrease in agricultural areas due to urbanization from 62 percent to 18 percent. Over 60 percent of the agricultural land types were loss as a result of development. It was recommended that land use zoning, and technological innovation be adopted by the government to manage and monitor land use cases in the study area.
Keywords: Agricultural land, Urbanization, land use, GIS, Remote sensing

SALIHU KOKO MUSA
ABSTRACT
Swimming pool is one of the recreational facilities patronized by different classes of people for pleasure in some of the hotels and residential houses in Kano Metropolis. However, the swimming pools may harbor infectious disease from contaminated water sources or from untreated water of the swimming pools. Pollution in swimming pools is therefore not uncommon as it is a serious public health issue affecting people globally. This study focused on assessment of swimming pools water quality in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select seven swimming pools from hotels, restaurant and private residence. Mean temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, chloride, phosphate, nitrate, total dissolved solid, total coliforms E. coli and shigella were tested in the laboratory using American public health association (APHA) method. Water quality index (WQI) was computed using Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) to evaluate the quality of water in each of the seven sampled swimming pools. Likert scale was used to rank each swimming pool water quality. The result shows that 28% of the swimming pools water are unsuitable for recreational purpose. Furthermore, the study also shows that the swimming pools did not comply with world health organization (WHO) and environment protection agency (EPA) recreational standards for chlorine. Therefore, the study recommends that the relevant stakeholders need to ensure that standards are maintained at the various swimming pools through regular surveillance and strict enforcement of regulations
Keywords: Water quality, recreation, swimming pools, index.

MUSLIM MUSA YAKUBU
ABSTRACT
This study addresses the global concern of declining financial performance among commercial banks, focusing specifically on Cameroon, where persistent challenges such as high non-performing loans and inadequate credit risk management hinder sector stability. The main objective is to examine how credit risk management practices—namely, nonperforming loans to total liabilities ratio, capital adequacy ratio, and loans-to-deposits ratio— affect the financial performance of Cameroonian banks, with a particular emphasis on Return on Assets (ROA). The specific aims include evaluating the impact of these variables on bank profitability, using panel data regression techniques, notably fixed effects estimation, over the period 2020–2024. Employing secondary data from financial statements and regulatory reports, the research finds that while effective credit risk management positively influences ROA, elevated non-performing loans and capital buffers can adversely affect profitability. Drawing on the Financial Intermediation, Financial Distress, Modern Portfolio, and Shiftability liquidity management theories, the study recommends that banks adopt balanced credit risk strategies, optimize capital buffers, and maintain prudent lending levels to enhance financial performance and sector resilience. Keywords: Commercial banks, credit risk management, financial performance, loan-todeposit ratio, non-performing loans, return on assets. JEL Codes: G21, G32, G38, C12, C23

LABAKU STEPHANIE FIH
ABSTRACT
This study examines African Continental Free Trade Area and economy development in Africa. The structuralist theory of economic development serves as the theoretical foundation. Qualitative methodology and secondary sources of data were used. The study employed content analysis to evaluate the phenomenon. The study revealed that, changes in welfare, measured as equivalent variations of real income, range from USD 2.8 billion to USD 16.1 billion, or up to 0.13 percent relative to a baseline scenario. Intra-African exports increase between 14.6 percent and 32.8 percent, which has small effects on total trade due to the low share of intra-African trade. Also, implementation of the Agreement also helps to reduce the current trade dependence of Africa on its external partners. Production capacities also increase for services. However, there is no mechanism in place under the AfCFTA to coordinate industrial policy across the member nations and regions. The study recommended among others that, for effectiveness in achieving the target objective of African Continental Free Trade Area and economy development in Africa, there is need to establish integrated institutional mechanisms for implementation and monitoring and build the capacity of relevant stakeholders with regard to inclusive rules and practices Keywords: Africa, continental, free trade, economy, development

Yakubu Chiwar GAMBO
ABSTRACT
The involvement of Almajiri students in violent crime has made the Almajirai schools environment unsafe for teaching, learning and researching. In the early 1960s and 1970s, the school environment was safe and secured for learning and physical development of individuals. Today the situation is gradually changed and the school environment has become a source of worry, anguish and misery for Almajiris, Mallams (teachers), students and parents. The study specifically examines the influence of these schools on child delinquencies in Yauri Local Government Area. The study utilized survey method, which combined both questionnaires and interviews. A sample of 900 participants selected from 26 purposively sampled Almajiri schools. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using statistical tools, such as T-tests and ANOVA in SPSS and Excel, while interview responses were transcribed and presented qualitatively. The researcher raised 2 questions and transcribed them in to two hypotheses and been tested at 0.5 Alpha. The study is anchored by youth bulge theory (YBT). The research concludes that the Almajiri‟s school environment contributes significantly to child delinquency. Based on the findings the study recommends the following; government should take responsibility for overseeing and monitoring all Almajiri schools to ensure proper implementation of standards. Additionally, it recommends establishment of Almajiri‟s schools counseling centers and empowering parents both financially and educationally to promote their children's welfare and development.
Keywords: Almajiri, delinquency, Almajiri school, Almajiri education system

MUDASSIR NASIR
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of SCD among students in tertiary institutions of Kaduna State. First, a retrospective analysis of all admissions at the tertiary institutions over a 5-year period (2017-2021) was conducted to identify students with SCD. The student’s record was obtained from either academic record office or medical record office in the institutions for recording of students with SCD. The study recruited participants from six tertiary institutions with a sample size of 384. To complement the questionnaire, two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were held at both the State and federal institutions. Data were analyse with R programming language. The findings of this study revealed that out of the 385 participants, 258 (67%) were male, while 127 (33%) were female. Majority (88%) of the respondents are between the ages of 21-30 years and majority (88%) of the SCD patients frequently experience crisis every 3 months. About 65% of the SCD patients reported missing academic activities between 7 to 10 days in a month. And about 36% of the SCD patients used massage as a means of coping strategy to manage the crisis. The general trend of SCD patient among the undergraduate in tertiary institution of Kaduna state from 2016-2021 is on the reduction stage. Many of the undergraduate SCD patients depend on parent income in the school. Undergraduates of tertiary institutions with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk of underperforming academically as they miss classes and lectures due to rate of crisis occurrence. Many tertiary institutions in Kaduna state do not have data on SCD. It is therefore urgent to establish a data base on SCD and health related issues. It was also found that the academic performance of undergraduate students with SCD was negatively affected, and that they reported missing more days due to the frequency of crisis experienced. Special attention and SCD facilities should be made available in all the health care institutions to tackle the needs of SCD patients among the undergraduate students.
Keywords: Assessment, undergraduate, sickle cell, disease, Kaduna State

A. R. BAKO
ABSTRACT
The increasing emphasis on sustainability in business operations has highlighted the importance of branding and communication in promoting sustainable markets. In Imo State, businesses face challenges such as low consumer awareness, limited financial resources, and skepticism surrounding environmental claims, which impede the adoption of sustainable consumption practices. This study investigates the influence of sustainable branding and communication strategies on consumer perception, trust, loyalty, and the adoption of sustainable consumption behaviours among consumers in Imo State. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Branding and Communication for Sustainable Markets Questionnaire (BCSMQ) from 192 managers, owners, marketing officers, and senior staff of selected businesses using a structured questionnaire validated with a reliability coefficient of 0.91. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient at a 0.05 significance level. Findings reveal that sustainable branding significantly enhances consumer perception, trust, and loyalty, while effective communication strategies significantly encourage consumers to adopt sustainable consumption behaviors. The study concludes that strategic branding and communication are vital tools for fostering sustainable markets, improving consumer engagement, and promoting environmental responsibility. It is recommended that businesses integrate sustainability into their brand identity and adopt multi-channel communication strategies to educate consumers and strengthen sustainable consumption practices. Keywords: Sustainable branding, communication strategies, consumer perception, sustainable consumption, sustainable markets

OGWUCHE GABRIEL SHAIBU
ABSTRACT
Digital learning tools are now integral to improving teaching and learning around the world, but they continue to be disadvantaged by rural and Nigerian schools due to infrastructural and resource limitations. This study assessed the availability, accessibility, and effect of digital learning tools on secondary school learning among rural communities of Southwest Nigeria. A cross-sectional mixed-methods research study involving 400 students and 50 educators was conducted among sampled rural secondary school educators. Data were captured by questionnaire, academic achievement records in English and Mathematics, and semistructured interviews among educators and school managers. Quantitative data were described by descriptive statistics, t-tests and ANOVA test, and multiple regression test. On the other hand, thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data. Results indicate that limited availability exists where the majority identified smartphones (44.8%) and offline elibraries (32.7%) as the most accessible. Some students who owned digital tools significantly outperformed those who did not on English (M = 63.4, SD = 8.2) and Mathematics (M = 59.7, SD = 7.9) by respectively p < 0.01. Regression analysis established the frequency of the use of the tools (AOR = 2.35, p < 0.001), educators' information and communication technology competence (AOR = 1.87, p = 0.002), and internet accessibility (AOR = 1.69, p = 0.008) to be significant predictors that improved performance. Prominent hitches included limited internet accessibility, inconsistent electricity, inadequacy on educators' information and communication technology competence and exorbitant device and data prices. Overcoming the rural–urban digital divide will require investments on information and communications technology infrastructure, directed educators' competency-based training, friendly and accessible costs initiatives and sustainable policies aligned to the rural settings.
Keywords: Digital learning tools, rural education, ICT in schools, academic performance, Southwest Nigeria, digital divide

T. A. ABDUL-HAMEED
ABSTRACT
This paper appraised the implications of Nigeria’s federal system for public policy formulation. It is a public knowledge that Federalism assumes that each tier of government is responsible for designing and implementing policies within its jurisdiction, while recognizing that higher levels may enact policies binding on lower ones. Through the qualitative method utilizing the secondary sources for data collection and contentment analysis for the analysis of data collected, the study examined how policies are made within Nigeria’s democratic and federal environment, considering both the processes and the broader political context shaping decision-making. Beyond analyzing the institutional environment, the paper analyzed how federalism influences policy outcomes and how policy processes affect the stability of the federation. Anchored in the Systems theoretical framework, the study cited examples from all tiers of government, particularly the federal level, which integrates inputs from actors across the federation. Findings show that Nigeria’s policy-making process reflects both cooperation and conflict among levels of government. Policies formulated through adherence to due process tend to enjoy legitimacy and acceptance, while the neglect of procedures often fuels tension, resistance, and implementation challenges. The paper concludes that sustained cooperation, rather than conflict, remains critical for effective and democratic policy-making in Nigeria.
Keywords: Public policy, democracy, federalism, governance, policy making process

EMMANUEL IKECHI ONAH
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the effects of adopting cashless banking and electronic payment systems in Nigeria, identifying the primary challenges and opportunities for the national economy. Using an aggregated approach and descriptive statistical techniques, the research assesses the Central Bank of Nigeria’s cashless policy and examines how electronic money innovations interact with existing economic structures. Findings indicate that while a move toward cashless transactions offers potential efficiency gains and cost savings, its success is constrained by infrastructure deficits (notably unreliable power supply), coordination gaps between fiscal and monetary authorities, and concerns about security and the equitable management of benefits. The paper recommends strengthening physical and digital infrastructure, aligning fiscal and monetary policies, routinely monitoring the performance of different cashless channels, and revising the monetary-policy framework to reflect the economy’s current structure. With these measures—and ongoing attention to inflation management and system security the transition to a largely cashless economy in Nigeria could yield significant advantages despite the risks identified.
Keywords: Payments system, cashless Banking, Nigeria fiscal policy, monetary policy

CHARLES AHANIHU AGUWAMBA
ABSTRACT
This study investigated Serials accessibility by academic staff of the higher institutions a case study of Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education Owerri, and Imo State University Owerri, Imo state. The study covered three objectives and research questions. Questionnaires were used as the instrument for data collection. The population size of 875 from the two institutions while the sample size of 275 academic staff were drawn from the population. Descriptive statistics was used to answer the research questions. The result reported a grand mean of 1.39 indicating that the respondents reported that journals, newspapers and electronic form of serials are the most accessed. That, the staff sources of serials is mostly from their colleagues 53.82 percent, followed by the institution’s library 28.36 percent, then personal subscription 8.72 percent. The study records that inadequate funding for subscription, improper weeding of serial materials by the library management and illegal loan of serials to users formed the major constraints to the accessibility of serial materials by academic staff the institutions under study. The researcher recommended that there is need for more funding, material resources and commitment on the part of the library, the library should also be more involved in cooperative activities with other libraries. Keywords; Serials, academic staff, institutions, accessibility.

NKECHI IGBOKWE
ABSTRACT
Terrorism has become one of the most pressing security challenges in the Sahel, undermining state authority and regional stability. Nigeria and Burkina Faso, two of the region’s most affected states, have adopted predominantly state-led counterterrorism strategies, relying heavily on militarized responses. Yet, despite sustained efforts, insurgent groups such as Boko Haram, ISWAP, and al-Qaeda affiliates remain resilient. The central problem lies in the over-securitization of counterterrorism, which has often neglected governance reforms, human rights, and socio-economic development, thereby weakening state legitimacy. This paper employs a comparative qualitative methodology, drawing on secondary sources including policy documents, scholarly works, and reports, to examine the counterterrorism strategies of Nigeria and Burkina Faso. It adopts securitization theory and the human security framework to analyze the reliance on military force vis-à-vis the neglect of civilian-centered approaches. Findings reveal that while both states have achieved tactical gains, their strategies are undermined by human rights violations, weak institutional capacity, and inadequate community engagement. The study concludes that militarized responses alone are insufficient to address the complex and multidimensional roots of terrorism. In recommendation, lasting security in the Sahel requires integrating force with governance reforms, socioeconomic investment, reintegration programs, inclusive dialogue, and stronger regional cooperation.
Keyword: Counterterrorism, Sahel, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Human Security

DARE ISAAC AKINDOYIN
ABSTRACT
This paper focuses on multidimensional implications of Boko-Haram and armed bandits on socioeconomic development of Northern Nigeria. It is not in contention that nefarious activities of these non-state actors have been the center of security crisis in Nigeria. The implications of these developments have also created complex challenges with a significant impact on food production. Hence, the study adapted secondary sources of data collection. A desk method of data analysis and frustration-aggression theory in discussing the consequences of Islamic radicals and armed bandits in northern states with a significant effect in notable states such as Zamfara, Niger, Kaduna and Kastina, and Borno-States. The study found that the high rate of insecurity in Nigeria, and most worrisome in these states have created untold hardship for people living within, and has continued to impact governance negatively. The paper further argues that there is a wide gap between the citizenry and government security agencies in protecting life and properties. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the dimensional impact of these radicals on socio-economic development of these aforementioned states. The paper concludes that the activities of these group in northern, and more importantly those states mentioned have impacted socio-economic lives of the people in the area which is synonymous to a failed state. The paper therefore recommends the imperative and urgency in technological approach to tackling this ugly trend, strengthening cooperation and engagement of the indigenes by strengthening local security outfit, as well as creation of more employment opportunities for the teaming youths, and good governance. Nigeria should also push for the review of ECOWAS Protocol that guarantee free entry and free exist of member states. This would halt the excesses of terrorism and other forms of criminalities towards enhancing national security and robust socioeconomic development.
Keywords: Armed bandit, socio-economic development, Boko-Haram, insecurity,

ONYEKACHI JUDE ONWUANIBE
ABSTRACT
Strategic leadership is necessary for the successful implementation of the de-radicalization programme targeted at Boko Haram insurgents in the northeast region of Nigeria. This paper uses secondary written documents to examine the radicalization of the northeast by Boko Haram and the place of strategic leadership in the de-radicalization efforts. Boko Haram is radicalizing young people because of enabling factors like poverty, unemployment and illiteracy. The military response to Boko Haram had limited success amidst criticisms of abuses. The de-radicalization programme of Nigeria introduced as non-military response is shrouded in secrecy and faced with suspicion and rejection by the local population. The work concludes that adopting strategic leadership will greatly increase the chances of success of this de-radicalization programme.
Keywords: Radicalization; de-radicalization; Boko Haram; insurgency; strategic leadership.

ESSON ALUMBUGU
ABSTRACT
The conflict in South Sudan exposes a new dimension of modern peace-building where innate political rivalries, fragile institutions, and environmental shocks intersect to frustrate international interventions. Despite the strategic mandate of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), its capacity has been persistently weakened by inadequate funding, poor logistical infrastructure, and the paralyzing effect of divisions within the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). This study interrogates these challenges through the lens of Principal-Agent Theory, situating the tensions between the UN’s directives and the constraints faced by its peacekeepers. Employing a rigorous documentary analysis of official reports, UN resolutions, academic literature, and media accounts, the research pursues three objectives: first, to evaluate the impact of resource insufficiency on UNMISS’s operational effectiveness; second, to examine how South Sudan’s terrain and weak infrastructure exacerbate security and humanitarian limitations; and third, to analyze how UNSC discord constrains coherent responses to urgent needs such as healthcare. Our findings show that low troop morale, restricted mobility, and fragmented international consensus collectively blunt the mission’s effectiveness. The study concludes by advancing targeted recommendations strengthening personnel welfare, investing in infrastructure resilience, and building stronger diplomatic consensus to enhance UNMISS’s ability to support sustainable peace.
Keywords: South Sudan, UNMISS, peacekeeping, UNSC, Principal-Agent Theory

ALITA EMMANUEL CHINAGOROM
ABSTRACT
This study explores the efficacy of microfinance initiatives among women entrepreneurs in the rural markets of Southwest Nigeria where financial exclusion and gender disparity persist. A mixed-methods research style entwined survey data among 350 rural women entrepreneurs with 15 key informant interviews among microfinance officials, leaders of cooperatives, and local stakeholders. Data collection occurred via a structured Likert 4-point questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were examined using descriptive statistics, regression, and ANOVA via SPSS v.26, and thematic content analysis occurred on qualitative data. Results included micro finance's strong improvement on the accessibility to business capital by women, income to households, and savings. Regression analysis validated loan accessibility (β = 0.302), savings mobilization (β = 0.265), and training (β = 0.221) to be the strong predictors of empowerment and repayment pressure to be influencing negatively on empowerment (β = -0.182). ANOVA results identified perceptual group difference where the members of the cooperatives reported higher satisfaction compared to the independent traders. Cross-tabulation also revealed that the women enjoying sustained loan accessibility reported increased business growth rates to the sum of 64% compared to the group without accessibility on the sum to be only 29%. Such results indicate the transformative potential and its structure limitations on microfinance initiatives. Recommendations include genderresponsive loan models, capacity building initiatives, increased regulation on microfinance institutions, and expanded delivery on the basis of the cooperatives to uplift the sustainability. Keywords: microfinance, women entrepreneurs, rural markets, empowerment, financial inclusion, Southwest Nigeria

H. B. BELLO
ABSTRACT
This research explores the potential of indigenous festivals to aid sustainable tourism growth within Southwest Nigeria using the Osun-Osogbo and Egungun festivals as examples. Using a mixed-methods research design involving surveys among 300 respondents and 15 key informant interviews among cultural custodians, tourism officials, and leaders, surveys and interviews used an ordered structured 4-point Likert questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were tested via descriptive statistics and regression through SPSS v.26 and ANOVA, and thematic content analysis on qualitative data. Results showed indigenous festivals play a crucial role in the preservation of culture, economic empowerment, and pride among members. Poor infrastructure and environmental pressure remain significant challenges. Regression analysis validated that cultural preservation (β = 0.278), economic empowerment (β = 0.301), and membership participation (β = 0.226) remain strong predictors of tourism sustainability and explain 51% of the variance. ANOVA results further showed perceptual difference among the stakeholders where the custodians are more positive compared to the tourists who blamed lack of amenities. Attendance records also showed Osun-Osogbo has higher international popularity and Egungun is steadily growing with untapped potential. Infrastructural upgrade is suggested by the study to enhance sustainability alongside an inclusion of members to enhance belonging and adoption of ecofriendly festival culture and inclusion within the cultural tourism policy document within Nigeria.
Keywords: Indigenous festivals, sustainable tourism, cultural preservation, Osun-Osogbo Festival, Egungun Festival, Nigeria

Y. MUBARAK
ABSTRACT
This study examined the impact of democratic governance on socio-economic development in Nigeria from 2015 to 2024. This is predicated upon the assumption that democratic rule advance or foster socio-economic development. The objectives of the study are to examine the impact of democratic governance on socio-economic development, and to evaluate the challenges limiting the effectiveness of democratic governance in promoting socio-economic development in Nigeria. The paper utilized secondary data from reliable sources such as the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), World Bank, Transparency International, and UNDP to analyze trends and patterns. The study adopted the Institutional Theory as its theoretical framework, which emphasizes the role of formal and informal institutions in shaping governance outcomes. The findings show a persistent increase in poverty rates, unemployment, inflation, and high cost of living, alongside sustained corruption, which undermines the benefits of governance reforms. Despite continuous democratic rule, Nigeria's socioeconomic indicators significantly worsened between 2015 and 2024. Poverty rose from 48.3% to 65.5%, unemployment peaked at 33.3%, inflation reached 31.7%, and corruption remained entrenched. The study identifies several challenges, such as bad economic policies, policy inconsistency, corruption, weak institutions, poor accountability mechanisms, and a lack of effective governance, which have hindered socio-economic development in Nigeria. The study concludes that democratic governance in Nigeria has not effectively translated into improved socio-economic conditions. It recommends economic diversification, strengthening institutional frameworks, promoting inclusive economic reforms, enhancing transparency and accountability, tackling inflation and cost of living, and investing in human capital development.
Keywords: Governance, democracy, socio-economic development, Nigeria

Boris Happy ODALONU
ABSTRACT
Globally and West Africa in particular, the need for conflict prevention in the 21st Century has become worthwhile venture because of the phenomena of incessant insecurity and political instability across the region. Specifically, Nigeria as a country has since the beginning of this century been grappling with the experiences of crisscrossing insecurity. The situation has not only hindered national development but steadily threaten the peace and unity of the country. Strategically, peace education has been earmarked as a veritable tool for conflict prevention and sustainable peace. The principal concern and objective of this paper therefore, is to explore the role of peace education in preventing conflicts in Nigeria by highlighting its capacity in addressing the root causes of insecurity and violent actions. Methodologically, qualitative research approach was used in gathering data from secondary sources with the application of trend design to analyze the variables associated with the subject matter. Undoubtedly, the in-depth analyses of current peace initiatives in Nigeria reveals gaps and challenges which this paper is poised to address. Given the situation above, this paper argues that a blue print peace education framework that amalgamates conflict resolution skills, human rights and robust community enlightenment programme are desideratum for conflict prevention and sustainable peace in Nigeria. This paper is anchored on Peace Education Theory as explanatory framework of analysis. In achieving the overall purpose of this paper, a number of salient issues will be discussed under the relevant sections, for both academic convenience and analytical purposes.
Keywords: Peace Education, Conflict Prevention, Nigeria, Sustainable Peace and Insecurity.

OSMOND SUNDAY OBOKE
ABSTRACT
The study focused on innovative research and assessment process: A strategy for improving quality Technical and Vocational Education and Training programmes in Rivers State. Three research questions guided the study. The study adopted survey research design and was carried out in Rivers State. The population for the study was 130 TVET educators in the Department of Technology Education, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rummolemini Port Harcourt and Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku. Simple random sampling technique was used to obtain from the population of TVET educators a sample of 100 TVET educators. A twenty eight item questionnaire was developed and utilized to collect data for the study. The instrument was validated by three experts from Department of Technology Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State. Cronbach alpha reliability method was used to determine the internal consistency of the instrument. The reliability test on the items revealed a coefficient of 0.80. The study found out that effective innovative research and assessment process in TVET programmed is a good strategy to improve the quality of TVET for sustainable national development. TVET educators’ interest in conducting innovative research and assessment is low due to lack of fund, industry-school partnership is a strategy that must be adopted to improve innovative research and assessment process in TVET institutions in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that government should ensure that adequate fund is made available for research and assessment process in all the technical training institutions, industry-school partnership should be encouraged at all levels of TVET programmes in Nigeria.
Keywords: Innovative, research, assessment, strategy, quality, technical education.

VINCENT I. A. AGWI
ABSTRACT
The study examined the nexus between school Principals and effective Community relations in Nigeria; highlighting some major roles Principals play in establishing effective school community relations. The researchers adopted qualitative and content analysis methods that compelled them to gather data from secondary sources. The study examined; school Principals Leadership styles and behaviors that enhance effective school community relations, constraints to cordial school community relations and ways school community relations impact on students learning outcomes. The paper revealed some potential remedies to the factors that hinder Principals realization of effective school community relations. The researchers concluded that appropriate Principal leadership style, behavior and competent administrative knowledge and skills are paramount determinants of conducive school community relations for students’ success. And that some Nigeria secondary schools’ Principals lack positive leadership behaviors as well as adequate administrative knowledge and skills to drive effective school community relationships. Keywords: School headship, education, leadership, community relations, education outcomes.

CHARLES CHIDI EKEADA
ABSTRACT
This study looks at how social governance affects local economic development in the Bida Local Government Area of Niger State. Based on the Social Capital Theory, the study investigates how social networks, trust, and institutional collaboration generate the collective activity required for longterm economic success. To give contextual insights, a mixed-methods methodology was used, with 380 respondents completing quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Data were examined using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test, and interviews helped to improve the interpretation of quantitative results. The study found a statistically significant correlation between social governance practices and economic growth indices (χ² = 1520.000, p = 0.000). Respondents stated that governance changes had helped to create jobs, improve local economic conditions, and increase institutional trust. Civil servants and businesspeople, who dominate the local economy, cited direct gains from governance methods, but minority of respondents were skeptical, implying an unequal distribution of policy effects. Educational differences, with just 25% of respondents completing postsecondary education, indicate further barriers to long-term growth. The study suggests that social governance serves as a catalyst for economic development in Bida, primarily through job creation and improved institutional performance. It calls for increased investment in education and vocational training, more inclusive and transparent policy execution, and stronger collaboration among communities, traditional institutions, and government actors. Increased transparency, accountability, and participatory governance will boost public trust and promote fair development gains for all. Keywords: Social governance, economic development, social capital theory, Bida

IDREES MAHMUD GANA
ABSTRACT
This paper examines human capital migration and its impact on the economic development of southeastern Nigeria. Human capital migration has its implications on the economic development of southeastern region of Nigeria. Social, monetary and technological remittances among others have been identified as some of the benefits that accrue to the region from its diaspora. However, the absence of good demographic, migration and remittance statistics at the regional and national levels makes it difficult to ascertain the number of south-easterners in the diaspora and the volume of their contributions in the form of remittances. It is observed that while migration has helped to relieve the densely populated region of certain problems associated with high population density, it has also led to the depletion of skilled and youthful human capital resources needed for the development of the region. Using historical method, this paper attempts to trace population movement involving individuals from the region as far back as the pre- colonial period. Hinged on human capital, and push and pull theories, the paper suggests among others that there should be a better organised and effective co-ordination and cooperation between the region (south east) and its diaspora (at all levels) to ensure a proper and sustainable socio-economic development of the region. This will make up for the massive migration of skilled human capital from the region. Keywords: Human capital, migration, economic development.

EKERE SUNDAY AKOR
ABSTRACT
This study conducts a comparative analysis of the divergent industrial development paths of Nigeria and South Korea since the 1960s. South Korea, an Asian Tiger, transitioned from an aid-dependent, agrarian economy to a global industrial power, while resource-rich Nigeria to a large extent is still grappling with industrialization. Applying the Developmental State Theory, the study explores how differences in state capacity, industrial policy strategy, and institutional effectiveness account for this profound divergence. Documentary method of data collection was adopted and data sourced majorly from secondary sources. The secondary data collected was analysis ed (statistical data and policy documents) by content analysis. Findings indicate that South Korea‘s success was driven by a disciplined Export-Oriented Industrialization (EOI) strategy, strong state autonomy, targeted investment in human capital, and accountability mechanisms for private firms (e.g., the Chaebols). Conversely, Nigeria's reliance on Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI), coupled with the instability and corruption characteristic of a Rentier State, led to policy inconsistency and a failure to build a competitive manufacturing base. The study concludes that the nature and capacity of the state are the critical differentiating factors and recommends that Nigeria adopt policy consistency, performance-based intervention, and aggressive human capital development strategies.
Keywords: Comparative politic, planning, industrial development, policy strategy, vicious cycle.

VIVIAN UDOKA EJIOGU
ABSTRACT
This study investigated Land Use and Land Capability Studies in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, using geospatial technology. The research employed Geographic Information System (ArcGIS) and remote sensing (Erdas Imagine) techniques, satellite imagery data set of land sat TM, ETM + OLI sensor images of 1986, 2000 and 2018 respectively. Normalized Different Built-up Index (NDBI) was used to extract the built-up areas from the satellite imagery. Land cover maps of the three period were produced using supervised classification methods to place pixels in an image into land use/cover classes to draw useful thematic information. Change detection analysis was used to determine different land use changes between 1986 and 2018. The result showed a generally increased in built-up land by 117.70 square kilometers (50 percent) while bare land/agricultural land use was depleted by 36.93 square kilometers (15.69 percent), primary vegetation decreased by 49.57 square kilometers (21.03 percent), and secondary vegetation decreased by 31.26 square kilometers (13.28 percent) within the period under review. The increase in the built-up land cover is an indication of the growth of the urban area in the study area. From the forgoing, there is need for sustainable land management. Practices which encourages the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices that enhances soil quality and prevent degradation ensuring long-term productivity, integrated land planning which promote a comprehensive land use planning framework that balances urban development with agricultural needs while considering, and policy development which advocate for the formulation of policies that prioritize land capability assessments in decision-making processes for development projects. This will foster ecological balance while meeting the demands of a growing population. Keywords: Land use, land capability studies, urban growth, geospatial technologies, Uyo.

KINGSLEY M. AKPAN
ABSTRACT
This study evaluates the space-time dynamics in rainfall and its implications on hunting livelihood in the Littoral ecological zones (LEZs) of Niger Delta. The specific objectives include to: the trends, oscillations, and level of variations in rainfall patterns among the distinct LEZs and; statistically compare and model the variations in rainfall indices in the distinct LEZs. The study area was stratified into three, comprising the Eastern, Central and Western LEZs. Rainfall data were collected from the three zones using gridded method from 1901 to 2021 (121) climatic years and analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The results of monthly and annual distribution patterns of rainfall depicted disparities among the sampled LEZs. The linearized model using regression with time series revealed that the Western LEZ sustained a positive trend with the annual increase rate of 0.369, while the Eastern and Central LEZs maintained a negative trend with the annual decrease of 3.228 and -1.716 respectively. ANOVA model of variations in rainfall distributions across climatic year intervals give 8.112 and 3.659 that are statistically significant at 0.05 confidence level for the Eastern and Central LEZs. This study concluded that rainfall distribution remained highly dynamics in LEZs over time sequence, with the corresponding negative and positive implications on hunting livelihood and the regional ecosystem. Also, the volatile nature of the study area driven by varying types of water induced geomorphic hazards such as erosion, flood and soil water intrusion on marginal land and it ecosystem have and will continue to affect hunting activities and threaten food security dimensionally. There is paper is calling for more proactive actions to mitigate or avert the impacts of climate change-induced rainfall disasters in the Niger Delta.
Keywords: Climate index, rainfall dynamics, hunting livelihood, littoral zones, Niger Delta

MARY N. EZEMONYE
ABSTRACT
This study evaluates ICT uptake among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) within Southwest Nigeria and the level of digital inclusion, determinants of uptake, and performance outcomes on firms. A mixed-methods research design entwined the surveying of 400 SMEs sampled through multi-stage sampling within six States with interviews conducted on 18 key informants consisting of SME leaders and policy influencer. Data collection entailed the administration of the structured questionnaire developed upon a 4-point Likert scale validated through pilot tests (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87). Quantitative data set out to be examined through descriptive statistical analysis, regression examination, and the Structural Equation Model within SPSS and the SmartPLS through regression analysis and SEM respectively. Thematic analysis characterized qualitative data set to yield contextual information. Relatively high uptake exists on the uptake on digital payments and social media advertising but where advanced applications like cloud services and analytics and CRM systems are not maximally used. Regression analysis demonstrates that performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, digitization skills plus infrastructure quality highly determine uptake but cost and unreliable electricity/internet serve mainly as inhibitions. Uptake on ICT has been realized to boost sales growth, productivity, and market penetration but profitability increments are limited. SMEs need to be targeted with policies to reduce the cost on ICT investments and roll out infrastructure to boost SME digitization. SME association and the providers of the technology can join forces to enhance capacity and trust mechanisms to allow the firm to transit to the uptake on advanced applications. This research avails the evidence on the uptake on the uptake mechanisms on the region that is rarely represented on the review framework and avails the operationalizable inclinations on view to precipitate the digital inclusion and SME commoditization on the region.
Keywords: ICT adoption, SMEs, digital inclusion, technology acceptance, firm performance.

O. F. ADEGBOLA
ABSTRACT
This study investigates that role of data analytics guiding informed administrative decisions in education. The method focuses on the systematic review of study that centered on the application, goals challenges and opportunities in a data based school administration. Findings show that data analytics facilitates administration decision making in resource allocation, students’ academic performances, teacher evaluation and curriculum planning. However, due to poor provision of ICT infrastructure, lack of technical know-how, poor data management and low awareness amongst administrators, hence adoption is limited. This study therefore recommends relevant policy improvements, staff development and the provision of adequate infrastructure. These findings will guide school administrators, policymakers and researchers seeking to enhance administrative efficiency and the quality of learning in schools.
Keywords: Data analytics, decision making, basic education, educational administration, school management.

KELECHI U. NWOSU
ABSTRACT
The ecological health of the agrarian Ivo River Ecosystem was assessed by examining the interactive effects of seasonal hydrology, physicochemical gradients, and pesticide residues. Surface water and biota were sampled during rainy and dry seasons from eight locations. Pesticide residues and persistent organic pollutants were quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), while physicochemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, resistivity) were analyzed following APHA standards. Ecological health was evaluated using biotic abundance, diversity indices, and risk quotients (RQ). Results showed that TDS (36.90 mg/L) and DO (3.09 mg/L) were higher during the rainy season, whereas conductivity and resistivity increased in the dry season. Pesticide concentrations were greater in the dry season, coinciding with reduced aquatic macro-invertebrate diversity, suggesting ecological stress. In contrast, phytoplankton abundance was lower in the rainy season. Benthic macroinvertebrates were dominated by Chironomus sp. larvae, Melanoides tuberculata, and Margaritifera Auricularia, which are species tolerant to pesticide pollution. Overall, the findings demonstrated that the interaction of water quality, season, and pesticide residues controls ecological health in the Ivo River. Pesticide regulation, community sensitization, and continuous monitoring are recommended to safeguard ecosystem health.
Keywords: Seasonal hydrology, physicochemical gradients, pesticide residues, ecological health, Ivo River, freshwater ecology

VICTORIA ONYEBUCHI ASIEGBU
ABSTRACT
Machine learning algorithms like artificial neural networks (ANN) are capable of providing accurate predictions of crop yields based on climatic variables. Meteorological data and Soya beans yield from 2010 to 2023 were obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Kano Agricultural and Rural Development Agency (KNARDA) respectively. The ANN algorithm was used in predicting Soya beans yield based on the dataset of the climatic variables. Seven climatic variables (Rainfall, Maximum, temperature, Minimum temperature Relative humidity, Sunshine hours, Wind speed and direction) were used as input neurons for the ANN algorithm. The maximum prediction for Soya beans yield in ANN model was gotten in 6 hidden neurons. The highest prediction was obtained with an Rsquare (R2) of 0.99 (99%) for the training and validation having an R2 of 0.80 (80%). While the training and validation it is a perfect linear graph which shows that the actual variable is the same as the predicted variable, also the actual value and the predicted result correlate much which gives a perfect linear graph. The study indicated that the model is very reliable and statistically significant in predicting the variability of Soya beans yield. Therefore, based on the training and validation, it is a perfect linear graph which shows same values for both the actual and predicted variables. Findings from the study reveals that the ANN has the capacity of identifying patterns in historical data and can make prediction of Soya beans yield variability possible. This study therefore recommends its use in supporting the development of management practices that are best adapted to climate variability and provides an insight on how to reduce risks associated with reduction in crop yield. Keywords: Crop yield, soyabeans, ANN, climate Variability, Prediction

ABDULRAZAK TIJJANI KURA
ABSTRACT
Over the years, the Nigerian economy has been supported in various ways including, through subsidies on fuel, education, electricity, and forex. The removal of subsidy on fuel in Nigeria has raised concerns about its impact on vulnerable populations. This study examines the effects of subsidy removal on poverty, hunger, and livelihoods, focusing on rising food prices, household budgets, and socioeconomic well-being. Using a mixed-method approach, the study integrates quantitative and qualitative data to assess the implications of subsidy removal. Data were collected from 784 respondents through a multistage sampling technique, and the Chi-square test was used to analyze significant relationships between key variables. Findings reveal that over 70% of the population faces severe poverty, hunger, and starvation due to the sharp rise in food and fuel prices. Households struggle to afford basic needs, access healthcare, and provide education for their children. The removal of fuel subsidies has led to worsening economic conditions, making daily survival increasingly difficult. While government intervention programs exist, their effectiveness is hindered by lack of transparency and limited reach. This study highlights the urgent need for policy reforms to ensure social safety nets are effective in mitigating the economic strain on low-income households. Without strategic interventions, the removal of subsidies will further entrench poverty and economic instability in Nigeria. Keywords: Subsidy removal, fuel, poverty, hunger, starvation.

SULEIMAN AKILU
ABSTRACT
The important place of women in contribution to national development is not limited to the maintaining of the households and child bearing as it has over the years metamorphosed into greater spheres of life such as leadership positions; thus this study was undertaken to examine the role of women in leadership position and their contribution to sustainable development in Nigeria for the period 1990-2023 as the scope of the study. To carry out this research study, data were sourced from the World Bank online data base (2023) and these variables included: quality of public administration index, proportion of women in leadership position, gender equality index as the explanatory variables; while sustainable development was the dependent variable. The dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) was used as the method of data analysis. From the DOLS model analysis, it was discovered that all the explanatory variables were statistically only quality of public administration was statistically significant in the short run and long run at the 5% level of significance; while public sector management and corruption control indices were statistically insignificant in the long run at the 5% level of significance. The granger causality test result showed no direct causal relationship between contribution of women in leadership position and sustainable development. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the government should through the instrument of good public administration; encourage women to assume more positive role in the society by increasing the proportion of women to assume public offices; The problem associated with gender-based selection should be looked into and tackled head on to keep women in the seat of development by engaging their expertise in various fields, especially in leadership positions where they have a lot to contribute and lastly, corruption control should be addressed as a priority in Nigeria. This is because corruption has been the bane of sustainable development in Nigeria. Keywords: Gender equality, women in polity, public administration, ordinary least squares, Sustainable Development,

SUNDAY KALU
ABSTRACT
Road Safety Education (RSE) is a low-cost high impact approach to reducing Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) and enhancing public safety. This paper explores the concepts of RSE, its objectives and importance. It critically analyzes theoretical frameworks underpinning RSE. The paper synthesizes recent evidence on Nigeria’s RTA burden, evaluates the effectiveness of RSE interventions, identifies implementation barriers, and recommends scalable strategies for policy and practice. Methods include a structured literature review of the peer-reviewed studies and policy reports, and analysis of national datasets and country profiles from authoritative bodies. Results show Nigeria bears a disproportionate share of road traffic fatalities and injuries driven by speeding, risky driving, poor vehicle maintenance, road way deficiencies, and weak post-crash care. Empirical studies demonstrate that targeted RSE integrated within schools, driven-training programmes and community campaigns-improves knowledge, attitudes and self-reported safety behaviors, and can reduce crash risk when combined with enforcement and safer infrastructure. However, gaps in program coverage, inconsistent curricula, limited funding, data weaknesses, and low institutional coordination undermine impacts. To accelerate progress, Nigeria should adopt a national RSE framework aligned with the decade of Action for Road Safety, strengthen data systems, institutionalize RSE in formal education and licensing and secure sustainable financing. With coordinated action across sectors, scaled RSE can contribute substantially to lowering RTAs and improving population safety in Nigeria. Urgent political commitment is essential. Keywords: Road safety education, road traffic accidents, public safety, prevention, Nigeria,

GETRUDE CHINYERE ALEXIUS-UGWULEBO
Abstract
People‟s willingness to communicate with others that are not from their cultural backgrounds, conceptualized as intercultural willingness to communicate (IWTC), is important for building peaceful societies and resolving conflicts. Consequently, factors influencing IWTC, especially among youths in Nigeria, deserve to be studied, but they often do not attract much attention among communication scholars. Therefore, this study assessed the predictive influence of ethnocentrism, xenophobia, and intercultural communication apprehension on IWTC among Yoruba youths in southwest Nigeria. Furthermore, the study assessed the nature of relationships among ethnocentrism, xenophobia, and intercultural communication apprehension. The study was a survey in which 353 Yoruba youths (aged 16 – 35) participated. The Structural Equation Model analysis results showed that intercultural communication apprehension negatively predicted IWTC (β =.-15; p = .02), while ethnocentrism did not predict it (β = -15; p > .05). Also, the results showed that a positive relationship exists between ethnocentrism and xenophobia (r = .56; p < .001), between ethnocentrism and intercultural communication apprehension (r = .55; p < .001), and between xenophobia and intercultural communication apprehension (r = .43; p < .001). Keywords: Intercultural willingness, communication, ethnocentrism, xenophobia, intercultural communication apprehension, Yoruba youths.

OLUWASEUN AYOMIPO
ABSTRACT
This study critically examines the political economy of resource allocation and ethnic balancing in Kogi State, Nigeria, a state marked by its complex ethno-regional diversity and intense contestation over access to political power and public resources. Drawing on elite theory and the framework of distributive politics, the research explores how successive administrations in Kogi State have navigated the competing interests of the three major ethnic groups namely Igala, Ebira, and Okun in the distribution of appointments, infrastructural projects, and social investments. Through analyses of budget documents, official records, and key informant interviews, the study uncovers patterns of selective favoritism, regional disparities in capital allocation, and the strategic use of ethnicity for political consolidation. It also identifies how these practices affect governance, inter-group relations, and perceptions of equity within the state. The findings reveal that although efforts at ethnic balancing are often rhetorically acknowledged, actual resource distribution tends to reflect prevailing political alignments rather than equitable need-based considerations. The research underscores the role of institutional reforms, inclusive budgeting, and transparent governance in mitigating the zero-sum nature of ethno-political competition. By illuminating the intersection between identity politics and economic decision-making, the study contributes to broader debates on federalism, equity, and democratic development in multiethnic societies. Recommendations are made for policy frameworks that promote merit-based appointments, proportional representation, and development planning that bridge ethnic divides for sustainable peace and inclusive growth in Kogi State. Keywords: Resource allocation, ethnic balancing, political economy, distributive politics

UGBEDE DAVID ATADOGA
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between financial rewards on employee productivity and motivation of pharmaceutical firms in Port Harcourt. Employee productivity and motivation are critical determinants of organizational success, particularly in dynamic and knowledge-driven industries such as pharmaceuticals. For the purpose of this research, a cross sectional research design was adopted. Fundamentally, the Population of this work comprises customers of Two hundred and sixty two pharmaceutical distribution firms in Port Harcourt, Rivers State as enlisted on Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria. The sample size of the study is 158 and the study adopted convenience sampling method to administer 2 copies of the questionnaire to the customers of each pharmaceutical distribution firms (2 X 158), making a total of 316 copies of questionnaire. The primary data that was obtained from the field using the questionnaire was presented in tables, and simple statistical percentage method will be used to process the data and the result interpreted. The study data was analysed using statistical package for social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. specifically the spearman rank Correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses and determine the strength and direction of relationships between financial rewards, employee motivation, and productivity. According to the study, employee productivity in pharmaceutical companies is significantly positively correlated with financial rewards. The following recommendations are put forth in light of the study's findings to guarantee equity and openness; pharmaceutical companies should examine and harmonize their pay structures. Again companies should create transparent performance evaluation procedures that link quantifiable performance metrics to monetary incentives and bonuses given to staff members. Keywords: Incentives, salary increment, employee productivity, employee motivation, financial rewards, pharmaceutical firms

NNENNA NANCY CHUKWUMA

Publications Phase 3

Explore our third edition publications

No matter the task, we’re dedicated to finding solutions that work for our clients and help them attain results.

ABSTRACT
Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) have become an essential response to Nigeria’s massive
infrastructure gaps, especially in health, power, and transportation. However, navigating the
PPP terrain isn’t without challenges. Procurement under PPPs is often slowed down by weak
institutions, poor technology usage, financial constraints, and corruption. This study explored
how these obstacles shape procurement outcomes in Nigeria's PPP efforts. Drawing from the
views of 391 stakeholders engaged in PPP projects—particularly across Ghana’s
infrastructure space—we analyzed key bottlenecks using descriptive statistics and one
sample t-tests. The results were striking: corruption (t= 57.217, p < 0.001) and capacity gaps
significantly hurt procurement efficiency. Slow tech adoption further dampens transparency
and execution. All five problem areas tested proved statistically relevant (p < 0.001). For
Nigeria to benefit from PPPs as a sustainable path to infrastructure growth, deep structural
reform is needed—particularly in reducing corruption, strengthening institutions, and
embracing e-procurement and financial innovation. Countries like Nigeria can’t afford to
delay these changes, as they hold the key to unlocking transparent partnerships and successful
infrastructure delivery.
Keywords: Public procurement, public-private partnerships, institutional capacity, corruption
in infrastructure projects-procurement technology, procurement reform.

SUNDAY MORDI
ABSTRACT
The research investigated Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and job
performance among senior non-teaching personnel at Alvan Ikoku Federal College of
Education, Owerri. The use of ICT has supplanted traditional equipment utilised by personnel
to execute their everyday tasks, leading to office automation and a paperless environment.
Since the implementation of ICTs, there are assertions that it has improved job performance.
Nonetheless, the accuracy of this argument remains unverified, and there is minimal or no
rigorous investigation supporting it. In this context, this paper poses the following questions:
Does the adoption of ICTs improve job performance among senior non-teaching staff at
AIFCE, Owerri, during the study period? Additionally, does the use of ICT facilities equally
enhance job performance for male and female senior non-teaching staff? The study utilised
sociotechnical system theory and appropriately adopted a survey research approach. The data
were obtained from primary and secondary sources. The acquired data were examined using
the chi-squared test. The findings indicated that the adoption of ICTs improved job
performance among senior non-teaching personnel at AIFCE, and that the utilisation of ICT
facilities similarly benefitted job performance for both male and female employees. The
study advises that the college administration should guarantee sufficient availability of
contemporary ICT resources and promote the enhancement of staff ICT proficiency.
Keywords: Information, communication technology, job performance, non-teaching staff
development

Cornel Chinedu Uzodinma Udumaga
ABSTRACT
Social media has become a vital source of support for many groups, including first-time
mothers. Social media platforms provide accessible, empathetic, and practical support,
especially for mothers lacking traditional support systems. These platforms help alleviate
feelings of isolation, offer peer-to-peer advice, and foster a sense of community that aids in
emotional resilience. This study investigates the role of social media in enhancing the well?
being of new mothers by examining four types of support: informational, emotional,
instrumental, and appraisal. Each type addresses unique maternal needs, from practical advice
to validation and encouragement. Using a quantitative approach, survey data was collected
from 385 first-time mothers in Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Findings reveal that appraisal, emotional, and instrumental support obtained through social
media significantly positively impact mothers' well-being, promoting confidence, mental
health, and satisfaction during early motherhood. Conversely, while valuable, informational
support does not show a statistically significant influence on well-being, suggesting that
knowledge alone may not fully address first-time mothers' emotional and psychological
needs. The implications suggest that healthcare providers and policymakers should consider
social media as a complementary tool for maternal support and recommend structuring online
programs to emphasise emotional, appraisal, and instrumental support.
Keywords: First-time mothers, Social Media Support, Well-being, Information Support

Qaribu Yahaya Nasidi
ABSTRACT
Grievance resolution timeliness is a critical component of procedural justice, significantly
shaping employee perceptions of fairness and trust within an organization. This study
investigated the influence of employee position and state of employment on the perceived
timeliness of grievance resolution within government ministries and parastatals in Nigeria. A
cross-sectional survey design was employed, with data collected from 319 employees across
20 selected public institutions in Imo and Delta States. The hypotheses were tested using a
Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results revealed a statistically significant
main effect for employee position on perceived timeliness, F(3, 289) = 9.570, p = .000,
indicating that perceptions differ across organizational ranks. A post hoc analysis confirmed a
hierarchical pattern, with management staff (M = 3.26) perceiving significantly faster
resolution than junior (M = 2.55) and casual staff (M = 2.37). However, the study found no
significant difference in perceived timeliness between employees in Imo and Delta States,
F(1, 289) = 0.963, p = .327, and no significant interaction effect between employee position
and state, F(3, 289) = 0.243, p = .866. The study concludes that an employee's position is a
key determinant of their experience with grievance resolution, highlighting a systemic
inequity in the public sector that is consistent across different states.
Keywords: Grievance resolution, perceived timeliness, employee position, organizational
justice, public sector.

Okowa Juliet Amaechi
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the potential of electronic procurement (e-procurement) to enhance
project success in Nigeria. The traditional manual procurement system in the Nigerian public
sector faces challenges such as delays, corruption, and lack of transparency, prompting the
need for a digital shift, and justifying this investigation. The study’s objectives include
identifying critical e-procurement technologies, assessing implementation prospects,
examining adoption barriers, and highlighting key drivers. A descriptive quantitative research
design was adopted, incorporating a literature review, structured interviews, and a survey of
100 respondents selected via stratified random sampling from a population group of 150. The
Relative Importance Index (RII) was used for ranking variables, and Spearman’s correlation
assessed relationships among responses. Findings revealed common e-procurement tools such
as email, websites/Web 2.0, ERP systems, EDI, software applications, and cloud computing,
with email being the most used (RII = 0.91). Five prospects, barriers, and drivers were
identified and ranked. Good governance emerged as a key factor in minimizing bidder
collusion, while lack of top management support was a major barrier. Procurement
compliance was noted as a critical driver. The study found that e-procurement can enhance
public procurement efficiency and project outcomes. This research recommends promoting
tool adoption, reinforcing governance structures, securing leadership support, and enforcing
compliance to ensure successful e-procurement implementation in Nigeria.
Keywords: E-procurement, Project success, Barriers to e-procurement, Prospects of e-
procurement, Drivers for e-procurement

C. C. Inwere
ABSTRACT
In order to improve health status and reap the benefits associated with healthy population,
government and policymakers increased budgetary allocation to health sector in Nigeria.
Despite the increased budgetary allocation and rising total health spending, health outcomes
remain relatively poor in Nigeria, thus the need to examine the relationship between health
expenditure and health outcomes. This study investigates the effect of health expenditure on
infant mortality in Nigeria. The Grossman theory provided the theoretical framework for the
study. The study considered infant mortality rate as a measure of health outcome, total health
expenditure, gross domestic product per capita, and carbon emission. All variables were
tested for time series properties using Augmented Dickey Fuller and Philip Peron.
Cointegration among the series was established using Autoregressive Distributive Lag
(ARDL) bound test approach. The ARDL approach allows short run and long run impact of
health expenditure on infant mortality in Nigeria. Data were sourced from World Bank
database and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. Total health spending had
significant negative effect on infant mortality in the short run and long run. The estimated
error correction term is negative and statistically significant, meaning that the model was
adjusted back to equilibrium in the long run at a speed of 08.00%. Gross Domestic Product
per capita is negative and statistically significant in explaining rate of infant mortality.
Increased health expenditures reduced infant mortality in Nigeria. Policymakers should
consider a more targeted and efficient allocation of healthcare resources, develop and
encourage the production base of the economy in other to improve GDP per capita.
Keywords: Total health expenditure, Health outcomes, Infant mortality, Nigeria

Linda Mary Joseph
ABSTRACT
This research investigated the effects of e-procurement adoption on public construction
projects in Akwa Ibom State. The study utilized mixed method, that is, quantitative and
qualitative techniques. A statistical software, SPSS version 2.0 was used for regression
analysis to evaluate the relationships between e-procurement adoption (x1) and its effect on
cost efficiency, project completion time, and quality improvement(y), based on primary data
obtained through administered structured questionnaire from 100 procurement stakeholders.
The hypotheses tested revealed no statistically significant relationship between e?
procurement adoption and cost efficiency. The R-squared value was 0.046, indicating that
4.6% of the variation in quality improvement scores was explained by e-procurement
adoption. Therefore, the hypotheses were rejected at p- value of 0.05 significance level. The
study revealed that the level of e-procurement adoption in the public construction projects in
Akwa Ibom State was still at its nascent stage. The study concluded that the benefits of e?
procurement are contingent upon a supportive environment that includes strong institutional
capacity, well-developed policies and comprehensive project management practices. These
results suggested that while e-procurement holds potential for improving public procurement
processes, its effectiveness is influenced by several factors beyond the technology itself, such
as governance, operational efficiency, and broader systemic challenges. Also, the research
findings indicates that the level of e-procurement adoption on public construction projects in
Akwa Ibom State is still in its nascent stage. Based on the above findings, it is recommended
that the government should put steps in place to upgrade internet connections, subsidize
software cost, and facilitate access to technology as well as frequent training and retraining of
procurement employees in Akwa Ibom state.
Keywords: construction industry, e-procurement adoption, operational efficiency, quality
improvement, projects.

E. A. Udo
ABSTRACT
This study examines how optimizing sales contract frameworks can improve procurement efficiency
among fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) distributors in Owerri, Imo State. The research
addresses persistent challenges in contract structuring, pricing mechanisms, dispute
resolution, and regulatory compliance that undermine procurement performance. Using a
mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative analysis of survey data with
qualitative insights from key informant interviews and document reviews. Descriptive
statistics revealed low variability in contract structuring and automation, suggesting
widespread but uniform adoption. Payment terms showed greater inconsistency, indicating
instability in financial agreements. Pearson correlation results highlighted a positive
relationship between structured contracts and automation (r = 0.742), while rigid contracts
were negatively associated with effective dispute resolution (r = -0.786). Thematic analysis
emphasized the importance of contract flexibility, legal compliance, automation tools, and
adaptive pricing mechanisms. Document review confirmed that 65% of contracts included
price stabilization clauses, and most payment terms ranged between 30–60 days. Dispute
resolution typically relied on arbitration, promoting out-of-court settlements. The study
concludes that well-structured, automated, and compliant contracts enhance procurement
efficiency and supply chain stability. It recommends standardized contract templates, timely
payments, and regular reviews to ensure responsiveness to market and regulatory shifts.
Keywords: Procurement Efficiency, Sales Contract Framework Optimization, FMCG, Legal
Compliance, Automation

Nnenna B. Okoro
ABSTRACT
Stakeholders‟ engagement in construction project remains a key tool for addressing
environmental and social risks management of project delivery. The World Bank
environmental and social framework article ten, emphasizes the objectives and key
requirement for stakeholders‟ engagement in any project if we must achieve ecofriendly
cities, communities and human settlements, which are safe, resilient and sustainable.
Consequently, the study assesses the vital role of involving stakeholders in mitigating
environmental and social risks of project with a view at improving environmental and social
performance index in Uyo and environs. The study employed a two-pronged approach to
acquire data in line with the study‟s objectives. It adopted inferential and descriptive
statistical techniques to investigate the level of impact of selected environmental and social
risks to project delivery, the Stakeholders and their importance in the mitigation process, the
frequency in which they are involved and their benefits. Results of the study showed heavy
impact of environmental and social risks on project delivery and recommended the early
involvement of community locals as critical stakeholders in the project life cycle,
establishment of a monitoring and evaluation system for environmental and social risks of
project. It identified stakeholders important to projects and advocates a comprehensive
stakeholder management plan that outline concerns and interest in a project. These promote
informed decision-making and guaranteed an end user‟s participation approach in project
implementation. It also enables construction experts to assess and timely manage
environmental and social risks, comply with regulations, maintain a good reputation with
stakeholders and promote sustainable practices during construction.
Keywords: Environmental and social risks, project delivery, stakeholders, mitigation
process.

G. N. Edet
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the impact of stakeholders’ engagement on successive project
delivery in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study employed a quantitative research design. A
sample size of 133 respondents was drawn from a population of 200 procurement
professionals. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were applied to analyze data of the study.
Research hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 of significance. The p-values
obtained are: 0.012; 0. 040; 0.030; 0.032; 0.032; and 0. 015. Conclusions made by the study
include: a significant relationship exists between stakeholders’ engagement and successive
project delivery in Nigeria; and that a significant relationship exists between severity index
analysis of the factors affecting stakeholders’ engagement and successive project delivery in
Nigeria. Recommendations proposed by the study include: prior to beginning any project,
organizations must develop a comprehensive plan for engaging stakeholders. The study made
contributions to knowledge by providing empirical evidence supporting the critical role of
stakeholder engagement in the successful delivery of projects; and the study provides
practical guidelines and recommendations that project managers can apply to enhance
stakeholder engagement in their projects. The study’s outcome will be beneficial to both the
academic literature and practical application, by providing a foundation for organizations
aiming to improve their level “stakeholder engagement” and participation in project delivery
across Nigeria.
Keywords: ANOVA, execution, stakeholder engagement, quantitative test, project delivery.

Juliet Amaka Emodi
ABSTRACT
The study examined ―Developing a Framework for Integrating Circular Economy Principles
into Public Procurement‖. The study aimed to develop a comprehensive framework for
integrating circular economic principles into public procurement processes in Nigeria, using a
case study approach to explore practical applications and outcomes. The study employed a
mixed research design comprising quantitative data and case study approach. The quantitative
aspect utilized a sample size of 110 respondents who were drawn from a population of 150
procurement professionals. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were applied to analyze the
quantitative data. Two research hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of
significance. The p-values obtained are: 0.01; 0.00; 0.28 and 0.49 respectively. H01 was
rejected, while H02 was accepted. The results show that: there are potential positive impacts
of integrating circular economy principles into public procurement on sustainability in
Nigeria; and a novel framework was developed to facilitate the integration of circular
economy principles into public procurement practices in Nigeria. The study recommends
among others, training and capacity building of procurement professionals who are to
implement ―Circular Economy‖ principles. The study contributed by developing a framework
that public sector organizations can use to integrate circular economy principles into their
procurement processes.
Keywords: Circular economy; regulatory compliance; capacity building; resource efficiency;
community engagement.

S.B. IMO
ABSTRACT
Flooding is a persistent and escalating hazard globally, with profound socio-economic
consequences, particularly in flood-prone regions such as Kogi State, Nigeria. This study
aims to assess the effectiveness of a flood early warning system (FEWS) and risk reduction
strategies in mitigating flood impacts in flood-prone communities of Kogi State. The research
employs a mixed-methods approach, combining Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for
flood risk mapping and community-based participatory assessments. The study investigates
key factors influencing flood vulnerability, including socio-economic characteristics of
residents, community awareness, preparedness, and the role of Flood Vanguards. GIS-based
flood vulnerability maps were developed based on factors such as land use, elevation,
rainfall, and proximity to water bodies, highlighting significant flood-prone zones. A multi?
stage sampling technique was used to select 12 communities across six local government
areas (LGAs), with data collected through household surveys, Key Informant Interviews
(KIIs), Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and field observations. The findings indicate a high
vulnerability to flooding in low-lying areas with dense human activity and poor drainage
systems. Additionally, community-based initiatives, particularly the Flood Vanguards, have
shown potential in enhancing preparedness and response. The study concludes that
integrating GIS-based risk assessments with community-driven flood management strategies
can significantly improve flood resilience in Kogi State. The findings provide insights into
the need for targeted flood mitigation measures that address technical and community-based
aspects of flood risk management.
Keywords: Flood early warning system, GIS, flood vulnerability, community-based flood
management, flood vanguards, risk reduction strategies.

H. O. John-Nwagwu
ABSTRACT
This study examines how social media usage influences the academic outcomes of students in
the Social Studies Department of the Federal College of Education, Eha-Amufu. As digital
communication platforms increasingly shape student behaviour and learning environments,
concerns have arisen regarding their potential to disrupt academic focus. Adopting a
descriptive survey methodology, the study collected data from 146 respondents using
structured questionnaires. Findings indicate that while social media platforms such as
WhatsApp and Facebook facilitate peer interaction and knowledge sharing, they also pose
significant distractions, particularly by reducing study time and concentration. The paper
concludes by recommending digital literacy initiatives, responsible usage awareness, and
academic support interventions to help mitigate the adverse effects of social media on
students' educational achievement.
Keywords: Social media, Academic performance, High education institute, Social Studies
Department, Nigeria

Boris Happy ODALONU
ABSTRACT
Sustainability of agricultural lands ensures sustainable crop production. Continuous
monitoring of the already impoverished soil fertility status of farm lands and producing a
digitize soil fertility and suitability maps will be a step toward redefining the farm
management practices adoption by farmers in the bid to sustain soil fertility and improve crop
yield. This study aimed at assessment of the soil fertility status of agricultural lands and
establishing the land suitability map of the area. The LGA was purposively chosen as a pilot
study and soils were collected from the two Chiefdoms, namely Kagoro and Moroa. Soil
samples were collected and composite from agricultural lands within a soil depth of 0-20cm.
The sampling produced 12 samples of soils from cultivated and uncultivated lands, while 6
soil samples were collected from dug pit profiles. The collected soils were taken to laboratory
for analyses. The result of the textural class of the soils was loamy to sandy loam soil in
nature. The pH ranged from 6.6 to 7.3 percent. EC was low (2-4ds/m) to non-saline (0-
2ds/m), total nitrogen (0.2-1.0 percent), organic carbon (
(12 Meq/100g).
The soil parameters were within acceptable and favorable threshold limits considered ideal
and good for the cultivation and sustenance of plant growth. The suitability rating for crop
production was found to be moderate (S2), marginal (S3) and non-suitable (N1) due to
certain constraints. The study recommends that for agricultural lands to be sustained, the soil
fertility constraints should be addressed by adopting appropriate cultural practices including
organic manuring, mulching, planting of legumes and cover cropping among others.
Similarly, sustainable practices that will help to mitigate any negative findings should be
implemented.
Keywords: Soil; fertility; agricultural lands; suitability, sustainability

R. A. Bonet
ABSTRACT
This study explores optimal budgeting practices for procurement departments in public sector
institutions, using the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement
Agency (NESREA) in Nigeria as a case study. Employing a mixed-methods research design
that integrates surveys and interviews, this study examines critical inefficiencies in the
procurement budgeting process of NESREA. These inefficiencies encompass delays in
approval workflows, misalignment with strategic objectives, inaccuracies in data, and
inadequate responsiveness to market fluctuations. The research is anchored in the
frameworks of Public Choice Theory, Resource-Based View, and Performance-Based
Budgeting, which elucidate the institutional, behavioral, and operational challenges
identified. The findings indicate that while NESREA exhibits moderate effectiveness and
compliance, there are evident deficiencies in transparency, risk management, and
interdepartmental coordination. Based on empirical evidence, the study advocates for the
digitization of approval processes, improved interdepartmental communication, the adoption
of automated budgeting tools, the establishment of contingency reserves, and a closer
alignment of budgeting efforts with national development goals. These recommendations are
intended to enhance procurement performance, financial accountability, and strategic
coherence. The implications of this study extend beyond NESREA, providing practical
insights for broader public financial management reform in Nigeria. It contributes to the body
of knowledge by linking theoretical models with practical applications and offering a
context-specific framework for improving budgeting practices in environmental and
regulatory public institutions.
Keywords: Public procurement, budgeting practices, NESREA, strategic alignment,
government compliance, data reliability.

C. C. Nwanze
ABSTRACT
Public procurement plays a pivotal role in shaping economic development and governance,
particularly within emerging economies such as Nigeria. The Public Procurement Act (PPA)
of 2007 was instituted to reform Nigeria’s procurement system by enhancing transparency,
competitiveness, and accountability. This study employs a mixed-methods approach to
evaluate the Act’s effectiveness, integrating survey data from 200 procurement stakeholders
across federal Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) in Abuja with in-depth
interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative analyses, including regression and chi?
square tests, indicate moderate awareness of the Act but underscore significant
implementation challenges, notably political interference, capacity gaps, weak legal
enforcement, and limited adoption of digital tools. The Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP)
is constrained by insufficient autonomy and resources, leading to inconsistent compliance.
Although PPA provides a robust legal framework, its practical impact is impeded by systemic
institutional weaknesses and informal practices. The study recommends enhancing
enforcement capacity, increasing the adoption of e-procurement, and developing a specialized
procurement cadre. The findings contribute to the literature on procurement governance and
propose reform pathways to improve procurement efficiency and public trust in Nigeria.
Keywords: Public Procurement Act, procurement reform, BPP, governance, transparency,
corruption

M. I. Abanobi
ABSTRACT
Insecurity in Nigeria is becoming a recurrent event. The activities of perpetrators of
insecurity have implications on food security. Imo State, in South East Nigeria, has
experienced several cases of insecurity. This study therefore, examines the effects of
insecurity on food security in Imo State. The specific objectives include: to find out the
causes of insecurity in Imo State, assess the effect of insecurity on agricultural activities in
Imo State, determine how insecurity affect food availability and nutrition in Imo State, find
out how insecurity affect food prices in Imo State, explore the strategies for enhancing food
security in Imo State. The study was guided by the Frustration Aggression Theory. The study
used the quantitative survey research design. Taro Yamane formula was adopted for sample
size determination. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select sample size of
369 who were given copies of questionnaire to fill and submit. However, only 363 were
retrieved for analysis. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Data was
analyzed using both inferential and non-inferential statistical tools. Findings also revealed the
effect of insecurity on agricultural activities in Imo State to include; inability to access farms,
insecurity influences decision to invest in agricultural inputs, insecurity has negative effect on
agricultural activities. Findings also revealed how insecurity affects food prices by causing
rapid increase in food price, the instability in food prices, due to constant surge in food prices
during periods of insecurity, insecurity influences availability of affordable food options. The
study recommended that government should address the root causes of insecurity in order to
avert insecurity which usually has effect on food security. It was further recommended that
government should establish food security agency to coordinate food security issue. This
study contributes to knowledge by establishing the factors that causes insecurity in Imo State
and also proffered workable solutions.
Keyword: Insecurity; aggression; food security; food prices; quantitative; and affordable

C.N. Moses
ABSTRACT
Rapid urbanization driven by population growth in many cities like Lagos State continues to
put pressure on available state resources. One of these critical resources are emergency
services provided by the police, fire services and hospitals. This study evaluated the
distribution of these facilities in Lagos Mainland LGA and assessed the perception of
residents on service quality, while also examining challenges to optimum delivery from the
perspective of providers. Field surveys to acquire the locational coordinates of facilities and
social surveys to collect perception data were carried out. Four (4) police stations and general
hospitals each, and three (3) fire stations were identified. Fire incidents were the most
significant emergencies experienced by residents and about 77 percent requested for service
through phone calls to providers. Inadequate resources and equipment were the primary
challenges identified by providers (50 percent) and as expected, 44 percent suggested
investment in equipment upgrade as the urgent intervention required. The study
recommended collaboration with private providers to augment emergency service among
others.
Keywords: Emergency, Perception, Service, Response, Collaboration

Adebola Oluwatimilehin DARAMOLA
ABSTRACT
The widespread public backlash that followed Nigerian Education Ministry on fixing the age
of students for terminal examinations such WAEC, NECO and UTME at 18 years was
intense. Even though the decision has been reversed, it became imperative to conduct an
empirical study on the cognitive and affective capabilities of the 16 years old students who
currently occupied the terminal classes in Nigeria secondary schools toward ascertaining their
readiness for these examinations. Judging from the perspective of the secondary school
physics teachers, this study examined the cognitive and affective capabilities of 16 years old
SS3 physics students in relation to their readiness for these examinations. The study
employed a descriptive survey design and utilized a validated four-point Likert scale
questionnaire titled ―Physics Teachers' Perception on Physics Students’ Cognitive and
Affective Capabilities (PHYTEPS-CAC)‖ for data gathering via the Science Teachers
Association of Nigeria (STAN) platform. The ―google form‖ questionnaire with reliability
coefficient of 0.82 which was computed through Cronbach Alpha was distributed virtually to
163 physics teachers who were selected through convenient sampling technique. The
collected data was analysed using the descriptive statistics of percentages, mean and standard
deviations while the hypotheses raised were answered using t-test and ANOVA at 0.05
significance level. Although, the perceptions of the teachers were influenced by factors such
as academic qualifications, school ownership and location, it was revealed that students
below 18 years benchmark have the cognitive and affective capabilities to take WAEC,
NECO and UTME. Such students should be barred from taking terminal examination.
Keywords: Cognitive, affective, capabilities, terminal examinations, benchmark policy

Jamiu Oluwadamilare AMUSA
ABSTRACT
Selecting the right contractual model is essential for the success of construction projects. This
paper reviews commonly used models such as Design-Bid-Build (DBB), Unit Price,
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), and Public-Private Partnership (PPP), pointing out their
strengths and weaknesses, as well as their fit for different project conditions. This study
adopted a mixed-methods approach that included a literature review, surveys, and expert
interviews to assess these models based on criteria like cost, time, risk allocation, quality, and
stakeholder collaboration. The results indicate that while traditional models like DBB are still
widely used, innovative approaches like IPD and PPP are gaining popularity in tackling
modern project challenges.
Keywords: Design-bid-build, unit price, integrated project delivery, public-private partnership,
assessment.

J.J. Barango
ABSTRACT
Climate change and land use/ land cover (LULC) dynamics had critically alter hydrological
processes, yet their combined impacts on water resources in tropical basins remain poorly
quantified. This study employs the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to evaluate
the effects of LULC changes (2017–2024) on hydrological components in Nigeria’s Anambra
River Basin (ARB), a region crucial for agriculture and water supply. Using a 30 m DEM,
235 subbasins and 2,626 Hydrological Response Units (HRUs) were delineated, integrating
climate data from NASA POWER and LULC maps from Sentinel-2. Results reveal
significant LULC shifts, forest cover declined by 24.9 percent, while built-up areas and
rangeland expanded by 79.1 percent and 45.3 percent, respectively. These changes drove
spatially heterogeneous hydrological responses: surface runoff increased by 5.7 percent in
flooded vegetation but decreased in agricultural lands (−4.4 percent), while groundwater
recharge was highest in forests (791.57 mm) and lowest in urban areas (472.34 mm).
Evapotranspiration (ET) varied sharply, with flooded vegetation experiencing a 13.4 percent
decline due to reduced water retention. Drought resilience analysis ranked forested areas as
most resilient (high AWC and GWQ), whereas urban and agricultural lands exhibited high
vulnerability. The study underscores the compounding effects of LULC change and climate
variability, highlighting the urgent need for integrated water management strategies to
mitigate flood risks and sustain groundwater recharge in tropical monsoonal basins such as
the Anambra River Basin.
Keywords: Hydrological variable, SWAT model, Land use change, Anambra River basin

Amara E. UZOR-TOTTY
ABTRACT This paper makes an attempt to give an overview of Nigeria’s water and hydrological resources and their sustainable management for national developments. Nigeria’s water and hydrological sources which include surface water, underground water, numerous rivers and dams and drainage basins were reviewed. Various contributions of these resources for national development were discussed. The paper also discussed the activities of federal ministry of water resources and various parastatals and agencies saddled with the responsibility of controlling and managing water and hydrological resources of Nigeria. Also, challenges facing utilization and management of water resources in Nigeria were highlighted. However, multi-faceted approach and several key strategies towards ensuring sustainable management of water and hydrological resources for national development were likewise suggested. Keywords: Nigeria, water resources, sustainable management, national development.

OYEDEMI OYELEKAN ADEYEMO
ABSTRACT This study investigates the influence of managerial attributes on small-scale business success using a descriptive survey design. The population comprises business owners and managers from registered small-scale businesses in Onitsha Metropolis. Purposive/judgmental sampling were used in selecting 215 respondents that are business owners (150) and managers (65). Data generated from a five-point likert scale score were coded and analyzed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS version 27.0. The results of the assessments of Cronbach's alpha coefficients for risk-taking gives 0.748, interpersonal relationships gives 0.722, work motivation offers (0.714), while small scale business Success gives 0.729 respectively. Thus, revealing high level of tool reliability. The regression model of the relationship among and between the tested variables sustain positive co-efficient, while the test of influence between independent and each dependent variable in the series led to a conclusion that good interpersonal relationship skills, work motivation skills, and willingness have statistically significant influence on business success. The study therefore, recommends that business owners and allied stakeholders should foster positive interpersonal relationships to achieve greater business successes through improve interpersonal communication and mentoring programs to boost sustainability in business skills and growth. Keywords: Managerial attributes, interpersonal relationship, work motivation, risk-taking, small-scale business success

Amina SANI
ABSTRACT
This study sought to find out the teacher’s perception on the influence of corruption on public secondary educational system in Osun Sate. The study used descriptive survey type. The study was carried out in 9 Local Governments; a sample of 270 teachers in all the 9 local governments was used for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 27 public secondary schools in the selected local governments. Questionnaire was designed to collect data from the respondents and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency count, mean, standard deviation and simple percentage. The result was tested for significance at 0.05 levels. The study revealed that eradication of corrupt practice in Nigeria Educational System will enhance effective training of students that can contribute to the nation building. It was recommended among others that Parent-Teacher-Association should be revived in secondary schools; functional training for good character formation in adolescents should be a joint responsibility of parents and teachers. Bad behaviour is infectious on their students; teachers proven to be engaged in corrupt practices should be sanctioned appropriately, amongst others Keywords: Corruption, teachers’ perceptions, public school, influence

Afeez Wasiu Ayobami
ABSTRACT
The entrenchment of godfatherism in Nigeria’s political architecture poses a formidable challenge to democratic consolidation and effective governance. This paper critically interrogates the complex interplay between political godfatherism and administrative performance in Nigeria, highlighting the paradoxes it creates within democratic institutions and public service delivery. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data, including case studies from select Nigerian states, the study explores how political godfathers influence electoral outcomes, policy direction, and bureaucratic appointments—often prioritizing loyalty over merit, thus undermining institutional capacity and public accountability. The paper situates godfatherism within Nigeria’s broader political economy, tracing its historical roots to the patron-client structures inherited from colonial and post-independence governance. It further examines the implications for democratic representation, fiscal discipline, and policy continuity, revealing a persistent tension between private interest and public good. However, the analysis also identifies emerging prospects for reform, including the growing role of civil society, electoral reforms, judicial interventions, and the digital empowerment of the electorate. By offering a nuanced evaluation of both the systemic dysfunctions and the transformative opportunities within Nigeria’s political landscape, this study contributes to the discourse on democratic governance in Africa. It concludes with strategic recommendations aimed at curbing the excesses of godfatherism and promoting a more transparent, accountable, and citizen-centered administrative framework. Keywords: Godfatherism, Nigeria, Governance, Political Patronage, Public Administration.

Ezendah Okparanta
ABSTRACT
The study investigated the principal component facilitator groups that influence the implementation success of community based public procurement model for works contracts in Imo State Nigeria. It also assessed the success rate and rate of delay in project delivery associated with the use of community based public procurement models for works contracts in the state. The study used survey research design method which comprised of questionnaire and checklist for collection of primary data from Imo State Oil Producing Areas Development Commission (ISOPADEC) funded projects, in oil bearing communities in three LGAs. The data obtained were analyzed using Principal component Analysis (PCA), the log linear multiple regression analysis, and the descriptive statistics. The result of the study indicates that the determinant community-based facilitator groups that significantly influence the successful use of community based public procurement model for works contracts in Nigerian communities include: the community-based project development board (DEVOPmember), the infrastructure security and safety committee (SAFoverseer), the community based supply contractors (SUPcontractors) and the use of the community based project advisory board (ADboard). Each of these significant components has Eigen values greater than 1.0. The findings of the study also show that the coefficient of the success rate of public works project executed with the use of community based public procurement model (CBPM) is 76.57%. The coefficient of average delay in the execution and delivery of public works project executed relative to the use of CBPM is 6.7 months. Also, there is no significant relationship between the success rate of public works project in Imo State communities and the contributions of the determinant community based facilitator groups in the use of community based procurement models for works contracts. This study recommends for the adoption of better strategies to avert delays in the delivery of public projects executed using CBPM Keywords: public-works, community-based-procurement, logistics, project, success-rate, project-delivery

Theresa Onyemaechi Anyanwu
ABSTRACT
The rates at which man-made and natural disasters occur as well as their frequencies and destructive effects are becoming alarming. Their effects constitute serious threats to the world developmental strides. This study therefore investigates the roles being played by the media, especially the radio in disaster management using some radio stations within the Kaduna metropolis, the work also examines the media's involvement in disaster management, and the role of radio stations in raising awareness about disaster preparedness and risk reduction measures, identifying the challenges encounter by radio stations in providing disaster-related information to the public in line with international best practices. The findings reveal that the vast majority of the populace in Kaduna Metropolis believes that the Radio stations are the most effective medium for raising awareness on disaster within the metropolis as reported by 62.9 percent of the respondents. Furthermore radio stations promote community participation and engagement in recovery activities after a disaster. In conclusion roles have endeared the radio stations to the public as the most reliable means of getting information on disasters; which as a result, has contributed to the high patronage they get from stakeholders in disaster management. The study therefore recommends that, radio station should be equipped with backup power and communication systems so that they can provide emergency information during disasters. Keywords: Radio stations, media, disaster management, Metropolis, community

Bashir Yakubu LIMAN
ABSTRACT Investigating the Factors Responsible for Delay in Procurement of Public Works Contract in Nigeria is presented. The aim of the study was to Analyze of factors responsible for delay in procurement processes of works contract in Nigeria. The study employed quantitative data using structured online survey instrument. A sample size of 109 respondents were drawn from a population of 150 procurement professionals. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were applied to analyze data of the study. Two research hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The p-values obtained are: 0.000; 0.000; 0.000; and 0.020. Conclusions made by the study include: corruption is a significant factor causing delays in procurement of works contracts in Nigeria; and that stakeholders have significant roles to play in the delays of procurement of works contracts in Nigeria. The study made the following recommendations: the federal government of Nigeria and the respective States governments should establish robust monitoring and evaluation systems to track the progress of works contracts; and the public sector should adopt and apply e-procurement technologies to improve transparency, by cutting down on paperwork, and expedite the procurement process. The study has contributed to knowledge by offering good insights to comprehending the factors that cause delays in procurement of public works and proffered multimodal strategy to solve them, which includes modernizing procurement technologies, guaranteeing timely funding, improving the capabilities of procurement staff, use of E-procurement and streamlining regulatory processes. The study’s outcome will be beneficial to policymakers, procurement professionals and Nigeria's procurement system. Keywords: Instrument, descriptive, quantitative, statistics, e-procurement, p-values

U. Ewaibe
ABSTRACT
The Igbo race stands out as one of the groups in the world with the highest diasporas presence outside their homeland. They are scattered all over the world, across the continents and countries. As widespread as Igbo Diasporas in foreign lands, so are their wealth, investments and resources. Unfortunately, the Igbo diasporas presence around the world and their achievements have not been much felt or impacted on the development and industrialization of the home front. Many years of success and lack of commensurate impact, amidst enormous wealth under their control have not reflected in the domestic economy. It is this situation that gave rise to the new popular slogan and initiative, „Aku Ruo Ulo‟ as an inspiration and challenging call beckoning the Igbo diasporas to bring their wealth home for development and transformation of Igbo heartland of South East Nigeria. This study examined the role of Igbo diasporas in the development of Igboland in line with „Aku Ruo Ulo‟ philosophy. The study is a qualitative research derived from secondary sources of data and guided by the Cohen Diaspora theoretical foundation. The paper recommends among other things, the adoption and promotion of „Aku Ruo Ulo‟ philosophy among Igbo diasporas for the development of Igbo homeland. Keywords: Igbo, diaspora, development, southeast, aku ruo ulo,

Praxede C. EGEONU
ABSTRACT The paper examined the Impact of insecurity on academic achievement of secondary school students in Orlu Local Government Area of Imo State. In line with the purpose of study, three research questions were formulated for guidance. It utilized a descriptive survey design. Six Hundred and Fifty-Four (654) teachers from the nine (9) selected Secondary School in Orlu Local Government Area of Imo State formed the population out of which 315 teachers were sampled through simple random sampling technique which comprised 35 teachers in 9 selected schools. Structured Questionnaire which the researcher prepared and was validated by experts in Measurement and Evaluation was the only instrument for the study. Mean was the statistical tools used to carry out analysis and the result among others showed that causes of school insecurity were identified to include lack of school fence, lack of use of well-trained security guard’s poor security knowledge by some school administrators, incomprehensive school security policy guide lines. It was recommended among others that Imo State Government in conjunction with Orlu Local Government should make a concerted effort in prioritize and address insecurity as it is fundamental to improving academic achievement in the affected areas. Secondly, Imo State should implement and reinforce robust security measures within schools, supported by proactive counselling services and comprehensive support systems to alleviate students’ fears and create an environment conducive to learning. There is need for stakeholders in the education sector to foster open communication channels within schools to encourage dialogue about safety concerns and ensure that students feel heard and supported. Keywords: Academic achievement, impact, insecurity, secondary school, students

Chidi I. NWOKEDI
ABSTRACT
This paper looks at the usefulness of financial inclusion in aiding entrepreneurship in the underserved communities in Umuahia South, Umuahia North, Ikwuano, Isiala Ngwa South and Isiala Ngwa North that make up Abia Central District. Despite the efforts of the key financial institutions or players and the Central Bank of Nigeria, the improvement is still uneven. Recent reports indicate some improvement, with formal financial inclusion growing from 56 percent in 2020 to 64 percent in 2023 (EFInA A2F 2023). Despite this, the exclusion rate still stands at 36 percent as of the first half of 2024, falling short of the Central Bank of Nigeria's target of achieving 95 percent financial inclusion by 2024. That suggests that there are still majority of business owners who do not have access to financial information and products. This study employed survey format to point out the extent of financial inclusion in the study area, to assess how it affects the growth of business in the underserved areas and to find out the factors influencing their effectiveness. The outcomes show that there is a strong relationship between the accessibility of banking services, loan or credit facilities and financial products and entrepreneurial development in the underserved communities. Suggestions or recommendations from this study include intensifying efforts to educate business owners in the underserved communities about financial processes and programs, easy access to credit facilities, and the use of financial digital tools, to achieve even economic growth. Keywords: Digital banking, credit availability, rural entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, and Abia Central District

Odinakachi Augustine Nwafor
ABSTRACT
The study aimed at examining the influence of digital strategies and integrated channels on value creation in the Nigerian banking sector. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between digital channel accessibility, digital platform usability, and digital innovation adoption on customer satisfaction. Using the purposeful sampling technique, the study sampled 141 respondents from five money deposit banks across three states of South East Nigeria. Applying the Pearson Moment correlation coefficient analysis, the study found a negative significant correlation between digital channel accessibility and customer satisfaction. It was also found that the relationship between digital platform usability and customer satisfaction are moderately negatively and significantly related. Finally, the study found a moderate negative significant correlation between digital innovation adoption and customer satisfaction. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that banks should not only increase their digital channel accessibility but also ensure that these channels are high-quality, reliable, and meet customer expectations. Banks should focus on improving the user experience, reliability, and support for their digital channels to enhance customer satisfaction. Keywords: Digital strategy, integrated channel, value creation, customer satisfaction

Forstina Chioma ECHETAMA
ABSTRACT
Music, as a profession is talent-driven; and most often, some performers, vis-à-vis some directors/or managers are much endowed with the innate ability, while some are less talented. This therefore calls for some collaborative efforts of both the talented and less talented to make a musical out-fit a coherent and formidable whole; and the onus, as a matter of fact falls on the ability of the Choral Director or Manager to discover and as well fashion out a way to integrate the two categories of performers into a meaningful whole for effective musical performance. This paper therefore has as its main focus, an attempt to explore the choral management antecedents amongst the contemporary choral musical groups within the Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State. To achieve this objective, the researchers applied scientific/historical and musicological methods of research in gathering data for the study. Efforts were made in discussing matters on choral management tips, musical and extra musical qualities of a choral conductor, as well as conducting techniques since conducting is seen as generalship in the battle field of music; can make or mar a musical performance. Briefs from some individual choral conductors/directors on their choral groups were also considered. The outcome shows that fusion of musicological training and natural talents are key to effective and successful choral music management. Keywords: Music, performance, choral management, conduct

Obiesie, Ezekiel N. C.
ABSTRACT
The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has generated significant discussions regarding its impact on students' academic performance. This study investigates the integration of ICT in Social Studies education within the context of the digital era, with particular focus on secondary school students. Over the years, ICT has increasingly been adopted in educational systems globally and has become a fundamental part of classroom instruction in both developed and developing countries, including Nigeria. Its integration into the Nigerian educational system has contributed to meaningful educational reforms, particularly at the secondary school level. As part of the Social Studies curriculum implementation, teachers are now expected to utilize ICT tools in their teaching processes. This study highlights that ICT tools – such as internet resources, computer-mediated instruction, Twitter, YouTube, Telegram, and other digital platforms – can significantly enhance both instructional delivery and students’ learning outcomes. The adoption of ICT for teaching Social Studies in this digital era is, therefore, essential for ensuring an effective and engaging teaching and learning process for both teachers and students. Keywords: Communication, digital era, information, integration, technology

Okereke Ifeyinwa
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the sustainable outcomes achieved through procurement practices, focusing on their environmental impacts in the South-south and South-est regions of Nigeria. Sustainable Procurement, a key component of sustainable development, seeks to balance economic, social and environmental considerations. Data were collected through surveys and interviews analysing procurement processes across public and private sectors. The findings reveal variations between the two regions in the adoption of environmentally friendly procurement practices. The South-South region, with its reliance on oil-based industries, faces greater environmental challenges but has made strides in addressing waste management and pollution. Meanwhile, the South West region demonstrates better integration of green procurement policies, particularly in urban planning and infrastructure. This study highlights the importance of regional context in shaping procurement outcomes and offers recommendations for enhancing environmental sustainability in Nigeria. Keywords: Sustainable outcomes, procurement, environment, South-south, South-west

Onome E. OGUJOR
ABSTRACT
Education is an all-round exercise that has to do with the development of a holistic man. Social Studies education which is society-specific and multi-dimensional as it acts across different disciplines and investigates different aspects of human endeavour, is in a good position to develop the individual holistically, including instilling or invoking the spirit of entrepreneurship which is part and parcel of education. This study discusses the concept of entrepreneurship/entrepreneurship education, the rationale behind its introduction in Nigeria higher institutions, its objectives and ways of achieving the objectives of entrepreneurship education through Social Studies education, with emphasis on the cultural aspect of human endeavour. It made some useful suggestions and ended with a conclusion that entrepreneurship education remains a vital an instrument for the actualization of the extrinsic value of education since it equips the individuals with the right skills for acquiring wealth. Keyboards: Education, entrepreneur, entrepreneurship education, invoke, social studies.

Anyanwu, Happiness Chidumam
ABSTRACT
This paper titled, „Evaluating the interactions between, theology economy and national security‟ is not only timely but also succinct given the importance of theology in sharpening and re-sharpening national existence and development. While theology focuses on understanding the nature of God and His relationship with humanity, economy and national security are foundational concepts which are necessary for building and egalitarian society. With the aid of library and qualitative analysis, the paper aimed at contributing its intellectual quota in not just exhuming the critical vantage of Christian theology to economic development and national security but also spelling out the expected roles of theological knowledge towards economic progression and promotion of national security. To this end, it reveals that theological studies both in present and past times have significantly contributed towards the progress and curbing the menace of insecurity. It is envisaged that doing theology in this unique time and age requires not just passive intellectual demagogue but a rational and passionate engagement in the plight of the people viz-a-viz stimulating a theology of stewardship and responsibility which would cause both the leadership and the led to take the issue of national rebirth much more seriously. Specifically, this paper established the link between the three concepts: theology, economy and national security and evinced that theology is a veritable tool for social transformation. Keywords: Theology, evaluation, economy, interaction, national security

OPARA, Festus Chukwunyere
ABSTRACT
Contrary to what can be observed in other established democracies, every election cycle in Nigeria seems to be marred with irregularities and followed by acrimony. This is further shown by the litany of election-related matters that are brought to the courts and election tribunals. This situation makes it necessary to interrogate the nature of political culture in the country and the process of political socialization that is practised. The paper therefore sought to establish a general understanding of political culture, and apply this to determine if Nigeria has a political culture; if it did, what type of culture this was. Equally, the process of political socialization in the Nigerian context was examined. From the investigations, it can be deduced that whereas a democratic political system (the type Nigeria purports to practice) requires a political culture that encourages political participation, the process of political socialization discourages active participation. There is therefore the need for the leading political actors to encourage political participation. This can be done by pursuing multiculturalism and nation-building instead of devolving to tribal and ethnic camps. Equally, a movement towards true fiscal federalism by giving more autonomy/ resources to the states so that each can develop at their own pace will increase the sense of ownership of the nation and its political processes. Keywords: Political culture, political participation, political socialization, nation-building

Perpetua O. Ezeji
ABSTRACT
Increases in the temperatures across many epochs, has exacerbated thermal discomfort in buildings. Ambience in air temperature and mean radiant temperature are becoming lost experiences in some conventional building prototypes. Hence, thermal sensations of heat and skin wetness have rubbed off on the occupants of the vulnerable buildings. Climatic changes have been contributory to it. Its harrowing impact has occupied the epicenter of many researches in architecture. This study sets out to examine climate change and thermal comfort in buildings. It adopted the review of climatic studies from 1971 to 2005 climatic years in Northern Nigeria. The temperature and rainfall data of eleven meteorological stations were obtained in the study area. They were analyzed with Linear Regression technique. The results showed an upward trend for most of the stations and for both indicators. The study concluded that the values for temperature and rainfall are increasing in majority of the stations, though with differing steepness in slopes. However, downward trends in temperature and rainfall were evinced in minority of the stations. Therefore, the study recommends: utilization of location-specific/climate-adaptive architecture, creation of architectural-meteorological synergy, strategic maintenance of ambient air quality and temperature and climate site analysis in the study area. Keywords: Climate change, thermal comfort, meteorological stations, buildings.

Dr. Toochukwu Acho AGIRIGA
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the effect of board characteristics on the financial performance of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria, focusing on board size and board independence. It addresses a critical gap in understanding how these governance mechanisms influence performance, measured by Return on Assets (ROA). The inconsistency in past research findings on the nexus between board characteristics and financial outcomes prompted this examination within the Nigerian banking sector, characterized by regulatory pressures and corporate governance reforms. Secondary data was collected from the annual reports of ten listed DMBs spanning the period 2014 to 2023. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and panel data techniques based on robust least squares regression, were used to analyze the data. The methodology accounted for non-normality and heteroscedasticity in the dataset, using Huber regression and M-estimation procedures to reduce the influence of outliers. The findings indicate that board independence has a statistically significant positive effect on ROA (p-value = 0.0271), suggesting that a higher proportion of independent directors enhances governance and positively impacts financial performance. Conversely, board size showed no significant effect on ROA. The results suggest that while board independence enhances performance, increasing board size do not automatically lead to better financial outcomes. The study concludes that effective governance in the Nigerian banking sector requires a holistic approach that prioritizes the quality of board composition and independence over mere structural attributes and recommends that regulatory bodies prioritize board independence in governance reforms, as it has a measurable impact on financial performance. Keywords: Board characteristics, board independence, board size, financial performance, return on asset

Kelechi Callistus NWANKWO
ABSTRACT
The development of socio-economic infrastructure is fundamental evidence to economic growth and development. Socio-economic infrastructure encompasses of a wide range of physical structures, facilities and systems that support and promote economic activities. Most developing countries with insufficient socio-economic infrastructures can hardly create an enabling environment for economic growth and national development nor attract foreign direct investment and other key sectors of the economy. Currently, Nigeria is involved in this deplorable state. Hence, the objective of this study is to critically examine the challenges facing the socio-economic infrastructural development in Nigeria. Anchoring on structural functionalist theory, the following sources of data collection were utilized: journal publications, internet, textbooks, government documents etc. More so the paper makes use of descriptive and historical approach as its methodological orientation. Based on the findings of the study, the paper recommends the following: establishing a viable public private partnership, steering economic diversification and structural changes, encouraging domestic market development, embracing socio-economic infrastructure technology, skills and methodologies, ensuring efficiency and reduction of cost of material for infrastructural development among others. Key Words: Challenges, Development, Economic Growth, Infrastructure, Socio-Economic Development.

Peace Ijeoma EJIEJI-EZEIBE
ABSTRACT
This study delves into Nigerian secondary school teachers' perspectives on the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in large class sizes. The areas of the study were Abia and Imo States. The population of the study comprised all the 477 senior secondary school teachers (182 males and 295 females) in Aba North Local Government Area of Abia State and 285 senior secondary school teachers (65 males and 220 females) in Owerri Municipal Council in Imo State, numbering 762. The sample of the study was 142 respondents through the analysis of five research questions; the research provides insights into teachers' perceptions, challenges, opportunities, and professional development needs regarding AI integration. Findings reveal a moderate to high significance placed by participants on AI integration in large classes, indicating a general recognition of its potential benefits. However, significant variability exists in teachers' opinions and experiences, reflecting the complexity of system integration. Teachers' concerns encompass technical competency, pedagogical ideals, resource access, and institutional support. While some educators embrace AI to enhance teaching and learning, others express skepticism or apprehension regarding its impact on traditional roles and student outcomes. Ethical and sociological implications of AI in education are recognized, necessitating considerations of justice, openness, accountability, and privacy. Addressing ethical concerns is crucial for ensuring equitable access and mitigating disparities in educational outcomes. Moreover, participants emphasize the importance of targeted professional development to equip teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge for AI integration. Collaborative discourse among educators, policymakers, and researchers is advocated to promote evidence-based strategies and policies. In conclusion, the study underscores the need for inclusive and collaborative approaches to AI adoption in Nigerian secondary education, emphasizing the ethical, pedagogical, and infrastructural considerations. Implementing the recommended strategies such as Creating AI training and support programmes for Nigerian secondary school teachers can help overcome challenges and maximize the benefits of AI integration, ultimately enriching the teaching and learning experiences in large class settings. Keywords: Teacher's perspectives, AI technologies, integrating, large class sizes, secondary education,

Ursula O. Ibebuike
ABSTRACT
This paper examines Legislative process and Democratic consolidation in the Local Government Administration in Nigerian’s Fourth Republic. Fundamentally, the operations of local government since after the 1976 local government reforms and subsequent ones by successive Nigerian Government and constitution were tailored or aimed at making Local government a veritable tool for democracy. Operationally, while democratic practices in the local government cannot be adequately discussed in isolation, the institution of Local Government in Nigeria is considered to be a failure manifesting as it has dwindled in its services-delivery to the people at the grassroots. This study adopts democratic consolidation theory for its theoretical framework, while the methodology of research utilized is historical and qualitative, materials from secondary sources of data collection. Equally, content analysis of inductive and deductive logical reasons was utilized in the analysis of the data. The findings show that while Local Government ought to be a spring board for democratic practices, the politics of local-central relations has continued to weaken its operational capacity and optimal performance. The paper, therefore, submits that the survival and consolidation of Nigeria Local Government should incorporate the active participation and devolution of powers to the third tier Government as a way of strengthening its democratic functionality and consolidation. Keywords: Local government, democratic consolidation, Nigeria’s fourth republic, legislative process.

Ebiziem Jude Ebiziem
ABSTRACT
Nigeria's infrastructure, transportation, and other systems that support economic growth are all significantly impacted by the elimination of gasoline subsidies. This paper looks at both immediate and long-term implications of this policy shift, drawing from recent research and case studies. As the cost of transportation increases, the ripple effect is very noticeable in both the public and private sectors. From increased commodity prices to changed commuter behaviours, the removal of fuel subsidies has redrawn how Nigerians interact with both urban and rural transport systems. Likewise, infrastructure systems that are very dependent on fuel supplies for logistics, power generation, and maintenance face new challenges in funding and sustainability. These effects are countered by government policies through infrastructural reforms, subsidization of alternative sources of energy, and investing in public transportation. Using relevant Nigerian data and similar countries case studies, this paper highlights the pivotal role of fuel pricing in the broader economic infrastructure while addressing the gaps in policy responses to these emerging challenges. The study concludes with ways transportation and infrastructure systems can be adapted to be far more sustainable in the post - fuel subsidy era, thereby propping up continued growth and access for the Nigerian populace. Keywords: Fuel; Subsidy; Transportation; Infrastructure; System; Human; Capital.

Basiru Olalekan GIWA
ABSTRACT
Nigeria is endowed with significant amount of solid mineral resources, with concentrated deposits in the northern region, which also harbors a high level of insecurity. This research aims to examine the effects of illegal mining as a driving force of insecurity in northern Nigeria. The paper adopted the structural functionalism theory, and the qualitative method of data analysis to examine the relevant variables to adduce outcome. Findings revealed that illegal mining activities have played a significant role in fueling insecurity in northern Nigerian states hosting significant deposits of solid mineral resources. The paper argues that resulting from Nigeria‘s weak security architecture and challenges to effective enforcement of its regulatory laws, local and foreign miners engages in illegal mining operations. It is observed that illegal miners patronize or sponsor violent armed groups for protection, and because there are no measures of control, these criminal forces disrupt local communities with threats and incessant terrorist attacks, including banditry and kidnapping, and engage state security forces in open hostilities. Worst still, they become entrenched and also involved in the illegal mining activities by seizing and looting mining sites to amass wealth to retool their armories. The paper concludes that illegal mining fuels insecurity in northern Nigeria, and can be mitigated if government develops the required political will for enhanced security and effective enforcement of its regulatory laws to combat illegal mining activities, localized conflicts and diverse forms of criminalities. Keywords: solid minerals, illegal mining, armed groups, insecurity, policy measures

Achubie, Chinedu Remigius
ABSTRACT
The recent times have witnessed a thunderous argument about the potential of Artificial intelligence (AI) to perform complex tasks. Some Scholars are of the view that the new technology has the capacity to perform all difficult tasks across all industries. The overall aim for this paper is to study Artificial intelligence and transformation of Corporate Governance in Nigeria 2022-2024. The specific objective is: (1) To examine the potential of AI to detect fraud in finance industries (2) To investigate the potential of AI to support Surgeries in highly delicate Organs in health care industry. The Daveport and Ronanki systematisation theory guided the study. Findings reveal that the capacity to detect Fraud in finance industries is a peculiar use case for AI. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject studied. The study concludes that AI has the potential to detect fraud in financial industries, aid in customer relationship management, and execute predictive analytics. In healthcare industry, AI supports surgeries in delicate Organs, improving patient outcomes. The study recommends that both organisations should invest in AI infrastructure, training and capacity building. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, transformation, corporate governance, finance and health care industries, Nigeria

Ifegwu Livingrich Prince EZEIKPE
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the impact of truancy on the academic performance of public secondary school students in Ikeduru Local Government Area (LGA) of Imo State. A descriptive survey design was employed. Three research questions guided the study, aligning with its stated objectives. The population consisted of all secondary school students within Ikeduru LGA, totaling 1,720, from which a sample of 320 respondents was randomly selected. Data were collected using a structured instrument titled Truancy and Academic Performance Questionnaire (TAPQ), which was validated by experts in Psychology and Measurement and Evaluation. Descriptive statistics, specifically mean scores, were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that both family-related and school-related factors contribute significantly to student truancy. Furthermore, the adolescent developmental stage was identified as having a substantial influence on truancy behaviour. It was also found that truancy has a negative effect on students’ academic performance. Based on these findings, recommendations were made, including the need for early intervention by parents and teachers, and the promotion of a positive teacher-student relationship to mitigate truancy and its adverse effects on learning outcomes. Keywords: Truancy, impact, academic performance, Ikeduru, public schools,

Ifeyinwa OKEREKE
ABSTRACT
The paper explores the issue of deceleration of fiscal federalism and its challenges to the development of the sub-national units in Nigeria. Nigeria‟s quasi federalism has rather than improve, continues on a detour of retardation and this portends a grave consequence for the economic development of the sub-national entities in the country. Anchored on the theory of Fiscal Federalism, the study adopts historical-descriptive design aspect of qualitative method of data collection and content analysis, which rely on quality texts, journal articles, official documents, working papers, reports, internet sources etc., that were content-analyzed to draw valid inference. The study revealed that though the issue of fiscal federalism did not commence on a sound footing in Nigeria at the onset, it witnessed what could be referred to as its golden period in the first republic and began its persistent downward slope after the 1966 military incursion and seizure of governmental powers which tilted towards over centralization as against decentralization of fiscal powers. Also, owing to the over-bearing centralization of fiscal powers which channel all funds, particularly rents from mineral resources into the central coffers herein referred to as Federation Account, the development of sub-national units is stifled thereby defeating the very essence and tenets of true federalism. More so, as the fiscal powers of the sub-national units are brutally hamstrung by this fiscal over-centralization, the states and local governments are rendered financially impotent, forcing them to be over-reliant on the over-bearing centre for survival and sustenance. Based on the above findings, functional measures were recommended that can turn the sub-nationalities from revenue recipient and dependents to viable wealth creators. Keywords: Fiscal federalism, development, sub-national units, first republic, military incursion.

Johnson O. Ndubuisi
ABSTRACT
This study assesses the role of GIS in curbing insecurity and crimes in Kajuru local government of Kaduna state, Nigeria. The research identified the causes of insecurity as well as assessed the use of GIS in curbing insecurity and crimes in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. A simple descriptive research method was used, by administering questionnaire which was used as the instrument to a sample population 399 people from the entire population of Kajuru local government. The findings revealed that: inadequate funding of security personnel, lack of modern equipment both in weaponry and training, inadequate and disparities in provision of social amenities, unemployment especially among youths, poverty and bribery and corruption causes insecurity and crimes. Higher incidence of unemployment, terrorism and kidnapping among populace, disrupted businesses and economics activities, unwanted loss of lives and properties, disrupt of school calendar and closing of schools, dislocation and disruption of family and communal life were found to be some of the major effects of insecurity in the study area; finally the study also proved that, GIS facilitate tracking the movement of criminals, GIS can help security agencies to determine potential terrorists site, using GIS automated system, terrorists could be monitored, tract and smashed across borders and highways. The research recommended that there should be more need of using GIS technology in addressing the problem of insecurity in the study area and all over the country at large. Keywords: GIS, countering, insecurity, crime, Kajuru.

Adeku Joseph MALIKI
ABSTRACT
In the developing world, the challenge of water scarcity (exacerbated by climate change and other demands) highlights the need to increase water use efficiency (WUE) in agriculture – including for lesser known indigenous crops. This research was aimed at investigating the Consumptive Water Use, Evapotranspiration and Yield Response of Gongronema Latifolium (Bush buck) and Ocimum Gratissimum (Scent leaves) in a Porous pot sub-surface irrigation system incorporated in to a Naturally Ventilated Poly House (NVPH). The crop plants were sown at different distances (3, 5, 7, and 9 cm) to 16 buried unglazed clay pots. Weighable lysimeters and calibrated deep stick were used to measure water use and retention and climatic data from NIMET weather station was used to model evapotranspiration for the Blaney-Morin-Nigeria (BMN) method. The findings showed a crop coefficient of 0.95 for bush buck and 0.92 for scent leaf, while the crop water requirements was 190 mm and 171 mm for the crops, respectively. Consumptive use was 0.7 and 0.5 cm/day with ET rates of 5.7 and 5.3 mm/day, respectively. Water use efficiency was significantly high: 87.7% for bush buck and 90.6% for scent leaf at 6- day irrigation interval. There was no difference in response among the treatments as determined by ANOVA. These findings underscore the potential of PCC irrigation for sustainable crop production in drought-prone areas. Keywords: Indigenous irrigation, porous clay pot, sustainability, rural farming, Nigeria

Ohaejesi Theodora Ogochukwu
ABSTRACT
Upholstery textiles are fabrics used for covering furniture to give a soft and inviting feel for perfect relaxation. These fabrics become wasted during cutting and sewing involves fabric remnants, irregular pieces and trimmings. Fabric wastes become heaps in landfills and deplete the ozone layer when disposed of through incineration. The concept of waste to wealth emphasises transforming of discarded materials such as upholstery fabric into valuable products like key holders. This approach not only reduces wastes but also promotes sustainability and economic growth. By utilizing textile waste, manufacturers can create unique, eco-friendly household articles, contributing to a circular economy. This process fosters local job creation, empowers communities and minimizes environmental impact through recycling and repurposing. The initiative practices can convert waste into resources, enhancing both economic and environmental outcomes in the production industry. This paper looks into types of upholstery textile fabric and its types, textile upholstery scraps in the production of valuable and relevant household articles for the sustainability of the community, thereby reducing land contamination, safety and well-being of the citizens. The paper was summarized, concluded and recommendations proffered. Keywords: Textile upholstery, waste, wealth, waste management, keyholders.

H. IBRAHIM
ABSTRACT
It has been documented that labour Unions in Nigeria were part of the groups that fought the military regime for the return of democracy in 1999. The struggle by the labour unions was so intense that it invited the wrath of the military on the unions leading to the proscription and ban of some unions as well as victimization of trade unionists. Since the return of democracy in 1999, labour unions have taken to activism to protest certain government‟s policies perceived to be against the interests of the workers and masses. They seem to do this with a sense of ownership for the democracy they contributed in fighting for its return. The article aims at assessing the various struggles of the organized labour in Nigeria, for the rights of workers and masses during the twenty five years of Nigeria‟s democratic journey. The study adopts a multi-disciplinary approach. Data for the reconstruction was collected through oral interviews of some leaders and staff of the unions as well as data from the federal ministry of labour and employment, the body that mediates between the trade unions and employers in the event of industrial trade disputes and labour crises. These data was augmented with newspaper reports from the daily newspapers that reported some of the events between 1999 and 2024. The study finds that labour unions sustained their activism in advocating for a democracy that works for the benefit of workers and the masses throughout the democratic process of the fourth republic. The study recommends that trade unions should set aside leadership tussle and internal wrangling that diminishes its image before the public and focus on a sustained activism for the betterment of workers and the masses. Trade Union and Organized labour will be conceptualized for ease of understanding. Keywords: Organized labour, trade union, activism, labour unionism.

Jatau David Polang
ABSTRACT
This study examines the integration of digital solutions in sports refereeing within Nigeria, addressing the gap in technological adoption in the country's sports ecosystem. Using a descriptive survey methodology, data was collected from 726 sports administrators across Nigeria. Findings reveal a significant deficiency in the accessibility of essential digital officiating tools, emphasizing the urgent need for technological integration to enhance efficiency. Despite challenges, a strong correlation exists between the availability and effective use of digital technologies, underscoring their critical role in improving officiating standards. The study highlights the transformative potential of digital solutions in refining athlete performance and officiating protocols. Recommendations include increased investment, capacity-building initiatives, public-private partnerships, and proactive promotion of digital adoption to advance sports development in Nigeria. Keywords: Digital solutions, sports, refereeing, integration, officiating

Abubakar S. IBRAHIM
This research work investigates the impact of vocabulary growth through Intensive Reading within the Junior Secondary School Students level in Kudan LGA. This research sought to ascertain the pretest and post-test performance scores within junior secondary students taught using intensive reading and those taught using traditional methods. A non-randomized pre test-post-test control group quasi-experimental design was adopted. The participants in this study were three thousand seven hundred (3,700) JS3 students in Kudan. The sample size used for the investigation is one hundred and twenty (120) JSS 3 students of both genders from the two sampled schools. Stratified random sampling and the sample lottery method were adopted in selecting the sixty (60) students of JSS 3. The tools employed for this study were two test items for the pre-test and the post-test. A reliability coefficient of r = 0.76 was obtained from the pilot test of the instrument. Research question was analyzed and answered using descriptive statistics of means and standard deviations. Null hypothesis one was evaluated through the use of one-way analysis of variance. Findings shows that there was a significant level of difference between the performance of students taught vocabulary growth of basic words using intensive reading and those taught using traditional method. Based on the insights gleaned from this research recommends that integrating intensive reading programs into their curriculum to improve vocabulary growth among Junior Secondary Students. Also, Teachers should be given training and support in implementing evidence based instructional strategies that focus on enhancing language skills Keywords: Impact assessment, vocabulary growth, intensive reading, English language, students

Saleh Yusuf Sadau
ABSTRACT
This study was an investigation of TETFund resources on non-human resources as correlate of infrastructural development in tertiary institution in Imo State. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated and tested using simple linear approach at 0.05 level of significance. The design adopted was correlation research design. The population consists of three thousand three hundred and sixty four (3,364) lecturers from the seven state and Federal owned tertiary institutions in Imo State, the sample was three hundred and thirty six (336) lecturers which is 10% of the population drawn through cluster and proportionate random sampling techniques. The instruments are two rating scales titled “Tertiary Education Trust Fund Scale (TETFS) and Infrastructural Development Scale (IDS). The instruments were validated by two Measurement and Evaluation experts and reliability established to be 0.76 and 0.74 for TETFS and IDS respectively using crombach alpha statistics. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (Pearson r) statistics was used to answer the research questions while t-test of simple linear correlation statistics was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of this study revealed that both provision of physical infrastructure and provision of instructional materials/ equipment have high, positive and significant relationship with infrastructural development of tertiary institutions in Imo State. The study recommended among others that stakeholders including TETFund should continue to prioritize and invest in the development and maintenance of physical infrastructure.. Keywords: TETFund, tertiary education, non-human resources, infrastructural development, instructional material.

Rita Chigozie OSUALA
ABSTRACT
Imo State, Nigeria, faces significant challenges in managing solid waste, which poses threats to public health and the environment. This paper explores the strategic development initiatives for achieving sustainable environmental waste management system in Imo state. The paper adopted secondary data which were collected from academic documents, abstracts, books, education resources and conference papers. The secondary sources of data were sourced from print and online publications. In the literature review, it adopted conceptual and theoretical frameworks. The study was anchored on extended Produce Responsibility (EPR) theory. It analyzed some legal policy frameworks on waste management and environmental protection in Nigeria. The study examined the methods of waste management adopted by the people of Imo State and it was found out and identified that landfilling, dumping sites and incineration are the major waste management adopted in the state. Despite the policy regulations on waste management in Imo state waste management has not improved therefore the study proposed some strategic development initiatives for achieving sustainable environmental waste management system in the state. The study concludes by stating that the waste management regulatory agencies should be empowered to ensure strict compliance by all proper management waste for a sustainable and eco-friendly environment. Keywords: Strategic, Development, Initiatives, sustainable, environment, waste management

Patience Ezinne Nneka OKOROAFOR
ABSTRACT
It was expected that the international intervention championed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the ouster of the erstwhile Libyan head of State, Muammar Gaddafi would bring stability and peaceful co-existence in Libya. On the contrary, peace and stability seem to have eluded the country as sporadic conflicts by splinter groups have become predominant in the Libyan equation fueled by a number of external countries. The study therefore, examines the political economy of these external interests and how they have contributed in exacerbating and prolonging the war. Anchored on the theories of Local Destabilization and Competitive Interventions, the study adopted the qualitative method which utilized secondary sources of data that includes textbooks, journal articles, previous field researches, workshop papers, and news media and internet sources. These were content analyzed to draw valid inference. Findings show that the external factors involved in the post Gaddaffi Libyan conflict have varied interests which are economic, ideological, religious and military-strategic and these have contributed in fueling and prolonging the conflicts; ultimately, leading to further destabilization, displacements and exploitation of the Libyan State. The study recommends that it is only genuine intervention by mediators that can salvage the Libyan State from insecurity and instability and the brink of collapse. Key Words: External Actors, Interest, Political Economy, Instability, Insecurity.

Samuel N.C. Nwagbo
ABSTRACT
The quest for sustainability of river ecosystem and allied resources in this 21st Century constitutes a major source of concern for the United Nations programme on sustainable Development Agenda, but with limited success due to human exploitative excesses and climate change impacts. This study employed the direct field survey and laboratory techniques. The bedload sediment and surface water samples were collected from eight sampled points along the river during the months of November, February, April, and July, making a total of 128 surface water and sediment samples. Also, the laboratory analyses were carried out on 24 heavy metals and 24 nutrients for sediment and water making a total of 48 parameters at each point and 384 parameters for each month. A grand total of 1,536 heavy metals/nutrients were analyzed during the study period. The granulometric assessment showed a dominance of mean diameter of 0.50 and 1.00 mm. Using Principal Component Analysis, the metal parameters were collapsed into five major (core-metal, crustal-metal, Vanadium-ore, ferromanganese, and manganese) components each with an eigenvalue greater than 1.00 that explained 95.09 of the total variance in the series. A comparison of metals and nutrients concentration in the surface water with the World Health Organization (2004) standard showed that the KIRB is seriously polluted with lead, cadmium, chromium, selenium, and nitrite. This study recommended for urgent moved by stakeholders to synergize in protecting the fragile and moderately threaten Kwa Ibo River eco-geomorphologic unit of Southeastern. Keywords: Kwa Iboe River, water, sediment, heavy metal, nutrients, eco-geomorphic units

Ikpong Sunday UMO
ABSTRACT
The collective efforts in tackling climate change impacts are gaining popularity at the global level, but regional and local agro-land users tend to suffer failures due to limited capacity to adapt. In this study, Imo State was stratified into three agro-land zones and rainfall data were generated from secondary sources using gridded method from 19981 to 2023 (43) climatic years and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results reveal that Imo East recorded a highest mean value of 256.00, while Imo West recorded a highest standard deviation of 18.44 mm. Also, Imo East and Imo West recorded a homogenous value of 297 mm for the longest length of growing season during 2013 climatic year, while the shortest length of growing seasons converges in 1998 climatic year, but with diverse values recorded at distinct agro-land zones. The results of the time series models exhibited a uniform positive trend patterns with the Imo West revealing a highest regression model 0.510x + 244.5 and a highest co-efficient of 0.120 that accounted for 12.0 percent of the total variance in the series. A test of influence of variations in agro-land zones on rainfall fluctuations led to a conclusion that changes in the length of growing seasons are independent of locations of Imo agro-land zones. This study recommends for urgent places-centered policies and collaborated efforts to strengthen farmers‟ adaptive capacities to rain-induced hazards for sustainable agricultural land use and food security in Imo State. Keywords: Spatio-temporal, rainfall fluctuation, growing season, agro-land use, geo-politic.

Dr. Ikpong Sunday Umo
ABSTRACT
The National Pledge is an oath of allegiance and one of the important national identities in Nigeria. It comprised of six basic lines of solemn promise of service and patriotism by Nigerians to contributing their quota in terms of sustainable national unity and development to Nigeria. The ethical virtues embedded in the Nigerian National Pledge are so important and promising to the extent that if, properly adhere to, can go a long way to stimulating and making Nigeria a great nation. It has however been observed that most Nigerians apperceived the National Pledge as a vow or promise that has no much value since majority of the citizens in Nigeria usually see the National Pledge as a normal routine that has to be recited without taking cognizance of its wordings for proper and adequate manifestations for national cohesion and development. It is evident that most Nigerians usually recite the National pledge always but the reverse is the case when it comes to taking the wordings therein into actions and manifestations. Nigerians are therefore advised to always adhere strictly to the dictates of the wordings of the National Pledge and be dedicated to its cause accordingly. It is also suggested that, if Nigeria is truly going to be great, it is expected of her citizens to create and sustain the integrity of the nation by maintaining their individual integrity and they also should embrace unity, progress, peace, equity, transparence, accountability, dignity of labour, tolerance(religious and ethnic) and faith in Almighty God. Keywords: Apperception, ethical values, national pledge, national development, Nigeria

Olujide Adeyemi OLAYIWOLA
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the correlation between domestic violence and social adjustment among tertiary institution students in Zaria, Kaduna State. The study was directed by two objectives, which were converted into research questions and hypotheses. The research employed a survey design, targeting a population of 13,744 male and female students from Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, and the Federal College of Education (FCE), Zaria, from which a sample of 375 was chosen. The study employed a multistage sampling approach. The data collection instruments employed were the Domestic Violence Inventory, derived from Edleson (2007), and the Social Adjustment Inventory, adapted from Bell (1994). The tools' reliability was determined to be .899 for the Domestic Violence Inventory and .898 for the Social Adjustment Inventory, respectively. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to evaluate the hypotheses. The study's findings indicated a substantial difference in domestic violence among tertiary institution students in Zaria, Kaduna State, based on their age group. A substantial difference (p=.035) occurs in the social adjustment of tertiary institution students in Zaria, Kaduna State, based on their age bracket (p=.035). A substantial difference was found in domestic violence and social adjustment among tertiary institution students in Zaria, Kaduna State, based on their age groupings. According to the study's findings, it is recommended that counsellors, educational psychologists, and teachers assist students in mitigating domestic violence and social adjustment issues by raising awareness about adapting to their academic environment. Keywords: Domestic Violence, Social Adjustment, Tertiary Institution, Students

Grace Isuwa
ABSTRACT
The paper examined prebendalism under the Rochas Okorocha civilian regime In Imo State spanning 2015-2019. Three research questions were raised in the study viz: What are the immediate predisposing factors to Rochas Okorocha prebendal rule in Imo State? What are the predisposing effects of Governor Rochas Okorocha prebendal rule in Imo State? What are the possible solutions to the threat? The following objectives guided the study which includes examining the predisposing factors to Governor Rochas Okorocha's prebendal rule in the State. The theory of "two publics" was adopted as a framework. The study adopted an historical research design since it is a quantitative research. Secondary sources of data were adopted in the collection of data. The result of the study showed that Rochas Okorocha regime in the State was prebendalistic and parasitic and factors such as societal expectations was a causative factor. The findings also showed that the political "Will" to respect constituted authority in the State is eroding and people's faith or trust in government and leaders is weakening. Based on the findings, the study made recommendations which include political parties in Nigeria and Imo State in particular should ensure that collection of Nomination forms for interested candidates is free to give the youths, those in the academia and seasoned bureaucrats opportunity to contest. The study concluded that we must plan a change since tradition and culture demand from us a hand-over to future generation. Keywords: Prebendaliam, two publics, civilian regime, societal expectations.

Joseph Eberechukwu AKONYE
ABSTRACT
This study examines the role of digital innovations and artificial intelligence (AI) in bridging the tax gap in Nigeria, focusing on how technology influences tax compliance behavior. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the research investigates three core dimensions: the adoption of digital tax tools, the use of AI in tax auditing and monitoring, and the perceived ease of use and accessibility of digital tax platforms. These theories explain how perceived usefulness, ease of use, and behavioral intentions drive technology adoption and tax compliance. A quantitative research design was adopted using a structured questionnaire distributed to 150 tax professionals, administrators, and registered taxpayers across Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, and Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root tests to ensure stationarity of variables. The regression model showed that all three independent variables—adoption of digital tax tools (p = 0.0044), AI in auditing (p = 0.0000), and ease of use/accessibility (p = 0.0000)—have significant positive effects on tax compliance level in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommends intensified investment in AI-powered tax monitoring and auditing infrastructure; user friendly digital platforms to enhance accessibility and engagement across all taxpayer categories; and national policy initiatives to increase digital literacy and taxpayer education. These actions are crucial to strengthening Nigeria’s tax system and ensuring a more equitable, transparent, and efficient tax regime through technology-driven compliance strategies. Keywords: Tax compliance, digital tax tools, artificial intelligence, technology acceptance model

Ogechi Eberechi ALPHEAUS
ABSTRACT
Every society of the globe has its methods of controlling the social behavior of its citizens in order to attend a desired goal of harmony and peaceful co-existence. Social crime in traditional Igbo-society consisted of violence of standardized ways of behaviour such as murder, theft, adultery, rape, incest, suicide and so on. They are conventional crime which had far-reaching regrettable consequences not only for the offender, but, also his immediate family and close relations. These are the problems the researcher has been desired to address, to see how such deviant behaviours or crimes are controlled in Ikeduru traditional society. In achieving this goal, agents of social control and local machineries are well utilized within Ikeduru cultural settings. This paper, however, adopts social control theory. Keywords: Ikeduru traditional society, social crime, social control theory.

Joshua Okechukwu Onwuliri
ABSTRACT
This article explores the leadership principles embedded in Exodus 18 and how they offer a biblical framework for understanding and improving the process of leadership selection in contemporary Nigeria. The passage, which recounts Jethro’s counsel to Moses regarding the delegation of leadership duties, provides a theological and administrative model that stands in contrast to the crises and corruption that characterize Nigeria’s leadership culture. Using a qualitative method that combines biblical exegesis with contextual analysis and literature review, the study interrogates the implications of Exodus 18 for Nigerian leadership ethos. The paper argues that a return to values such as integrity, competence, accountability, and divine fear—as found in Jethro’s counsel—could address the deep-rooted dysfunctions in Nigeria’s leadership recruitment process. The paper concludes with theological and practical recommendations for adopting biblical principles in shaping political and ecclesiastical leadership structures in Nigeria. Keywords: Leadership, Exodus 18, Moses, Nigeria, Governance, Biblical Ethics, Jethro

Emmanuel Chijioke AGOHA
ABSTRACT
This study assesses the impact of peer support groups on rehabilitation outcomes among individuals with opioid use disorder in Port Harcourt Metropolis. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population consisted of 83 individuals with opioid use disorder at the Port Harcourt Psychiatric Hospital, Rivers State, from which a sample of 42 individuals (50%) was selected using a combination of purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire, "Assessing the Impact of Peer Support Groups on Rehabilitation Outcomes among Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder Questionnaire" (AIPSGRAOUDQ), which was validated by experts and tested for reliability using the test-retest method and the Cronbach Alpha technique, yielding a reliability coefficient of 0.725. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) to answer research questions and inferential statistics (independent t-tests) to test hypotheses, facilitated by SPSS version 27.0. The findings revealed that participation in peer support groups has a significant and positive effect on both domains. Specifically, individuals engaged in peer support reported lower substance use levels, attributing their progress to the encouragement, accountability, and shared experiences offered within the group setting. The social reinforcement and sense of belonging provided by these groups appear instrumental in sustaining sobriety and preventing relapse. The study concluded that peer support groups offer a cost-effective, scalable, and community-driven solution for managing opioid use disorder and addressing the physiological and emotional dimensions of recovery. As such, the study recommends integrating peer support into formal rehabilitation strategies, supporting policies, and mental health services to optimise recovery outcomes and promote long-term wellness. Keywords: Peer Support Groups, Rehabilitation Outcomes, Opioid Use Disorder.

Patience Obeunezi OGUNGWERU
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the adoption and efficacy of innovative procurement methods in promoting sustainability and efficiency within Nigeria's public infrastructure sector. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, it combines survey data with interviews and document reviews across key Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs). Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and ANOVA, alongside thematic analysis, reveal that while Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) and e-procurement demonstrate potential, traditional procurement methods prevail due to institutional inertia, capacity gaps, and regulatory deficiencies. The findings indicate moderate engagement with sustainability, predominantly focused on environmental objectives, while economic and social dimensions are largely neglected. Barriers such as bureaucratic inefficiencies, inadequate training, financial constraints, and political interference persist across MDAs. The study concludes that a comprehensive reform agenda—emphasizing regulatory modernization, digital procurement infrastructure, and capacity building—is essential. Recommendations include targeted legal reforms, expanded training programs, promotion of inclusive sustainability metrics, and improved PPP frameworks. This research provides novel insights into procurement reform in developing economies, offering a data-driven framework to enhance transparency, innovation, and developmental impact in Nigeria’s public sector. Keywords: Sustainable procurement, e-procurement, public-private partnerships, regulatory reform, Nigeria, public infrastructure, institutional barriers

Vivian. O. Etolue
ABSTRACT
Faced with increasing environmental destruction in Nigeria, the need to get public and private sector purchasing practices to act in alignment with principles of sustainable development imperatives becomes quite urgent. This study examined the environmental effect of green procurement (GP) on national development in Nigeria, using a mixed-method research design. Drawing on a survey of 200 procurement professionals and using SPSS multiple regression models, it is found that GP's environmental dimensions have universally significant effect on development outcomes (p < 0.05), but the social dimension does not. The study reveals the implications of standardizing green measures in a form of environmental auditing, ISO 14001 certifications, and laws in the industries. Policy considerations are made with reference to the Climate Change Act 2021 and Nigeria’s Energy Transition Plan. The research provides a pathway for incorporating sustainability in procurement for resilient, inclusive, and environmentally sustainable national development. Keywords: Green procurement, environmental sustainability, national development, ISO 14001, Nigeria, climate change act, public policy.

Ime W. EKPO
ABSTRACT
The need to integrate information and communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning religious studies in Nigerian tertiary institutions in this digital age cannot be underscored. The use of ICT in Religious studies, no doubt, will enhance both students‟ academic performance and lecturers‟ pedagogic skills thereby reposition the course as one of the value laden courses in our tertiary institutions. This paper, therefore, takes a concise look at the concept of information and communication technology (ICT); the use of ICT in education; application of ICT in teaching and learning Religious studies and benefits of the application of ICT in teaching and learning Religious studies. It also goes ahead to examine the challenges to the application of ICT to teaching and learning religious studies. The paper concludes by emphasizing the far-reaching impact of ICT on students‟ academic performance as well as on lecturers‟ pedagogic skills, arguing that any academic discipline where ICT is yet to be integrated is pathetically lagging behind in this digital age. The paper, thus, suggests among other things, that the government should come up with strategic funding plans to revamp our moribund tertiary education system, especially in the area of digitalization through establishment of e-libraries and provision of internet facilities and personal computers (PCS) to various tertiary institutions to enable students, especially Religious studies students, to have easy access to ICT mediated studies. Keywords: Religious studies, ICT, Teaching learning, Nigeria, tertiary Institutions.

SIMEON U.N. DURUJI
ABSTRACT
This study explores the complex relationship between political thuggery and sustainable youth development in Nigeria, focusing on how political violence undermines efforts to empower young people socioeconomically, politically, and educationally. Political thuggery—defined as the recruitment and use of youth by political actors to intimidate opponents, manipulate elections, or enforce party loyalty—has become a persistent feature of Nigeria‘s political landscape. This paper adopts mixed methodology; qualitative and quantitative approach, drawing on existing literature, policy documents, and interviews with youth leaders, political analysts, and civil society organizations, totaling 500 respondents. The findings reveal that political thuggery not only endangers the lives and future prospects of youth involved, but also erodes democratic values, fosters a culture of impunity, and diverts attention and resources away from sustainable development initiatives. The study argues that unless decisive measures are taken to address youth unemployment, political exclusion, and weak institutional frameworks, the cycle of violence and underdevelopment will persist. Recommendations include policy reforms focused on youth empowerment, civic education, electoral integrity, and the enforcement of laws against political violence. The research concludes that dismantling the structures that perpetuate political thuggery is essential for achieving meaningful and sustainable youth development in Nigeria. Keywords: Political thuggery, youth, sustainable development, electoral integrity

Charity Enifome CHIADIKA
ABSTRACT
The purpose of education among others in Nigeria is to train youngsters to become useful and functional members of the society, therefore education become one of the powerful instruments for inculcating desirable behaviours, positive values and attitudes, skills and knowledge into learners. Students learning become more effective and impactful when the learning environment is calm and devoid of distractions. This study was to assess the impact of deviant behaviours on academic performances of secondary school students in Kogi East Education Zone of Kogi State. The study used a descriptive survey design for the research. Sampling technique was used to draw a sample population of fifty (50) SS1 and SS2 teachers in both public and private secondary schools and ten (10) principals of the schools sampled where data was administered. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaire and interview techniques, the data were analysed using simple percentages. Fifteen (15) secondary schools were selected from public and private secondary schools for the study. After careful study and analysis, it was discovered that deviant behaviour has a very detrimental impact on students‟ academic performances. The impact was more in public schools than the private schools. It also revealed that most teachers used punishment as a means of managing deviant behaviours in private schools. The study concluded by recommending the adoption or constitution of counselling service in school to effectively combat deviant behaviours for optimum students‟ performance. Keywords: Impact, deviance behaviours, academic performances, students.

JONATHAN ANTHONY OCHEJE
ABSTRACT
This study explores the role of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in enhancing service delivery in Nigeria from 2019 to 2023. With the increasing pressure on government resources and the need for sustainable development, PPPs have emerged as a key mechanism for improving public sector performance in sectors such as infrastructure, healthcare, education, and energy. This research examines the various PPP models adopted in Nigeria during this period, assessing their effectiveness in achieving the desired outcomes in service delivery. In carrying out the study, the descriptive research design was adopted. Questionnaire and interview were adopted as instrument for data collection and the method of data analysis was mean statistics. Through a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and quantitative analysis of service delivery metrics, the study identifies the challenges and successes associated with PPPs in the Nigerian context. Key factors such as regulatory frameworks, governance structures, public trust, and financial sustainability are critically analyzed to understand the dynamics of PPPs in Nigeria. The findings of this study revealed that while PPPs have led to significant improvements in certain sectors, issues such as inadequate policy implementation, corruption, and a lack of proper monitoring and evaluation mechanisms have hindered optimal service delivery. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at strengthening the PPP framework in Nigeria, including enhanced transparency; better risk-sharing models, and capacity building for both public and private sector participants. Keywords: Public-private-partnership, service delivery, financial sustainability, development

Ernest I. Olemeforo
ABSTRACT
This study explores the of local government councils in promoting inclusive development in Nigeria through a qualitative–thematic analysis. Despite their constitutional status as the third tier of government, local governments face systemic challenges such as limited fiscal autonomy, weak governance structures, and undue political interference from state governments. Using a multiple case study design, the paper examines grassroots experiences across different regions, including environmental neglect in Ogoni Land, forced evictions in Lagos State, poor service delivery in Zamfara State, and herder-farmer conflicts in Benue State. The analysis of semi-structured interviews reveals how communities perceive and cope with these challenges, highlighting issues like fiscal strangulation, erosion of autonomy, and democratic deficits. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for genuine fiscal and administrative autonomy, improved accountability, community engagement, and capacity building to strengthen local governance and enable inclusive development. Keywords: Local government, inclusive development, fiscal autonomy, democratic deficit, thematic analysis

Joseph Chukwudi UKWUNNA
ABSTRACT
Pollution of water bodies has generated a lot of debate amongst government as well as scientist all over the world. However, the need to protect our water bodies has become necessary due to global water scarcity. This study is carried out to assess the impact of solid waste disposal on surface water quality. The samples were collected at three different locations, upstream, midstream and downstream in containers and preserved before they were taken to the laboratory from the field. For quality assurance (QA), the bottles were first rinsed thoroughly with distilled water, before collection of samples. Analysis was conducted for the following parameters lead, iron, Fe, chromium, cadmium, Temperature, phosphate, nitrate, sulphate, Ph, Dissolved oxygen, Total dissolved solid, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Total petroleum hydrocarbon and Tetrahydrocannabinol. The analyses of water were carried out in accordance with standard analytical methods described by APHA (2012). Results from the study reveal a pH mean of 6.8, lead 4.699mg/L, Cadmium 2.937mg/L, Iron 5.693mg/L, Chromium 2.921mg/L, Phosphate and 10.6mg/L which were all higher than the permissible limit with the exception of sulphate and nitrate which were below the permissible limit. The study showed an increased concentration of DO, TDS, PAH, TPH and THC for all the samples analyzed in the study. Results from WQI revealed that all samples calculated were above 100 meaning that the water is not good for drinking nor cooking. The study therefore recommended that government agencies should be proactive and monitor our waterbodies to ensure that dumpsites are not located around them as well as improving industrial waste management, enforcing stricter regulations, and enhancing water treatment processes to ensure safe and sustainable water quality for the community. Keywords: Assessment, impact, solid waste, pollution, water quality, sustainability.

Bridget E. Diagi
ABSTRACT
Nigeria has faced continual conflicts in recent decades, involving not only state actors but also non-state actors such as armed groups, religious leaders, and community militias. Despite these actors’ significant roles, traditional state-led approaches, which rely heavily on military operations, have failed to address the root causes of conflict, leaving social and political grievances unresolved. This study examines peace-building as an alternative approach to conflict resolution, with a focus on the potential of engaging non-state actors in conflict resolution. The study builds upon key theoretical frameworks, including Lederach’s conflict transformation theory, which advocates addressing underlying structures and relationships that fuel violence. Drawing on secondary data from journals, books, internet sources and relevant literature, the study highlights how peace-building transcends state centric methods by prioritizing dialogue, reconciliation, and local participation. By integrating non-state actors who possess local authority, knowledge, and influence peace building can bridge gaps between communities and formal state structures. However, the study also identifies challenges, such as the dual role of non-state actors as both peace builders and spoilers and the lack of trust between the state and local communities. Despite these challenges, the study argues that an inclusive, community-based peace-building approach can break cycles of violence and promote social cohesion, offering a more legitimate and effective pathway to lasting peace in Nigeria. The findings underscore the urgent need for policymakers and peace practitioners to shift from exclusive, state-led security responses to participatory frameworks that recognize the vital roles of non-state actors in addressing the complex roots of conflict. Keywords: Peace-building, non-state actors, conflict resolution, armed conflict, Nigeria.

Heman JOHNSON
ABSTRACT
This study explores innovative financing model for sustainable public procurement in Nigeria with particular focus on public private partnership. The independent variables were blended financing, green bond, infrastructure investment funds and infrastructure debt securitization as the innovative financing models while the dependent variable was sustainable public procurement (SPP). Sample of 44 employees drawn from the Bureau for Public Procurement (BPP) in their state offices in the five states that make up South East Nigeria was drawn. The sample size was selected using the census enumeration method since the population was finite. The data were generated through structured questionnaire and analyzed using the multiple regression analysis technique after coding the responses. The results indicated that blended finance enhances sustainable public procurement in Nigeria but not significantly, green bond significantly decreased sustainable public procurement in Nigeria, increase in infrastructure investment funds significantly increased sustainable public procurement practices in Nigeria and infrastructure debt securitization exerted positive but not significant effect on sustainable public procurement in Nigeria. The study concluded that blended finance, green bonds, infrastructure investment funds and infrastructure debt securitization were the most effective innovative methods of PPP project financing in Nigeria. The study recommended that the Nigerian government should create a strategic combination of public, philanthropic, and private capital in order to create scalable and bankable solutions to complex development challenges and ensure sustainable public procurement financing in Nigeria. Keywords: Public procurement, public-private partnerships, infrastructure debt securitization, innovative financing, environmental sustainability, government bond.

Vitalis I. Mgbebu
ABSTRACT
This study examines the role of innovative technologies in combating climate-driven environmental crimes in Enugu State, Nigeria. The state has witnessed an increase in environmental crimes such as illegal deforestation, sand mining, bush burning, and improper waste disposal, largely driven by climate change which results in land degradation, water pollution, flood, erosion and biodiversity loss. The limitations of manual surveillance and weak monitoring have created a gap which innovative technologies can help to bridge, this gap is what this study intends to fill. This study addresses climate-driven environmental crimes, focusing on Mobile Environmental Reporting Applications, Artificial Intelligence (AI), drone surveillance, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Surveillance Cameras. Environmental Governance Theory was adopted as theoretical framework. With sample size of 200 respondents, the study gathered qualitative data from oral interviews with community stakeholders, environmental and law enforcement officers and quantitative data through structured questionnaires across selected communities in Enugu State. Findings show that although some innovative technologies are being used in Enugu, their application and collaboration between agencies is still limited which slows down the effective use of technology in environmental protection. The study concludes with recommendations for training, investment in digital crime-fighting tools and collaborations to ensure sustainable environmental protection. Keywords: Climate change, environmental crime, environmental agencies, innovative technologies, Law enforcement agencies.

Nneka Nkiru Amaechi-Ani
ABSTRACT
The paper looks at the abysmal effects of Armed Banditry on the educational sector of the North-East and North-West Nigeria. The paper lays emphasis on the importance of education to societal development and the limitations armed banditry posed to the development of the Educational sector of the North-East and North-West regions. It also acknowledges the that parents and guardians are afraid of losing their children and wards to the armed bandits who in many cases kidnap the pupils or students along with some of their teachers for ransom; and therefore, prefer to withdraw their children and wards from school, which has led to the obvious depletion of the enrolment population and attendance of pupils and students in schools and teachers to skip classes for safety reasons. The paper adopted secondary research method that relies on the compilation of existing data sourced from the internet, journals and published text books. The paper therefore recommends that: the Federal Government of Nigeria should recruit more military personnel and make provision for more armoured vehicles, and ensure a good number of soldiers with armoured vehicle are stationed in the school premises, especially, in schools sited in remote areas of the State for effective security. It also recommends that Government at all levels, should encourage police-community relations and equip them with surveillance equipment for better policing of the community and schools environment; and the State governments in the North-East and North-West regions, should train and equip local vigilante group with crime fighting equipment, so that they can be more effective in securing school facilities and environs. Keywords: Armed Banditry, Education, Insecurity, North-East and North-West, Nigeria.

Influence EJIREFE
ABSTRACT
The negative interactions between humans and wild animals had attracted diverse undesirable consequences, both on people, resources, wildlife, and their habitats. The aim of this study assessed the current condition on wildlife species in Yankari Game Reserve, Bauchi State, Nigeria, Methods, the study involved the use of qualitative data, the data were collected using FGD with 3 local communities, 1 FGD with management staff and 2 with forest guides (rangers), the data collected for this study were analyzed using descriptive statistics using and thematic analysis. The finding indicated that wildlife species is dwindling, declined and ultimate extinction of some wildlife species in the game reserve due to various effects of human activities. This study concluded that the wildlife species has significant changes over since from the creation of the game reserve. It is recommended that Management should provide special training, funds, equipment and motivation to the rangers in order to encourage the activities of rangers for regulating related human activities in the game reserve. Keywords: Wildlife, biodiversity, game reserve, human activities, endangered species.

Usman Shehu Ahmad
Cover Page for Vol 2 (2) July , 2025
ABSTRACT Gender matters have become a vexed issue in contemporary times in our society. Gender mainstreaming remains a strategic approach to promoting gender equality as well as empowering women, as defined by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This involves integrating gender perspectives into all aspects and stages of the policy and programmatic process including design, implementation, monitoring, and of course evaluation. Gender mainstreaming is aimed at ensuring that both women and men can equally participate in, benefit from, and contribute meaningfully to sustainable development. It has been observed that our society has been dominated by male gender, and this does not make for egalitarianism. Mainstreaming gender, that is, ensuring that both female and male are given a level playing ground, by way of equal opportunities will give the women sense of belonging. This equal opportunity should be in almost all spheres of human endeavour including education, job opportunities, political arena among others. This paper sets out to investigate challenges hindering effective gender mainstreaming in Nigeria, assess the impact of gender mainstreaming and make proposals or recommendations on the strategies to actualize gender mainstreaming for sustainable development in Nigeria. In a bid to realize these lofty goals, secondary sources by way of internet and books were utilized extensively. Keywords: Gender, sustainability, strategies, mainstreaming, equality

Vitalis Amasiatu UDENSI
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to determine the consequences of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in some parts of Imo state to promote the well-being of students in tertiary institutions, thereby fostering a healthier and more successful academic experience for young adults. A total of 400 Questionnaires were distributed to students of tertiary institutions in Imo state. A total of 373 questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed using standard methods from the tools of Google analytics and Microsoft Excel. The findings of the study were that stimulants, depressants, tobacco and cannabis are the most abused drugs with percentages of 48 percent, 49.1 percent, 42.9 percent, and 41.4 percent respectively while least commonly abused is hallucinogenic substances with a percentage of 18.8 percent. The major reasons of drug abuse among students were peer pressure and social influence, 65.8 percent, Stress and Academic Pressure, 35.5 percent, Curiosity and Experimentation, 29.1 percent, Availability of Drug, 23 percent, and Family Factors, 35.8 percent. From the opinions of the respondents, the health implications were: Acute Toxicity, 53.2 percent, Acute Psychiatric Symptom, 40 percent, infectious diseases, 40.2 percent, cognitive deficits and memory problems, 39.5 percent, damage to organs, 45.3 percent and increase risks of heart diseases and lung cancer, 29.2 percent. The government and authorities of the institutions should collectively embark on the campaigns against the illicit use of drugs, create awareness through social media, public enlightenment and seminars about the negative effects of drug abuse. Keywords: Drug abuse, mental health, pressure, stress, lung cancer.

J.U. Udensi
ABSTRACT
This study examined the impact of oil wealth from Shell Petroleum Development Company, on women empowerment in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State. It provides in-depth literature specifically on the lived experiences of Rumuola women with regards to the impact of oil wealth on the empowerment of women in the areas of education/vocational training, entrepreneurial support and health/wellbeing, and interrogates the policy implications of environmental security for restoring woman wealth. Qualitative approach was adopted to gather primary data through In-depth Interview and Focus Group Discussion, in addition to ethnohistorical and emic perspectives. Secondary data complemented the responses/observations. Human security concept guided the study. Findings include: Oil wealth does not have any significant positive impact on the empowerment of women in the area of education/vocational training; Oil wealth does not have a positive impact on women empowerment in the areas of entrepreneurial support, and health/wellbeing. The study concludes that the unfavourable experiences of women are triggering a chain of security risks for the environment, and recommends that giving attention to gender issues and the wellbeing of women is very germane to achieving environmental security in Obio/ Akpor, Rivers State. Keywords: Environmental security, Rumuola, oil exploration, oil wealth, women empowerment.

Helen Oziri Mmecha
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the extent to which the Petroleum Training Institute (PTI), Effurun,complies with Article 9 of UNCAC, with particular attention to transparency, competitive bidding, and the application of objective award criteria. The research adopted a mixed? methods approach, using structured questionnaires and key informant interviews to collect data from procurement officers, auditors, managers, and contractors. In total, 120 valid responses were obtained through surveys, and 10 in-depth interviews were conducted. The quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS, while qualitative insights were thematically examined using NVivo to capture the institutional and cultural dynamics surrounding
procurement.The results point to partial compliance. Only about one-third of respondents confirmed that procurement information was consistently disclosed, and less than 40 percent of contracts during 2021–2023 were awarded through open competitive bidding. Just over 40 percent reported the use of pre-established evaluation criteria. Interviews revealed deeper issues, including political pressure, reliance on manual procedures, limited training, and a culture of informality that undermines existing rules. Statistical tests confirmed that transparency and competitive bidding are the strongest predictors of perceived compliance. The study concludes that PTI’s compliance is more formal than substantive. To close this gap, it recommends the adoption of e-procurement platforms, stronger enforcement of competitive bidding, continuous training for procurement staff, and the establishment of a credible bid-challenge system.
Keywords: Public procurement, UNCAC Compliance, transparency, competitive bidding,institutional barriers.

M.S. ABUBAKAR
ABSTRACT
This study explores the major constraints affecting works procurement management and performance in South-East Nigeria, focusing on public sector projects in Abia, Enugu, and Ebonyi States. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, involving structured surveys of 110 stakeholders and 18 semi-structured interviews. Quantitative analysis using chi-square and ANOVA revealed that all 15 identified constraints—such as inadequate funding, corruption,poor planning, and delayed contractor payments—had statistically significant impacts (p
Keywords: Works procurement, Public sector, Nigeria, E-procurement, Corruption,Infrastructure delivery.

C. A. ONYENSO